{"schemaVersion":"1.7.0","canonicalUrl":"https://moltandmoss.com/research/data.json","schemaUrl":"https://moltandmoss.com/research/data.schema.json","publisher":{"name":"Molt & Moss","url":"https://moltandmoss.com","role":"Accountable seller-publisher, not an independent peer reviewer, laboratory, university or veterinary practice."},"scope":"Reviewed claim-scope records and bounded glossary definitions used by the public Neocaridina care library, plus evidence disagreement comparisons, an answerable research agenda, a finite research portfolio, a research-to-teaching capacity contract, a dated publication-status audit, separately labelled supporting authorities, open gaps, reproducible gap searches, change history and the frozen discovery census.","reuseNotice":"This export does not grant rights in linked publications. 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davidi","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Laboratory aquarium culture at 25 C","lifeStages":["hatchling","juvenile","first ovigerous female"],"topics":["anatomy","breeding","growth"],"design":"Animals were followed through twelve post-hatching stages with microscopy and defined carapace measurements.","experimentalUnit":"Individual developmental observations within one culture protocol","endpoints":["appendage development","sex differentiation","carapace length","first attached eggs"],"supports":"Stage-specific external development, the method used to distinguish sex and first reproduction observed under the tested protocol.","limits":"It does not promise that home shrimp can be sexed at a fixed age, reach a universal breeding size or carry eggs by a fixed day.","carePaths":["/care/anatomy","/care/sexing","/care/growth","/care/breeding","/care/molting"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"nur-christianus-2013-life-cycle","authors":"Nur and Christianus","year":2013,"title":"Breeding and Life Cycle of Neocaridina denticulata sinensis (Kemp, 1918)","venue":"Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 8(1): 108-115","url":"https://doi.org/10.3923/ajava.2013.108.115","sourceTaxon":"Aquarium-shop animals labelled Neocaridina denticulata sinensis; identification method not reported","evidenceClass":"adjacent-evidence","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Dechlorinated aerated tap water at 27 to 28 C, pH 6.5 to 7.5, dissolved oxygen above 4 mg/L, reported ammonia and nitrite below 0.1 mg/L, commercial 40 percent protein feed offered ad libitum twice daily and about 50 percent weekly water renewal","lifeStages":["shop-sourced adult","ovigerous female","egg","selected one-week-old offspring","reported juvenile","reported first maturity"],"topics":["breeding","growth","anatomy","water-parameters","feeding","health"],"design":"About 30 females and 30 males were conditioned separately for one month. Ten selected male-female pairs then shared one breeding aquarium. Ovigerous females were moved to individual 7 by 7 by 10 cm containers for hatch observations. Thirty healthy one-week-old offspring were selected into one shared aquarium and observed through a reported life-cycle sequence.","experimentalUnit":"One shared breeding aquarium for the ten pairs and one shared aquarium for the 30-offspring life-cycle cohort; individual ovigerous-female containers supplied brood observations, but the methods do not explain the greater number of points visible in the brood-mass graph or whether females contributed repeated broods","endpoints":["mating and attached-egg timing","egg length","incubation time","hatchling total length","brood count","reported juvenile and first-maturity time","female mass and brood-count relationship","water context","observed Holtodrilus occurrence"],"supports":"Under the reported culture history, selected adults mated and carried eggs, incubation was reported as 15 days at 27 C, hatchlings had a shrimp-like form and measured about 2.3 mm total length, observed broods ranged from 21 to 51, and the selected shared offspring cohort was reported to reach first maturity near 75 days and 2.3 cm total length.","limits":"Species identity rested on an aquarium-shop label without a reported diagnostic method. There was one breeding tank and one 30-offspring life-cycle tank, with no independent tank replication. Only healthy one-week-old offspring were selected, and survival, losses, family contributions, observation intervals, individual tracking and the denominator reaching maturity were not reported. The brood-mass figure shows more observations than the ten-pair method explains and labels R squared as 0.3589, while the text reports 0.9587 and 0.959. Water conditions and the 40 percent protein feed were not assigned comparisons, so they are context rather than optima. High mortality during Holtodrilus occurrence lacks a denominator and causal control. The claimed 5 to 10 ppt salinity response had no assigned treatment, untreated control, dose-duration, host-safety endpoint or recurrence follow-up and cannot support a salt treatment. Study duration and season coverage were not reported, so year-round reproduction was not established. The work cannot validate a universal 15-day incubation, 75-day maturity calendar, body-size threshold, feeding recipe, water-quality target or parasite treatment.","carePaths":["/care/sexing","/care/growth","/care/breeding","/care/health"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"mahmoud-2020-aquarium-life-cycle","authors":"Mahmoud, Sastranegara and Kusmintarsih","year":2020,"title":"The lifecycle of Neocaridina denticulata and N. palmata in aquariums","venue":"Biodiversitas 21(6): 2396-2402","url":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d210609","sourceTaxon":"Market-sourced animals labelled Neocaridina denticulata and Neocaridina palmata; identification method not reported","evidenceClass":"adjacent-evidence","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"One 30-litre aquarium per labelled species with powerhead filtration, aeration, white stone, Java moss, twice-daily 40 percent protein pellets, partial water renewal every three weeks and naturally varying 25 to 28 C water","lifeStages":["market-sourced adult","ovigerous female","egg","direct-developing post-hatching young","reported juvenile and maturity stages"],"topics":["breeding","growth","anatomy","water-parameters","nitrogen"],"design":"Thirty market-sourced animals per labelled species, 15 male and 15 female, first shared one aquarium per species. Fifteen ovigerous females per species were later described as moving to individual aquaria for egg and hatch observations, after which healthy offspring were reared and measured through a reported maturity sequence. Only descriptive statistics were stated.","experimentalUnit":"One initial aquarium per labelled species, so species and tank were confounded; the number, size and independence of the later female and offspring aquaria were not reported, and individual offspring tracking was not described","endpoints":["adult and post-hatching total length","egg length and width","attached egg count per female","reported time to life-stage labels","temperature","pH","dissolved oxygen","nitrate","ammonia"],"supports":"Under the reported culture history, the market-sourced groups produced attached eggs and direct-developing shrimp-like young. Fifteen females under each label supplied reported egg-count ranges of 21 to 60 for N. denticulata and 21 to 58 for N. palmata, and photographed post-hatching young measured about 3.3 mm at 24 hours.","limits":"Species identity rested on market sourcing, colour and photographs without a diagnostic key or molecular confirmation. With one initial aquarium per label, species and tank were confounded, preventing an independent species comparison. Female isolation, offspring allocation, starting hatch denominators, survival, losses and repeated-animal tracking were not reported. The stated June 14 to August 10 breeding interval does not reconcile with 75-day and 80-day observations. Tables place ranges in columns labelled Means while also giving separate standard deviations, figures and axes are inconsistently numbered or labelled, and no inferential model is reported. Temperature and pH varied within the same systems rather than being assigned, so plots cannot establish 27 C as an optimum or any pH effect. The water methods, analyte bases and nitrogen interpretation are incomplete, and nitrite named in the abstract is not reported in the tables. Calling the direct-developing young larvae and describing a planktonic phase conflict with the better-resolved N. davidi developmental literature. The source cannot establish a universal 15-day incubation, 75-day maturity calendar, water-quality threshold, species difference or cultivation optimum.","carePaths":["/care/sexing","/care/growth","/care/breeding","/care/parameters","/care/nitrogen"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"gomez-2020-sexual-maturity","authors":"Gomez-Nieves and Gomez-Hernandez","year":2020,"title":"Estimation of the size of sexual maturity in reproducers of Neocaridina heteropoda under laboratory conditions","venue":"Revista Investigacion Pecuaria 7(1): 19-23","url":"https://doi.org/10.22267/revip.2071.20","sourceTaxon":"Laboratory cherry shrimp labelled Neocaridina heteropoda and Neocaridina sp.; identification method not reported","evidenceClass":"adjacent-evidence","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Six nominal 2-litre glass aquaria near windows at 22 C with Riccia fluitans, fish feed to satiation and a stated dissolved-oxygen target of 2 to 3 mg/L","lifeStages":["selected adult broodstock","animals labelled F1 without a documented cohort derivation","ovigerous female","embryo","juvenile"],"topics":["breeding","growth","anatomy","water-parameters"],"design":"Eighteen selected laboratory broodstock, 12 females and six males, were distributed two females to one male across six aquaria and observed for ten months. Length was sampled every 15 days and physicochemical parameters monthly. The paper reports reproductive and size observations but describes only a Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test.","experimentalUnit":"Aquarium for the six three-animal groups and individual for some length and reproduction observations; all aquaria received the same management, offspring allocation was not described and animal losses changed density among units","endpoints":["female and male total length","reported age at sexual maturity","spawns per female","egg count","reported ontogenic duration","temperature and monthly water context"],"supports":"In this small laboratory series, selected adults reproduced at 22 C. The paper reports mean reproductive-phase lengths of 31.3 mm for females and 26.5 mm for males and 2.75 spawns per female during the ten-month observation.","limits":"The source began with selected broodstock averaging 31 mm for females and 26 mm for males, so those animals cannot establish age at first maturity. The methods do not define an F1 starting denominator, hatch dates, offspring allocation or age-assignment procedure even though the abstract and conclusion report maturity in weeks. The abstract gives ranges of 12.1 to 14 weeks for males and 14.2 to 16.4 for females, while the conclusion gives single values of 12.1 and 14.2 weeks. Egg counts of 18 to 33 and ontogenic duration of 18 to 25 days appear in the abstracts but are not supported by a reported observation schedule, denominator or results table. The container description conflicts between 0.20 cubic metres, 0.20 square metres and 2000 mL. Species identification was not reported and a figure labels the animals only Neocaridina sp. Monthly water results were not published. A Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test does not by itself establish the between-unit differences shown, and the text conflicts between p less than 0.01 and a figure caption using p less than 0.05. Mortality changed density among units. The work cannot validate a maturity age, maturity-size threshold, incubation calendar, universal spawning rate, stocking ratio, 22 C optimum or dissolved-oxygen target.","carePaths":["/care/sexing","/care/growth","/care/breeding"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"adachi-2025-tail-development","authors":"Adachi et al.","year":2025,"title":"Post-embryonic tail development through molting of the freshwater shrimp Neocaridina denticulata","venue":"iScience 28(2): 111885","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2025.111885","sourceTaxon":"Commercial Neocaridina denticulata (Neocaridina davidi), identified with partial CO1 sequence evidence","evidenceClass":"morphology-taxonomy","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Commercial stock maintained in 45-litre tanks at 23 to 25 C; separated egg-carrying animals and hatchlings were examined in bottles, 300-microlitre 96-well plate units or invasive microscopy preparations","lifeStages":["embryo","first-instar hatchling","second instar after first ecdysis"],"topics":["anatomy","molting","growth"],"design":"A post-hatching time series combined light and time-lapse imaging, morphometrics, SEM, TEM, toluidine-blue sections, confocal cuticle and cell staining, and a separate WGA-injected, UV-resin-immobilized live-imaging method across the first ecdysis.","experimentalUnit":"Individual shrimp within each method: 15 animals for tail length and width, three per stage for SEM, two per stage for TEM, three or more per fluorescence study, and two animals with 17 tracked nodes for resin-immobilized live imaging; Videos S1 and S2 show the same 96-well individual","endpoints":["external uropod and telson form","telson length and width","cuticle branching and furrows","epithelial cell shape","time-lapse tail dynamics through first ecdysis"],"supports":"Under the tested developmental conditions, cuticle already separated overlapping uropod and telson primordia shortly after hatching. The first ecdysis made the uropod branches externally clear and changed the telson toward a longer, narrower form, with the visible tail-shape transition occurring within minutes in the recorded individual.","limits":"This is first-instar developmental anatomy, not an adult molt interval or a home-visible molt predictor. The stock was commercially sourced, exact sex was unknown and the authors retained both N. denticulata and N. davidi because the name is disputed. Samples were small and method-specific. Fixed observations required anesthesia, dissection, fixation or staining. Captured 96-well animals molted faster, probably because of microscope heat. Live imaging used WGA injection, 395 nm curing light and heat-generating UV resin, slightly delayed ecdysis, included only two animals, did not label every cell and may have produced injury-related cells. The study did not test aquarium temperature, GH, minerals, treatment, survival, welfare or incomplete-molt prevention.","carePaths":["/care/anatomy","/care/molting"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"yan-2024-embryonic-eye-transcriptome","authors":"Yan et al.","year":2024,"title":"Comparative transcriptomic analysis primarily explores the molecular mechanism of compound eye formation in Neocaridina denticulata sinensis","venue":"BMC Genomics 25: 570","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-024-10453-5","sourceTaxon":"Baiyangdian Lake Neocaridina denticulata sinensis; identification method not reported","evidenceClass":"adjacent-evidence","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Field-collected adults reared in an indoor recirculating aquaculture system with aeration; temperature, water chemistry, photoperiod, feed and spawning dates were not reported","lifeStages":["nauplius-stage embryo","compound eye pigment formation I embryo","compound eye pigment formation II embryo","zoea-stage embryo within the egg membrane"],"topics":["anatomy","breeding","molting"],"design":"Embryos were assigned by stereomicroscope appearance to four late embryonic stages. Twelve RNA sequencing libraries represented three pooled samples per stage, with about 50 embryos in each sample. Adjacent stages were compared for gene expression and pathway enrichment, and eight selected transcripts were checked by qRT-PCR.","experimentalUnit":"Pooled RNA sample containing about 50 embryos, with three pools per morphological stage; the number of females or broods contributing to each pool and independence among pools were not reported","endpoints":["stereomicroscope stage assignment","whole-embryo RNA sequencing","differential gene expression","GO and KEGG enrichment","putative eye-development, phototransduction, cuticle and molting-related genes","qRT-PCR expression of eight selected transcripts"],"supports":"The study operationally separated late embryos by visible eye development, from thin crescent-shaped black pigment at the first compound-eye stage to oval eyes and later zoea-stage morphology. Whole-embryo expression profiles changed across those stages, including higher late-stage expression of putative visual opsins and enrichment of phototransduction and chitin-related terms.","limits":"The paper did not report embryo ages, elapsed time between stages, time to hatch, incubation temperature, water chemistry, photoperiod, brood count, clutch allocation, egg retention, hatch success, survival, deformity or post-hatch outcome. About 50 embryos were pooled per RNA sample, and unknown family contributions prevent treating every embryo as an independent replicate. Stage and maternal history were confounded. Pathway annotation and expression association do not prove that a gene or hormone caused eye formation, molting or hatching; qRT-PCR of eight selected transcripts was assay confirmation rather than an independent biological replication or functional perturbation. The source labels the final in-egg stage zoea, which must be preserved rather than converted into a hobby life-stage rule. Visible eyes therefore do not provide a universal hatch countdown, prove embryo viability or support a light, temperature, medication or handling recommendation.","carePaths":["/care/sexing"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"li-2025-hif1a-embryo-cleavage","authors":"Li et al.","year":2025,"title":"Investigating the Expression and Function of HIF-1alpha in Neocaridina davidi During Embryo Cleavage Stage","venue":"Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 25(2): TRJFAS25726","url":"https://doi.org/10.4194/trjfas25726","sourceTaxon":"Aquaculture-farm Neocaridina davidi; identification method not reported","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Farm-sourced adults maintained at 27 C with daily compound feed; dsHIF-1alpha and dsEGFP groups occupied mesh boxes within the same shrimp tank, and dissolved oxygen and other water chemistry were not reported","lifeStages":["selected adult male","selected adult female with developed gonad","attached embryo","removed cleavage-stage embryo","removed blastula-stage embryo","later staged embryo"],"topics":["anatomy","breeding","genetics","water-parameters"],"design":"The authors sequenced HIF-1alpha cDNA and profiled mRNA and protein across three gonad stages and seven named embryo stages. They then randomly assigned nominal groups of 300 females and 100 males to intramuscular injection of 600 nL dsHIF-1alpha or dsEGFP. Egg-carrying females observed within three days supplied maternal muscle and removed embryos for qPCR, western blots, glycolytic-gene assays and photographed developmental examples.","experimentalUnit":"Individual injected adult for assignment, but each treatment occupied a mesh box within one shared-water tank. Embryo expression samples pooled material from three shrimp and reported three repetitions without fully mapping females, broods, embryo counts or pools to each assay. The developmental figure shows one control sequence and three affected examples without the eligible female, clutch or embryo denominator.","endpoints":["HIF-1alpha cDNA sequence and predicted domains","stage-associated HIF-1alpha mRNA and protein","maternal muscle and embryo HIF-1alpha after dsRNA injection","embryo PFK, HK and PGK transcripts","photographed cleavage progression or arrest"],"supports":"Under the reported assays, HIF-1alpha mRNA and protein were highest at the cleavage stage relative to later named embryo stages. Maternal dsHIF-1alpha injection was associated with lower HIF-1alpha signal in maternal muscle and sampled embryos, lower expression of selected glycolytic transcripts in several cleavage or blastula comparisons, and photographed examples of delayed or arrested early development relative to the dsEGFP sequence.","limits":"The study did not assign oxygen treatments or measure dissolved oxygen, so the HIF name and pathway cannot establish aquarium hypoxia, embryo oxygen demand, aeration need, tolerance or a safe oxygen threshold. Shared tank water prevents independent environmental replication. Taxon identification was not reported, and the methods repeatedly call the shrimp crayfish. The number of egg-carrying females, clutches, embryos, affected embryos, surviving embryos and hatches was not reported, so the developmental frequency and effect size are unknown. Removed-embryo observation conditions and the selection of photographed examples were not fully described. The study did not directly label or trace dsRNA into oocytes or embryos, include an uninjected control, use a second non-overlapping HIF-1alpha dsRNA, report a rescue experiment or measure maternal survival and reproductive output; lower embryo signal therefore does not by itself prove physical intergenerational transfer or exclude off-target and maternal-condition pathways. Sample pooling and biological-replicate mapping are incomplete. Paired t-tests were used for apparently separate treatment groups and repeated stage comparisons without a reported multiplicity correction. Methods define significance at p less than 0.01, text uses p less than 0.05, captions introduce one, two and three-star levels, Figure 6 calls embryo-stage measurements muscle, and Figure 4 is titled protein expression although one panel is mRNA. The seven stage names partly borrow from Macrobrachium literature, and the representative 428-hour control sequence cannot supply a universal hatch countdown or viability test.","carePaths":["/care/sexing","/care/breeding","/care/filtration"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"pierre-2025-growth-enzymes","authors":"Pierre, Kotani and Irabor","year":2025,"title":"Experimental measurement of enzyme activity during initial crustacean growth using the ornamental shrimp, Neocaridina denticulata, as a model and changes in activity with growth","venue":"Crustacean Research 54: 19-33","url":"https://doi.org/10.18353/crustacea.54.0_19","sourceTaxon":"Cultured Neocaridina denticulata from Kagoshima University; identification method not reported","evidenceClass":"adjacent-evidence","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"One pooled juvenile rearing tank with hornwort, filtration, aeration, twice-daily 51 percent crude-protein feed and weekly 30 percent water replacement; recorded temperature 16.9 to 19.1 C","lifeStages":["pooled offspring sampled at 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after hatching","animals described as adults at 75 days after hatching or collected from the breeding tank"],"topics":["growth","feeding","anatomy","temperature"],"design":"Offspring from 25 similarly staged ovigerous females were pooled in one tank after the females were removed. Cross-sectional samples were measured at four known-age checkpoints; whole animals were homogenized in ten-animal pools for amylase, lipase and protease assays, and three 60-day juveniles plus three animals described as adults were sectioned for histology.","experimentalUnit":"Individual for destructive cross-sectional length and wet mass; ten-animal whole-body pool with three pools per enzyme checkpoint; individual section for three juvenile and three adult histology samples; every juvenile sample shared one rearing tank","endpoints":["total body length","wet mass","daily temperature, pH, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and dissolved oxygen","whole-body amylase, lipase and protease specific activity","general histological structure and organ dimensions"],"supports":"In the one pooled cohort, reported mean total length rose from 2.85 mm at day 15 to 4.67, 7.84 and 12.58 mm at days 30, 45 and 60, while mean wet mass rose from 1 to 8, 17 and 39 mg. The whole-body pools detected amylase, lipase and protease activity, with reported protease activity increasing across the four juvenile checkpoints.","limits":"Age, sampling date and changing culture history were confounded, with no parallel age-matched control or replicate rearing tank. The destructive cross-sectional samples did not follow the same individuals, family contributions and starting denominator were unknown, survival was not reported and feed amount or intake was not measured. Temperature was observed rather than assigned, so normal-looking growth cannot establish cold tolerance, an optimum or absence of adverse effects. The pH and nitrogen values varied and their exact analytical reporting bases were incomplete. Whole-body homogenates do not isolate digestive tissue, and three pools from one tank do not independently replicate an age effect. The Brunner-Munzel comparison plan, exact p-values, multiplicity handling and figure error bars were not fully reported. The three-per-stage histology comparison cannot establish isometric growth. Animals described as adults were also said to come from the breeding tank, so age and cohort identity are unclear; a 75-day label does not establish reproductive maturity. The study tested no diet, protein level, feeding frequency, digestibility, long-term health or lifespan outcome and cannot prescribe stage-specific food.","carePaths":["/care/growth","/care/feeding","/care/temperature","/care/anatomy"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"tropea-2015-temperature","authors":"Tropea, Stumpf and López Greco","year":2015,"title":"Effect of temperature on biochemical composition, growth and reproduction of the ornamental red cherry shrimp","venue":"PLOS ONE 10(3): e0119468","url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0119468","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina heteropoda heteropoda","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Laboratory aquaria at 24, 28 and 32 C","lifeStages":["eggs","hatchlings","juveniles","reproductive females"],"topics":["temperature","growth","breeding"],"design":"Egg incubation and 90-day juvenile culture were compared across three assigned temperatures.","experimentalUnit":"Brood or aquarium treatment unit, depending on endpoint","endpoints":["incubation duration","hatchlings per female","growth","survival","ovigerous females"],"supports":"Temperature changed incubation time and the shape of early growth and reproduction under the tested conditions.","limits":"It did not establish a universal ideal temperature, a lifetime effect, a lethal limit or a rule that warmer always means better growth.","carePaths":["/care/temperature","/care/growth","/care/breeding"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"balina-2018-high-temperature","authors":"Baliña et al.","year":2018,"title":"Losing Reproduction: Effect of High Temperature on Female Biochemical Composition and Egg Quality","venue":"The Biological Bulletin 234(3): 139-151","url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/698266","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Laboratory culture at 28 or 33 C for up to 200 days","lifeStages":["newly hatched juvenile","maturing female"],"topics":["temperature","breeding"],"design":"Juveniles were assigned to 28 or 33 C, and part of the warm group was later transferred to 28 C.","experimentalUnit":"Temperature treatment aquarium","endpoints":["ovarian maturation","spawning","recovery after transfer"],"supports":"The tested 33 C treatment suppressed ovarian maturation and spawning, and transferred females later resumed reproductive development.","limits":"This was not an acute lethal test and does not define a safe interval, home heater setting or lifetime boundary.","carePaths":["/care/temperature","/care/breeding"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"tomas-2021-temperature","authors":"Tomas et al.","year":2021,"title":"Body coloration, carotenoid content, spermatophore quality and biochemical parameters by effect of temperature","venue":"Acta Zoologica 102(3): 297-309","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/azo.12336","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Laboratory aquaria at 20, 24 and 28 C","lifeStages":["adult male","adult female"],"topics":["temperature","breeding","colour"],"design":"Reproductive, pigmentation and biochemical outcomes were compared across three assigned temperatures.","experimentalUnit":"Temperature treatment aquarium","endpoints":["survival","ovarian maturation","ovigerous females","weight","colour","spermatophore quality"],"supports":"Lower temperature delayed ovarian maturation in this protocol while survival remained above 90 percent in every treatment.","limits":"It does not make every temperature in the tested range equivalent or establish chronic survival outside the study duration.","carePaths":["/care/temperature","/care/breeding","/care/colours"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"vazquez-2017-density","authors":"Vazquez et al.","year":2017,"title":"Density and gender segregation effects in the culture of the caridean ornamental red cherry shrimp Neocaridina davidi Bouvier, 1904 (Caridea: Atyidae)","venue":"Journal of Crustacean Biology 37(4): 367-373","url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcbiol/rux051","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Two-litre culture vessels at 27 +/- 1 C with 0.7 g Java moss, continuous aeration and weekly complete water replacement","lifeStages":["newly hatched juvenile","sexually distinguishable juvenile"],"topics":["stocking","growth","breeding"],"design":"Newly hatched shrimp were randomly assigned to 2.5, 5 or 10 animals/L for 90 days in 2 L vessels containing 5, 10 or 20 shrimp. The results table reports 8, 9 and 7 vessel replicates, respectively. A second experiment randomly assigned ten 30-day juveniles to each of five mixed-sex, five female-only and five male-only vessels at 5 animals/L.","experimentalUnit":"Two-litre vessel. Shrimp in each vessel were weighed together every 30 days in the density experiment, so the repeated response was vessel mean mass rather than an individually tracked trajectory. Whole-vessel biochemical homogenates were pooled across replicates when biomass was insufficient.","endpoints":["vessel mean wet mass through 90 days","model-estimated survival","phenotypic sex ratio","presence of ovigerous females","whole-vessel glycogen, lipid and protein concentration","mixed-sex versus monosex vessel mean mass and survival"],"supports":"Under the tested juvenile grow-out conditions, vessel mean mass diverged after day 30 and was lower at 10 animals/L than at 2.5 or 5 animals/L by days 60 and 90. Final females at 2.5 animals/L were 45 percent heavier than females at 10 animals/L, males at 2.5 animals/L were heavier than males at both higher densities, and model-estimated 90-day survival did not differ statistically among densities. Monosex versus mixed culture did not change mean mass or survival in the second experiment.","limits":"This does not establish shrimp per gallon, a home-aquarium carrying capacity, a disease or welfare threshold, or a minimum starter group. The units were small juvenile grow-out vessels with daily food described as ad libitum and approximately 4 percent of vessel biomass, continuous aeration, weekly complete water replacement and removal of every new offspring. Individuals were not tracked, starting vessel counts were unequal across densities, brood and family contributions were not reported, food intake was not measured, and ovigerous presence was recorded without egg, hatch or recruitment outcomes. Survival percentages were model estimates rather than raw tank-wide guarantees. Biochemical samples sometimes pooled vessel replicates, weakening the original unit boundary. Ninety days does not represent a mixed-age, multigeneration colony or lifetime health.","carePaths":["/care/stocking","/care/growth","/care/surplus","/care/water-changes"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"schoolmann-2018-population","authors":"Schoolmann and Arndt","year":2018,"title":"Population dynamics of Neocaridina davidi in the thermally polluted Gillbach stream","venue":"Limnologica 71: 1-7","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.limno.2018.05.001","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi","evidenceClass":"field-observation","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Thermally affected German stream followed for 27 months","lifeStages":["field population","ovigerous female"],"topics":["growth","breeding","wild-populations"],"design":"Repeated field sampling described population structure, reproduction and dispersal.","experimentalUnit":"Field samples from one invaded stream system","endpoints":["size-frequency structure","ovigerous females","population persistence","dispersal"],"supports":"A reproducing feral population persisted and dispersed under the recorded field conditions.","limits":"Field estimates do not establish aquarium lifespan, a species temperature optimum or a release-safe climate.","carePaths":["/care/growth","/care/species","/care/surplus"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"jablonska-2018-oder-occurrence","authors":"Jablonska et al.","year":2018,"title":"First record and DNA barcodes of the aquarium shrimp, Neocaridina davidi, in Central Europe from thermally polluted River Oder canal, Poland","venue":"Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems 419: 14","url":"https://doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2018004","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi identified by morphology and a 610-base-pair COI fragment","evidenceClass":"field-observation","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"A roughly 4.5 km artificial canal connected to the lower River Oder near Gryfino, Poland, receiving heated Dolna Odra Power Station cooling water, with fine sand and mud substrate, partial concrete banks and submerged vegetation","lifeStages":["field-collected male","field-collected female","one ovigerous field female","amateur-aquarium comparison animal"],"topics":["taxonomy","wild-populations","temperature","breeding","genetics"],"design":"Qualitative hydrobiological hand-net samples collected field shrimp in July 2003, November 2013 and June 2017. Morphology was compared with published descriptions. COI sequences from field and amateur-aquarium animals were aligned with five Taiwan and Hawaii reference sequences, assigned to haplotypes and placed in a neighbour-joining tree.","experimentalUnit":"Collected animal nested within three field collection events and one aquarium comparison source. Only June 2017 reports standardized effort: one square metre sampled for approximately 15 minutes. The 2003 formaldehyde-preserved sample was unavailable for COI analysis.","endpoints":["field occurrence by year","sex and ovigerous status","body length and diagnostic morphology","610-base-pair COI sequence","haplotype assignment","neighbour-joining placement"],"supports":"Fifteen field shrimp were found in three positive collection years spanning 2003 to 2017, including one ovigerous female in November 2013. Morphology and seven field COI accessions supported N. davidi identity. The seven field and six amateur-aquarium sequences generated by the study shared one COI haplotype, supporting close mitochondrial similarity within that comparison.","limits":"The three positive years were not continuous monitoring, and qualitative sampling with mostly unreported effort cannot estimate abundance, density, occupancy, population trend or detection probability. One ovigerous female supports reproductive condition, not observed hatching, recruitment or proof that local reproduction maintained the records. The authors explicitly retained repeated yearly introductions as an alternative. The canal was artificially heated; the paper reports 27 to 29 C in June-July and 15 C in November but no winter minimum, winter sample, thermal time series or comparison site. It cannot establish cold tolerance, winter survival, a home temperature range or a 27 to 28 C breeding optimum. A shared short mitochondrial haplotype does not trace an aquarium source, seller, release event, nuclear ancestry or transfer direction. The study measured no survival, growth, water chemistry beyond temperature, ecological impact, pathogen transfer or control outcome. Failure to find a threat is not proof of no impact, and field occurrence never makes release safe.","carePaths":["/care/species","/care/surplus","/care/temperature","/care/breeding"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"sidorovskyi-2026-ukraine-occurrence","authors":"Sidorovskyi","year":2026,"title":"First findings in Ukraine and current distribution trends of Neocaridina davidi in freshwaters of Europe","venue":"Fisheries Science of Ukraine 1(75): 98-114","url":"https://doi.org/10.61976/fsu2026.01.098","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi","evidenceClass":"field-observation","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Two urban water bodies in Kharkiv, Ukraine, surveyed between June 2020 and December 2025","lifeStages":["field-collected adult","ovigerous female"],"topics":["wild-populations","temperature","breeding","taxonomy"],"design":"Hydrobiological dip-net collections at two coordinates were preserved in 96 percent ethanol and identified by stereomicroscopy; later visits were used to report non-detection after the initial records.","experimentalUnit":"Field collection event at either of two Kharkiv water bodies; sampling frequency, effort and detection probability were not reported","endpoints":["specimen occurrence","body length","sex count","ovigerous-female count","later non-detection","site context"],"supports":"The article documents 10 and 6 shrimp at one site in 2020 and 2021, seven at a second site in 2024, ovigerous females in every positive collection and later non-detection at both sites.","limits":"Later non-detection does not prove extinction because sampling effort and detectability were not reported. Identification was described as stereomicroscopy without diagnostic character results or a molecular confirmation. The end of warm runoff was not an assigned temperature treatment, and no released source stock was traced. The observations do not establish a thermal threshold, prove release causation or make any climate release-safe.","carePaths":["/care/species","/care/surplus"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"mitsugi-2018-life-history","authors":"Mitsugi and Suzuki","year":2018,"title":"Life history of an invasive freshwater shrimp Neocaridina davidi in the Tomoe River","venue":"Crustacean Research 47: 9-16","url":"https://doi.org/10.18353/crustacea.47.0_9","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi","evidenceClass":"field-observation","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Tomoe River, eastern Japan, sampled monthly for one year","lifeStages":["field population"],"topics":["growth","anatomy","taxonomy","wild-populations"],"design":"Monthly field samples were used for morphology, size-frequency cohorts and inferred life history.","experimentalUnit":"Monthly river sample","endpoints":["body and carapace length","sex characters","cohort structure","inferred lifespan"],"supports":"Defined measurement landmarks and field cohort estimates for the sampled population.","limits":"Individuals were not marked from hatch to death, and the inferred lifespan is not an aquarium average or guarantee.","carePaths":["/care/anatomy","/care/sexing","/care/growth","/care/species"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"fairfield-2020-molecular-age-markers","authors":"Fairfield","year":2020,"title":"Ageing the unageable: investigating novel methods of ageing crustaceans","venue":"Doctoral thesis, University of East Anglia","url":"https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/79834/","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi","evidenceClass":"adjacent-evidence","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Commercial red cherry shrimp reared in university cohort aquaria containing equal parts dechlorinated tap and reverse-osmosis water at 22 to 24 C and fed commercial fish wafers ad libitum","lifeStages":["egg","post-hatching cohort from 40 to 210 days after the bounded fertilization date"],"topics":["growth","genetics"],"design":"Two cross-sectional analytical-method studies compared proposed molecular age markers across bounded-age aquarium cohorts. One measured global DNA methylation in 100 samples from four age groups using a commercial ELISA kit. The other sequenced amplified mitochondrial DNA from 151 samples across seven age groups, with 128 empirical samples passing sequencing and mapping quality control and 127 retained after the prespecified influence review removed one 40-day outlier.","experimentalUnit":"Individual tissue sample nested within one selected cohort aquarium for each sampled age group. Cohorts began with 5 to 7 berried females fertilized within eight days of one another, age was assigned from the first female fertilization date and therefore represented a maximum rather than exact age, and the 7-day egg group came from one female. The thesis does not establish independent replicate cohort tanks within an age comparison.","endpoints":["global DNA methylation by ELISA","ELISA technical and plate variability","mitochondrial sequence coverage","point heteroplasmy count","haplotype reconstruction","variant-caller and technical-replicate checks"],"supports":"After recalibrating inconsistent ELISA standards, global DNA methylation differed across the four age groups because the 40-day group was higher than juvenile and adult groups; juvenile and adult groups did not differ. The author concluded that this kit-based global measure was not a reliable chronological-age marker. Across approximately 6 kb of mitochondrial sequence in 127 retained shrimp, the number of point heteroplasmies did not differ among seven groups from 7 to 210 days after fertilization once one influential 40-day animal was removed. The second method therefore did not yield a usable age marker under this protocol.","limits":"This was not a hatch-to-death survival or lifespan study. The repeatedly cited approximately 13-month captive lifespan came from another source and was used only to describe sampling coverage. One selected tank per age group leaves age inseparable from cohort-tank, family and shared-history effects; the egg group came from one mother; age windows were based on fertilization rather than observed hatch; sex, family contributions, starting denominators, deaths and censoring were not reported; and only 5 of 9 sampled 210-day animals passed quality control. The methylation result depended on recalibrated controls after only 30 of 100 raw readings fell within the supplied standard curves, with 61.7 percent inter-plate variation before recalibration. Probable amplification of nuclear mitochondrial copies affected roughly 9.5 kb, technical replicate counts agreed only 71 percent of the time and the retained approximately 6 kb represented about 39 percent of the mitogenome. Cross-sectional destructive samples were different animals, not longitudinal records. Do not use this source to claim a 13-month lifespan, label an individual old, infer age from appearance, sell an age test, establish line inheritance or diagnose oxidative damage.","carePaths":["/care/growth","/care/genetics"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"budi-2020-ovary","authors":"Budi et al.","year":2020,"title":"Some fecundity parameters and ovarian maturity criteria of ornamental red cherry shrimp","venue":"Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 44(2): 456-462","url":"https://doi.org/10.3906/vet-1910-13","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Laboratory culture of a red stock at 28 to 29 C","lifeStages":["maturing female","ovigerous female"],"topics":["anatomy","breeding"],"design":"Visible ovary stages were paired with histology and fecundity observations.","experimentalUnit":"Individual female","endpoints":["ovarian stage","histology","fecundity"],"supports":"A visible ovary can support female-sex and ovarian-stage observations under the documented criteria.","limits":"A hidden ovary does not prove male sex, and the stage timing is not a universal spawning countdown.","carePaths":["/care/anatomy","/care/sexing","/care/breeding"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"sonakowska-2015-digestive-anatomy","authors":"Sonakowska et al.","year":2015,"title":"Structure and ultrastructure of the endodermal region of the alimentary tract in the freshwater shrimp Neocaridina heteropoda","venue":"PLOS ONE 10(5): e0126900","url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0126900","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina heteropoda","evidenceClass":"morphology-taxonomy","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Laboratory microscopy and microtomography","lifeStages":["adult"],"topics":["anatomy","feeding"],"design":"Digestive structures were examined with microtomography, light microscopy and electron microscopy.","experimentalUnit":"Prepared animal and tissue specimen","endpoints":["intestine structure","hepatopancreas structure","cell ultrastructure"],"supports":"Method-confirmed internal digestive anatomy in the source taxon.","limits":"An ordinary tank photograph cannot identify these internal organs, function or disease from colour alone.","carePaths":["/care/anatomy","/care/feeding","/care/health"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"sonakowska-2016-midgut-cell-death","authors":"Sonakowska et al.","year":2016,"title":"Cell Death in the Epithelia of the Intestine and Hepatopancreas in Neocaridina heteropoda (Crustacea, Malacostraca)","venue":"PLOS ONE 11(2): e0147582","url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0147582","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina heteropoda obtained from local breeders; no host-identification method reported","evidenceClass":"morphology-taxonomy","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Adults maintained in 30 L laboratory aquaria at 24 C, pH 7 and 15 degrees German total hardness and fed a commercial freshwater-shrimp food","lifeStages":["adult male","adult female"],"topics":["anatomy","health"],"design":"Light, transmission-electron and confocal microscopy, acid-phosphatase and LysoTracker staining, TUNEL labeling and JC-1 flow cytometry were used to describe autophagy, apoptosis, necrosis and mitochondrial potential in intestine and hepatopancreas tissue from method-specific adult groups. No external stressor or disease treatment was assigned.","experimentalUnit":"Prepared tissue or cell suspension from method-specific adult specimens: 15 females and 15 males for general microscopy, three adults for quantitative necrosis and autophagy cell counts, two for TEM acid-phosphatase staining, 10 females and 10 males for cryosections, five pooled within each organ suspension preparation and seven for JC-1 flow cytometry; the TUNEL animal denominator was not stated","endpoints":["cell-type and organ location","autophagic structures","TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells","necrotic-cell morphology","mitochondrial membrane potential","sex comparison"],"supports":"Under the described laboratory history and without an assigned external stressor, the examined adult tissues contained autophagic, apoptotic and occasional necrotic cells. Autophagy was observed in mature intestine D cells and hepatopancreas B and F cells, apoptosis in anterior-intestine D cells and proximal hepatopancreas B and F cells, while regenerative cells showed none of the three reported processes. The study did not report a statistically significant intestine-versus-hepatopancreas difference in cells with depolarized mitochondria.","limits":"This is destructive cellular and tissue evidence, not a visible home diagnosis or a disease experiment. Breeder source, sex and adult status were reported, but host identification, age, molt stage, reproductive state, tank count, animals per tank, acclimation duration, health screening, water-test methods and the TUNEL animal denominator were not. Method groups differed and their overlap was not reported. Cell counts were nested within only three adults for the necrosis and autophagy percentages, TUNEL used an arbitrary fluorescence threshold and sex-specific values or tests were not shown. Table 1 prints 938 autophagic cells from 231 total for intestine specimen 3 even though the displayed 40.26 percent implies 93. The results do not establish a gross sign, pathogen, cause of illness, welfare state, treatment target, aquarium optimum or safe exposure, and the maintained 24 C, pH 7 and 15 degree hardness history was not an assigned comparison.","carePaths":["/care/anatomy","/care/health"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"tomas-2019-male-anatomy","authors":"Tomas et al.","year":2019,"title":"New insights in the male anatomy, spermatophore formation, and sperm structure in Atyidae","venue":"Invertebrate Biology 138(1): 17-28","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ivb.12239","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi","evidenceClass":"morphology-taxonomy","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Laboratory dissection and microscopy","lifeStages":["mature male"],"topics":["anatomy","breeding"],"design":"Male reproductive structures and spermatophore formation were described with dissection and microscopy.","experimentalUnit":"Prepared individual male and tissue specimen","endpoints":["testis and vas deferens anatomy","spermatophore formation","sperm structure"],"supports":"Method-confirmed male reproductive anatomy.","limits":"It does not make internal reproductive organs visible or diagnosable in an ordinary aquarium image.","carePaths":["/care/anatomy","/care/sexing","/care/breeding"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"wild-2025-histology-methods","authors":"Wild et al.","year":2025,"title":"Enhancing Histological Techniques for Small Crustaceans: Evaluation of Fixation, Decalcification, and Enzymatic Digestion in Neocaridina Shrimp","venue":"Animals 15(12): 1715","url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15121715","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina genus, cherry-red breeder line without species-level identification","evidenceClass":"adjacent-evidence","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Post-mortem laboratory histology comparison after rearing in three 24 L nursery tanks","lifeStages":["approximately 240-day-old intermolt shrimp about 15 mm long"],"topics":["anatomy","health"],"design":"Sixty euthanized shrimp were divided across 12 fixation and processing variants, implying five individuals per variant and confirmed as n = 5 for nucleus-area results. Neutral-buffered formalin, Bouin fluid and Davidson fluid were compared alone and after trypsin digestion, hydrochloric-acid decalcification or abdomen removal before fixation and decalcification.","experimentalUnit":"Individual post-mortem specimen within a five-shrimp processing variant; five slides with three sections each and 150 measured muscle nuclei per specimen were subsamples, not additional independent animals","endpoints":["section fragility and tearing","subjective fixation, autolysis and staining scores","muscle-cell nucleus area","digital RGB staining measurements","hepatopancreas, ventral nerve cord and muscle preservation"],"supports":"Histological appearance in Neocaridina specimens depends strongly on fixation and processing. Davidson fluid gave the best unmodified preservation among the three tested fixatives, while trypsin and acid decalcification could add tissue damage, autolysis or staining artifacts; abdomen removal followed by Davidson fixation and decalcification scored best overall in this laboratory comparison.","limits":"This was a post-mortem laboratory method study, not a live-animal health, diagnosis, treatment or husbandry experiment. The source identified animals only to genus and used one breeder line, did not report sex, random allocation, assessor blinding, inter-rater agreement or tank-to-treatment balance, and used only five animals per variant. Multiple sections, nuclei and pixels are specimen subsamples. Subjective score sums were reported without uncertainty, and one-way ANOVA with Fisher NIR post hoc testing does not remove small-group or multiplicity concerns. Autolysis and altered staining can be preparation artifacts rather than evidence of illness before death. The chemicals and dissection steps are hazardous laboratory procedures, and the reported 40 mg/L MS222 method lacks time-to-death, confirmation and buffering details, so it is not a validated home euthanasia protocol.","carePaths":["/care/anatomy"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"li-2025-hif-molt","authors":"Li et al.","year":2025,"title":"Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha modulates muscle growth and the molting process through its regulation of glycolysis in Neocaridina davidi","venue":"Journal of Biological Chemistry 301(7): 110298","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbc.2025.110298","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Laboratory physiological and molecular experiment","lifeStages":["juvenile or adult research animals across molt stages"],"topics":["anatomy","growth","filtration"],"design":"Histology, molecular manipulation and physiological measurements were compared across molt-related conditions.","experimentalUnit":"Animal or prepared tissue, depending on endpoint","endpoints":["gene expression","muscle metabolism","heart rate","gill ventilation","molting"],"supports":"Mechanistic involvement of HIF-1 alpha and glycolysis in the tested growth and molt physiology.","limits":"The culture dissolved-oxygen range is not a tested aquarium minimum, and visible branchial movement cannot diagnose the pathway.","carePaths":["/care/anatomy","/care/molting","/care/filtration"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"gao-2024-cuticle-calcium-proteins","authors":"Gao, Duan, Sun and Zhang","year":2024,"title":"Molecular cloning and functional analysis of two calcium-associated cuticular protein genes in Neocaridina denticulata sinensis","venue":"Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 42","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-024-3211-0","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina denticulata sinensis","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Laboratory molt staging, molecular manipulation, microscopy and isolated-protein assays","lifeStages":["research shrimp at premolt, intermolt and postmolt stages"],"topics":["molting","anatomy","water-parameters"],"design":"Two calcium-associated cuticle genes were cloned and profiled across molt stages and tissues. Small stage-matched groups received RNA interference, cuticle structure was examined by electron microscopy and recombinant proteins were tested for calcium and chitin binding.","experimentalUnit":"Individual shrimp, prepared tissue or isolated-protein assay, depending on endpoint; several RNA interference comparisons used three to five shrimp per group","endpoints":["molt-stage gene expression","cuticle ultrastructure","calcium binding","chitin binding","calcium carbonate precipitation"],"supports":"NdCAP-1 and NdCAP-2 expression varied by molt stage and tissue, gene knockdown changed cuticle surface structure and the recombinant proteins bound calcium and chitin under the tested assays.","limits":"The study did not assign water calcium, magnesium, GH or diet treatments. Its small molecular-manipulation groups do not establish a hardness target, diagnose an incomplete molt or show that a mineral supplement prevents failure.","carePaths":["/care/molting","/care/anatomy","/care/parameters"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"feng-2025-crustin-protease","authors":"Feng et al.","year":2025,"title":"A type I crustin with an inhibitory effect on proteases and strong binding capacity to chitin from Neocaridina denticulata sinensis","venue":"Comparative Immunology Reports 8: 200226","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cirep.2025.200226","sourceTaxon":"Market-source Neocaridina denticulata sinensis without reported voucher or diagnostic identity confirmation","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"neocaridina-complex","environment":"Market-source shrimp held at 25 C in aerated circulating water, followed by tissue expression work and isolated recombinant-protein assays","lifeStages":["healthy research shrimp reported as 1.5 +/- 0.5 cm"],"topics":["anatomy","health"],"design":"The NdCrus1 cDNA was cloned, transcript abundance was compared across ten tissues from three healthy shrimp, recombinant NdCrus1 was expressed in Escherichia coli, and the purified protein was tested against bacterial growth, selected proteases, chitin materials, reducing conditions and heat pretreatment.","experimentalUnit":"Individual shrimp or tissue RNA for expression work and a bacterial culture, protein reaction or material-binding preparation for in vitro endpoints; three replicates were commonly reported, but biological and technical replication was not mapped clearly for every assay","endpoints":["tissue transcript abundance","bacterial growth and inhibition zones","purified and bacterial protease inhibition","chitin and chitosan binding","activity after reducing-agent exposure","activity after purified-protein heat pretreatment"],"supports":"NdCrus1 was cloned and its recombinant protein inhibited proteinase K and proteases in selected bacterial preparations, showed qualitative binding to chitin materials, and lost inhibitory activity after stronger reducing or heat pretreatments. It did not significantly inhibit growth of Bacillus subtilis or Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the reported bacterial-growth assay.","limits":"The study did not challenge living shrimp, manipulate NdCrus1 in living shrimp or measure survival, clinical signs, pathogen load, clearance, transmission or protection. An antimicrobial-peptide family label and in vitro protease inhibition do not establish disease resistance, diagnosis or treatment. Qualitative chitin and chitosan binding does not validate a feed, prebiotic, supplement, molting aid or dose. The 30 to 100 C pretreatments were applied to purified recombinant protein and are not shrimp temperature-tolerance or aquarium-care tests. Tissue expression used only three animals and the ovary and testis sampling allocation was unclear. No voucher, morphological diagnosis or molecular identity confirmation was reported for market-source animals.","carePaths":["/care/health"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"feng-2026-trypsin","authors":"Feng et al.","year":2026,"title":"Physiological and biochemical characterization of trypsin from Neocaridina denticulata sinensis and its roles in ontogenesis and immune response","venue":"PLOS ONE 21(2): e0342746","url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0342746","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina denticulata sinensis","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"neocaridina-complex","environment":"Market-sourced shrimp acclimated for seven days in recirculating laboratory aquaria at 25 C, followed by molecular assays, injected bacterial challenge and isolated recombinant-protein tests","lifeStages":["embryo","larva","juvenile or adult research shrimp"],"topics":["anatomy","breeding","feeding","health"],"design":"The NdTryp gene was cloned, expression was profiled across tissues and nine embryonic stages, in situ hybridization localized transcripts, RNA interference was followed by injected Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge, and recombinant protein activity was tested in vitro.","experimentalUnit":"Individual shrimp for animal endpoints, usually three animals per group or time point; the wording for pooled embryonic samples does not clearly separate the three individuals from the stated three biological replicates, and recombinant-enzyme measurements used technical triplicates","endpoints":["tissue and developmental expression","hepatopancreatic localization","RNA interference knockdown","histopathology after bacterial injection","recombinant enzyme activity"],"supports":"NdTryp expression was highest in the hepatopancreas and localized mainly to R cells and epithelial cells lining its tubules. Expression appeared late in embryonic development, rose after the tested bacterial injection, and knockdown before challenge was associated with more severe hepatopancreatic damage than the dsEGFP challenged control.","limits":"The injected laboratory challenge, small animal groups and ambiguous embryonic pooling do not establish natural infection, diagnosis, treatment, survival or pathogen clearance. The recombinant enzyme optima and 20 mM ion assays are not aquarium pH, temperature, mineral, copper or cadmium targets. No feeding trial tested trypsin as an additive, digestibility aid or growth treatment, and no explicitly described uninfected RNA interference histology control isolates knockdown injury from infection interaction.","carePaths":["/care/anatomy","/care/breeding","/care/feeding","/care/health"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"luan-2025-sesquiterpenoid-hepatopancreas","authors":"Luan et al.","year":2025,"title":"Sesquiterpenoid Hormones Farnesoic Acid and Methyl Farnesoate Regulate Different Gene Sets in Shrimp Neocaridina davidi Hepatopancreas","venue":"Biomolecules 15(6): 815","url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biom15060815","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Excised hepatopancreas tissue cultured at 25 C in Schneider's Drosophila medium with 1 ppm farnesoic acid or methyl farnesoate","lifeStages":["adult female with a developed ovary"],"topics":["anatomy","breeding","feeding","growth"],"design":"Hepatopancreases from mature red females were pooled in threes, exposed outside the animal to farnesoic acid or methyl farnesoate and compared by RNA sequencing, pathway analysis and qPCR.","experimentalUnit":"Pooled hepatopancreas sample from three females, with three pooled samples per condition for the 3-hour RNA sequencing comparison","endpoints":["differential gene expression","pathway enrichment","qPCR agreement"],"supports":"Excised female hepatopancreas tissue showed different short-term gene-expression responses to the two tested sesquiterpenoid hormones, including digestive-enzyme-associated transcripts after farnesoic acid exposure.","limits":"This was an excised-organ experiment, not a whole-animal feeding, water, growth, molt, reproduction or safety trial. The paper does not document a hormone stock solvent or a matched vehicle control, and its sequencing wording does not make the timing of the control collection fully clear. Pathway labels and gene expression do not establish improved digestion, immunity, growth or vitellogenesis.","carePaths":["/care/anatomy","/care/breeding","/care/feeding","/care/growth"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"chen-2025-dietary-methyl-farnesoate","authors":"Chen et al.","year":2025,"title":"Effects of Methyl Farnesoate on the Growth and Antioxidant Capacity of Neocaridina denticulata","venue":"Antioxidants 14(6): 635","url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14060635","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina denticulata","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Forty-day laboratory feeding study at 26 C with a 14-hour light and 10-hour dark cycle and recirculating filtration","lifeStages":["one-week-old juvenile"],"topics":["feeding","growth","health"],"design":"One hundred twenty juveniles were assigned to a basal diet or feed containing 0.4, 4 or 40 micrograms methyl farnesoate per kilogram, with repeated length measurements and end-point biochemical and transcriptomic assays.","experimentalUnit":"Not recoverable as an independent tank unit: the paper describes four diet groups but does not report replicate tanks; RNA sequencing used three individual shrimp per group","endpoints":["body length growth rate","digestive enzyme activity","oxidative-stress assays","whole-animal gene expression"],"supports":"The reported length, enzyme, oxidative-stress and gene-expression outcomes varied with dietary methyl farnesoate concentration and time in the study population.","limits":"The paper does not describe replicated tanks, so diet may be confounded with one group or culture system and individual shrimp do not repair that treatment-level replication problem. The control feed is not explicitly described as ethanol-vehicle matched, and prepared-feed hormone concentration, stability, leaching, intake and internal dose were not verified. Survival, reproduction, long-term safety and withdrawal were not established. This study cannot support a home additive, water dose, growth product or breeding treatment.","carePaths":["/care/feeding","/care/growth","/care/health"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"antcliffe-2026-carcass-oxygen","authors":"Antcliffe et al.","year":2026,"title":"Rapid oxygen drawdown in decay experiments on marine (Palaemon varians) and freshwater (Neocaridina davidi) shrimps","venue":"Royal Society Open Science 13(3): 251712","url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.251712","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi, with Palaemon varians as a marine comparison","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Individual euthanized adult carcasses in 20 mL closed or 100 mL open reverse-osmosis deionized freshwater at 21 C, plus a separate open-water anatomical decay sequence","lifeStages":["adult carcass after experimental euthanasia"],"topics":["anatomy","filtration","health"],"design":"Oxygen saturation was followed for mostly 48 hours in open and closed carcass containers with carcass-free controls. A separate group of freshwater carcasses was scored daily for ten days for internal and external post-mortem change.","experimentalUnit":"Individual adult carcass in one container: three open and five closed freshwater oxygen containers; controls were carcass-free containers but their per-condition allocation was not clearly reported. A separate 12-carcass freshwater sequence supplied daily morphology scores.","endpoints":["oxygen saturation near or around the carcass","hourly oxygen change","post-mortem internal and external morphology scores"],"supports":"In the tested 20 mL closed freshwater vials, a single adult N. davidi carcass drove oxygen saturation to complete drawdown within about one day. Open 100 mL freshwater bottles remained above full anoxia but every carcass run became at least dysoxic by 48 hours. Separate daily scoring showed rapid internal tissue opacity before major external collapse.","limits":"The one-carcass-per-20-or-100-mL reverse-osmosis-water systems had no filter, substrate, plants, aeration, scavengers or living tankmates and cannot be scaled to a home aquarium, a tank-wide oxygen prediction or a removal deadline. Oxygen was reported as percent saturation and measured locally or in the tiny vial, not as aquarium mg/L. Freshwater oxygen groups were small, with three open and five closed containers, control allocation was unclear, oxygen and anatomy sequences used different euthanasia methods, and the work did not measure disease transmission, tankmate outcomes or cause of death. Clove oil and magnesium chloride methods are not home euthanasia protocols.","carePaths":["/care/anatomy","/care/filtration","/care/health","/care/algae"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"viau-2016-zero-exchange","authors":"Viau et al.","year":2016,"title":"Assessment of a biofilm-based culture system within zero water exchange on water quality and shrimp survival and growth","venue":"Aquaculture Research 47(8): 2528-2542","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/are.12701","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina heteropoda heteropoda","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Aerated laboratory biofilm culture with zero routine water exchange","lifeStages":["juvenile"],"topics":["filtration","habitat","growth","nitrogen"],"design":"Water quality, biofilm processes, survival and growth were measured in a designed culture system.","experimentalUnit":"Culture vessel or substrate treatment unit","endpoints":["nitrogen compounds","dissolved oxygen","survival","growth"],"supports":"A deliberately designed and aerated biofilm system can contribute to water processing and juvenile culture.","limits":"It does not validate an unaerated jar, every visible home biofilm, a no-water-change rule or a filterless aquarium.","carePaths":["/care/filtration","/care/habitat","/care/water-changes","/care/parameters"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"viau-2020-life-cycle","authors":"Viau et al.","year":2020,"title":"Breeding and life cycle of the ornamental freshwater shrimp Neocaridina davidi in a biofilm-based culture system","venue":"Aquaculture Research 51: 3847-3864","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/are.14733","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Designed laboratory biofilm culture across substrate treatments","lifeStages":["hatchling","juvenile","adult","breeding female"],"topics":["feeding","habitat","breeding","growth"],"design":"The full life cycle and juvenile outcomes were followed while comparing conditioned artificial substrates.","experimentalUnit":"Substrate treatment culture unit","endpoints":["juvenile survival","growth","biomass","biochemical reserves","reproduction"],"supports":"The tested biofilm community supported the life cycle and substrate treatment changed juvenile outcomes.","limits":"It does not establish that any home-aquarium film is complete food or that tank age measures grazing value.","carePaths":["/care/feeding","/care/habitat","/care/algae","/care/breeding","/care/cycling"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"pantaleao-2015-starvation","authors":"Pantaleão et al.","year":2015,"title":"Nutritional vulnerability in early stages of the freshwater ornamental red cherry shrimp Neocaridina davidi","venue":"Journal of Crustacean Biology 35(5): 676-681","url":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1937240X-00002357","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Laboratory starvation and refeeding experiment","lifeStages":["early juvenile"],"topics":["feeding","growth"],"design":"Early stages received defined starvation and refeeding sequences.","experimentalUnit":"Culture vessel within feeding treatment","endpoints":["survival","point of no return","recovery after feeding"],"supports":"Early life stages differed in nutritional vulnerability under the tested sequences.","limits":"A starvation endpoint is not a recommended fasting interval, proof of adequate biofilm or a home feeding schedule.","carePaths":["/care/feeding","/care/breeding"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"sonakowska-2017-refeeding","authors":"Sonakowska et al.","year":2017,"title":"The effect of starvation and re-feeding on mitochondrial potential in the midgut of Neocaridina davidi","venue":"PLOS ONE 12(3): e0173563","url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0173563","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Laboratory starvation and refeeding experiment with tissue analysis","lifeStages":["adult"],"topics":["feeding","anatomy","health"],"design":"Midgut cell and mitochondrial responses were compared through starvation and refeeding periods.","experimentalUnit":"Animal and prepared midgut tissue","endpoints":["cell structure","mitochondrial potential","regeneration after refeeding"],"supports":"Starvation and refeeding changed method-confirmed midgut cell outcomes.","limits":"It does not establish a routine fast, nutritional adequacy, a safe missed-feeding duration or a diagnosis from appearance.","carePaths":["/care/feeding","/care/anatomy","/care/health"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"wlodarczyk-2019-autophagy-refeeding","authors":"Włodarczyk, Student and Rost-Roszkowska","year":2019,"title":"Autophagy and apoptosis in starved and re-fed Neocaridina davidi (Crustacea, Malacostraca) midgut","venue":"Canadian Journal of Zoology 97(4): 294-303","url":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2018-0104","sourceTaxon":"Adult male and female Neocaridina davidi obtained from local shrimp breeders","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Adults came from one 40-litre laboratory tank at 21 C, pH 7 and printed total hardness of 10 degrees d, then were isolated in shaded 250 mL containers with algae suppressed, excrement and exuviae removed and 10 percent of the water replaced daily","lifeStages":["adult"],"topics":["feeding","anatomy","health"],"design":"Adults were deprived of feed for 7, 14 or 21 days, and subsets were re-fed for 4, 7 or 14 days. TEM, TUNEL, LysoTracker and caspase-3 methods assessed intestine and hepatopancreas cells. Non-starved reference values and images were imported from a 2016 paper rather than produced as a concurrent control group.","experimentalUnit":"Shrimp were isolated individually, but Table 1 lists 10 TEM animals and 8 animals for each confocal method in most groups while quantitative Tables 2 and 3 report n = 5; animal reuse, pooling and the cell-to-animal analysis hierarchy are not resolved","endpoints":["midgut cell ultrastructure","autophagosome-bearing cell percentage","TUNEL-labelled cell percentage","qualitative LysoTracker signal","qualitative caspase-3 signal","unquantified mortality during 21-day deprivation"],"supports":"Within this linked laboratory series, 7 and 14 days without feed were associated with more reported autophagosome-bearing midgut cells, and tissue descriptions after 14 days included fewer organelles and less reserve material. After re-feeding, qualitative tissue structure and the reported cellular markers moved toward the earlier non-starved reference.","limits":"This paper reused the prior experimental procedure and imported its non-starved controls, so it is not independent replication and does not provide a concurrent baseline. Most animals deprived for 21 days reportedly died, but mortality counts, timing and survival analysis were absent; the paper says that group was not quantitatively analyzed even though Table 1 lists post-21-day TEM specimens. Re-feeding food amount, frequency and intake were not reported. Table 1 animal counts conflict with the n = 5 quantitative tables, the nested cell and animal hierarchy is unclear, random allocation and blinding were not reported, and the t tests omit comparison pairs, assumptions, exact p values and multiplicity handling. Table 3 prints zero means with positive standard deviations for nonnegative percentages, which is internally impossible. Caspase-3 and LysoTracker results were qualitative, marker validation was limited, and the TUNEL threshold was described as arbitrary. The study measured no growth, molting, behaviour, reproduction, longevity or whole-animal recovery and cannot establish a routine fast, safe missed-feeding interval, re-feeding recipe, home diagnosis or health benefit.","carePaths":["/care/feeding","/care/anatomy","/care/health"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"wlodarczyk-2019-ros-fasting","authors":"Włodarczyk et al.","year":2019,"title":"Relationship between ROS production, MnSOD activation and periods of fasting and re-feeding in freshwater shrimp Neocaridina davidi","venue":"PeerJ 7: e7399","url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7399","sourceTaxon":"Adult Neocaridina davidi obtained from local shrimp breeders","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Adults were held in one 40-litre laboratory tank at 21 C, pH 7 and 10 dH, then isolated in shaded 250 mL containers with algae suppressed, excrement removed and 10 percent of the water replaced daily","lifeStages":["adult"],"topics":["feeding","anatomy","health"],"design":"Non-starved controls were compared with adults deprived of feed for 14 days and with groups re-fed for 4, 7 or 14 days after the same deprivation. DHE flow cytometry and confocal imaging assessed reactive-oxygen signals, immunofluorescence assessed MnSOD and a control-tissue western blot checked antibody specificity.","experimentalUnit":"Shrimp were isolated individually, but Table 1 lists 24 animals per flow-cytometry group and four per confocal method while the statistical section says assays used 5 to 6 samples in duplicate; the animal-to-assay sample mapping and any pooling are not fully reported","endpoints":["percentage of DHE-labelled ROS-positive cells","qualitative tissue DHE signal","qualitative MnSOD immunofluorescence","antibody-specificity western blot"],"supports":"Under the tested algae-suppressed conditions, 14 days without feed increased the reported mean ROS-positive cell fraction from 2.8 to 13.2 percent in the hepatopancreas and from 1.3 to 12.7 percent in the intestine. Reported values declined toward control levels after 7 to 14 days of re-feeding, alongside weaker MnSOD immunofluorescence.","limits":"The study tested one 14-day deprivation, not a weekly fast, and measured dissected-cell oxidative-stress markers rather than a survival, growth, molting, behaviour, reproduction or longevity benefit. Its isolated 250 mL containers deliberately suppressed algae and do not represent a conditioned community aquarium. Random allocation and blinding were not reported, sex was omitted from the analysis, assay sample mapping is incomplete, MnSOD treatment differences were not quantitatively measured, and the table, figure and statistical-method descriptions make the comparison-letter interpretation ambiguous. It cannot establish that routine fasting is beneficial, that missing one normal feeding is harmful, that biofilm is adequate, or that a specific re-feeding schedule is safe.","carePaths":["/care/feeding","/care/anatomy","/care/health"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"wang-2010-dietary-manganese","authors":"Wang et al.","year":2010,"title":"Effects of Dietary Manganese Supplementation on Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in the Shrimp (Neocaridina heteropoda)","venue":"Israeli Journal of Aquaculture - Bamidgeh 62(2): 78-84","url":"https://doi.org/10.46989/001c.20585","sourceTaxon":"Wild-collected Neocaridina heteropoda from Baiyangdian Lake; no diagnostic identification method reported","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Thirty-day freshwater recirculating-system feeding experiment at 25 +/- 1 C and pH 8.0, with all tanks connected to one reservoir and reported water manganese of 1.00 +/- 0.02 micrograms per litre in the abstract but micrograms per gram in the methods","lifeStages":["wild-collected shrimp averaging 0.30 g and 1.4 cm; sex and life stage not reported","intermolt endpoint subsample"],"topics":["feeding","growth","health"],"design":"Nine hundred shrimp were assigned at 50 per tank to six manganese-sulfate supplementation levels, with three tanks per diet. The measured complete-diet manganese concentrations were 2.79, 22.57, 42.55, 62.69, 82.59 and 102.45 micrograms per gram. Shrimp received feed at a stated daily rate of 5 percent body weight for 30 days.","experimentalUnit":"Tank for the six assigned diets, with three tanks per diet in one shared-water recirculating system. Figure 1 reports n = 6 for biochemical assays, but the paper does not map those samples or pooled hemolymph back to individual shrimp and tank replicates or state whether tank entered the analysis.","endpoints":["percentage length gain","percentage weight gain","hemolymph superoxide-anion assay","muscle SOD activity","muscle GPX activity","muscle CAT activity"],"supports":"Under this complete-feed formulation and 30-day system, every manganese-supplemented group had higher reported length and weight gain than the 2.79-microgram-per-gram control diet. The 62.69-microgram-per-gram measured diet had the highest reported growth percentages and antioxidant-enzyme activities and the lowest reported superoxide-anion assay value.","limits":"The experiment does not establish a universal dietary requirement or deficiency threshold. The control was not manganese-free, the basal mineral premix already listed manganese sulfate, and the diets differed only within one formulation and short culture history. The paper reports neither starting-to-ending size values nor a growth formula, feed intake, feed conversion, survival, tissue manganese, deficiency signs, molting, reproduction or long-term safety. Wild-source identity, sex and life stage were not resolved. Sample-to-tank mapping for the n = 6 biochemical results and pooled hemolymph is unclear, and the water manganese unit conflicts between abstract and methods. A peak response at one tested concentration without dose-response modeling does not validate adding manganese to aquarium water, mixing a supplement into finished food or using antioxidant-enzyme activity as proof of better health.","carePaths":["/care/feeding","/care/molting","/care/growth","/care/health"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"kenny-2014-draft-genome","authors":"Kenny et al.","year":2014,"title":"Genomic Sequence and Experimental Tractability of a New Decapod Shrimp Model, Neocaridina denticulata","venue":"Marine Drugs 12(3): 1419-1437","url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/md12031419","sourceTaxon":"Commercially sourced red-patched animals identified as Neocaridina denticulata denticulata; no voucher, morphology or molecular host-identification method reported","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"neocaridina-complex","environment":"Laboratory stock held in a recirculating freshwater aquarium at about 25 C; one starved and dissected adult supplied genomic DNA, while separate adults entered aerated MS-222 bath trials","lifeStages":["adult genome donor","adult anaesthesia subjects"],"topics":["genetics","taxonomy","anatomy","health"],"design":"One adult supplied a 100-base-pair paired-end Illumina HiSeq2000 library with 364,013,140 reads. ABySS assembly used k-mer 51 and an assumed approximately 3-gigabase genome. A separate method experiment tested ten adults at each of five MS-222 concentrations from 1000 to 3000 mg/L and varied bath duration from 10 to 40 minutes.","experimentalUnit":"One commercially sourced adult for the nuclear and mitochondrial sequence resource. Individual adults were the anaesthesia units, but duration cells shown in Figure 8 contained only one to five recoverable animals and some concentration-duration combinations were omitted after insufficient induction or mortality.","endpoints":["draft contig metrics","core eukaryotic gene hits","mitochondrial genome recovery","candidate developmental gene-family hits","Daphnia protein-sequence matches","anaesthesia induction","first movement","complete recovery","three-day mortality follow-up"],"supports":"The short-read resource recovered a 15,565-base-pair mitochondrial genome and recognizable hits for 455 of 458 CEGMA core genes at the stated threshold. It also demonstrates that MS-222 concentration and bath duration changed induction and recovery under the tested laboratory method.","limits":"The 99.3 percent result is a core-gene hit rate, not 99.3 percent whole-genome completeness. The draft contained 3,346,358 contigs, an N50 of 400 base pairs and 1.284 gigabases of assembled sequence against an assumed approximately 3-gigabase genome; the authors explicitly described poor recovery of non-coding regions and manually removed three bacterial-like contigs. One unvouchered seller animal cannot establish population variation, named-line ancestry, pedigree, purity, phenotype prediction or a consumer genetic test. The 3,750 putatively crustacean-specific matches depend on database content and an E-value cutoff and do not establish unique function. The anaesthesia cells were small, some animals died at 3000 mg/L and one of three died after 30 minutes at 2000 mg/L, so the protocol is not a home treatment, transport method, euthanasia instruction or general welfare guarantee.","carePaths":["/care/genetics","/care/species"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"sin-2015-hormone-pathway-genes","authors":"Sin et al.","year":2015,"title":"Identification of putative ecdysteroid and juvenile hormone pathway genes in the shrimp Neocaridina denticulata","venue":"General and Comparative Endocrinology 214: 167-176","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.07.018","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina denticulata linked to the Kenny et al. draft-genome stock; the RNA-source animals were not otherwise identified or described","evidenceClass":"adjacent-evidence","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Computational analysis of the 2014 short-read draft genome plus laboratory RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing from RNA isolated from several animals at different life stages; animal holding conditions were not reported in this article","lifeStages":["embryo RNA sample","juvenile anterior and posterior RNA samples","adult head and posterior RNA samples"],"topics":["genetics","molting","breeding"],"design":"Known arthropod hormone-pathway sequences were searched against the draft genome with TBLASTN and checked by reciprocal BLASTX, characteristic domains and, where identity was uncertain, Bayesian phylogenetic analysis. Selected partial transcripts were amplified from cDNA, cloned and Sanger sequenced. A semiquantitative JHAMT gel used equivalent total-RNA inputs and displayed three individual samples for each reported life-stage or body-region group.","experimentalUnit":"Gene sequence and draft-genome contig for homology analyses. For the JHAMT expression gel, the caption reports three independent individual shrimp samples per life-stage or body-region group, while the methods describe RNA from several individuals without source, sex, exact age, molt stage or allocation details.","endpoints":["reciprocal sequence homology","diagnostic protein domains","Bayesian phylogenetic placement","cloned partial cDNA sequence","GenBank accessions KJ200310-KJ200321, KJ579126-KJ579131 and KJ956470-KJ956473","semiquantitative JHAMT RT-PCR band presence across life-stage and body-region samples"],"supports":"The study catalogued candidate orthologues for sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis, binding and degradation; ecdysteroid biosynthesis; and putative hormone regulation or signal transduction in the source draft genome. It validated selected partial transcripts and reported stronger JHAMT gel bands in embryos and juvenile anterior samples than in adult posterior samples under its assay.","limits":"Candidate sequence homology and transcript detection do not demonstrate the encoded protein, enzyme activity, endogenous juvenile hormone, methyl farnesoate or ecdysteroid concentration, tissue-specific function or a causal role in molting or reproduction. Shade was not recovered, which the authors attributed as possibly due to poor recovery of that genomic locus. The JHAMT comparison was a semiquantitative endpoint using equal total-RNA inputs, not qPCR with a reported reference gene, band densitometry or statistical model. Animal source, taxon verification, culture system, sex, exact age, molt and reproductive stage were not reported; the draft genome came from one unvouchered commercial adult. Supplementary alignments, phylogenies and primer details were referenced but were not accessible in this review and were not independently reanalyzed. No live-animal hormone treatment, RNA interference, molt frequency, ecdysis success, growth, survival, fertility or offspring outcome was measured. The paper does not validate a hormone supplement, insect-growth-regulator treatment, mineral dose, breeding intervention, molt diagnosis, commercial-line marker or consumer genetic test.","carePaths":["/care/molting","/care/genetics","/care/breeding"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"cheung-2015-gonadal-microbiota","authors":"Cheung et al.","year":2015,"title":"Rapid Change of Microbiota Diversity in the Gut but Not the Hepatopancreas During Gonadal Development of the New Shrimp Model Neocaridina denticulata","venue":"Marine Biotechnology 17(6): 811-819","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-015-9662-8","sourceTaxon":"Laboratory red-patched Neocaridina denticulata denticulata linked to the Kenny et al. stock; the commercial foundation stock had no reported voucher, morphology or molecular host-identification method","evidenceClass":"adjacent-evidence","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Adult females from a multigeneration recirculating freshwater laboratory stock at approximately 25 C; all were starved for two days before dissection","lifeStages":["adult female classified as early ovarian maturation","adult female classified as mid ovarian maturation","adult female classified as late ovarian maturation or egg carrying"],"topics":["breeding","feeding","health","anatomy"],"design":"Three adult females at each of three visually assigned ovarian stages were sampled cross-sectionally. Foregut, intestine including midgut and hindgut, and hepatopancreas were dissected from every female, producing 27 individually sequenced 16S V1-V3 libraries. PCR reactions were run in triplicate and pooled within each library. Ion Torrent reads were processed in QIIME 1.8, clustered into 97 percent OTUs, assigned against Greengenes at 0.5 confidence, rarefied to 14,000 reads and compared with alpha-diversity indices, UniFrac PCoA and UPGMA trees.","experimentalUnit":"Individual female for ovarian-stage comparisons, with three females per stage and three linked tissue libraries per female. Triplicate PCR reactions were technical replicates pooled within a library, not additional animals. The paper did not report a repeated-measures model for tissues from the same female.","endpoints":["quality-filtered 16S read count","97 percent OTU richness","Chao1 richness","Shannon diversity","phylogenetic diversity","weighted and unweighted UniFrac clustering","relative read abundance by bacterial taxon","SRA accession SRR1735538"],"supports":"Within this nine-female stock after two days of starvation, early-stage foregut and intestine libraries had lower reported alpha diversity than later-stage libraries, hepatopancreas libraries generally differed from gut libraries, and more than 80 percent of early-stage gut reads were assigned to one Coxiella-type OTU. The study provides a public 16S survey associated with tissue region and visually assigned ovarian stage.","limits":"This was a small cross-sectional association, not the same females followed through ovarian development and not an assigned microbiota or reproductive treatment. Stage could be confounded with age, time, individual and egg-carrying status. Relative read abundance is compositional and does not measure absolute bacterial load, prevalence among shrimp or colonization. A short 16S Coxiella-type assignment at a low classification threshold is not a species or strain identification, Coxiella burnetii diagnosis, cultured isolate, pathogen finding or probiotic. The paper reported t tests without specifying exact contrasts, pairing, tails, variance handling, test statistics, degrees of freedom or multiplicity correction, and reported no formal group-level beta-diversity test. No extraction blank, PCR negative control, mock community, random selection or blinding was described. The paper did not test bacterial function, microbial transfer, probiotic or antibiotic exposure, fertility, spawning, hatch, offspring, growth, survival, disease, immune response, feed treatment or normal fed-tank baseline. It cannot show that microbes cause ovarian maturation, that maturation causes the microbiota difference or that changing aquarium bacteria improves breeding or health.","carePaths":["/care/breeding","/care/feeding","/care/health","/care/anatomy"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"mykles-hui-2015-model-review","authors":"Mykles and Hui","year":2015,"title":"Neocaridina denticulata: A Decapod Crustacean Model for Functional Genomics","venue":"Integrative and Comparative Biology 55(5): 891-897","url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icv050","sourceTaxon":"Policy review comparing Neocaridina denticulata with the crayfish Procambarus clarkii and Cherax quadricarinatus, with additional inferences from other crustacean models","evidenceClass":"review-synthesis","speciesRelation":"broad-review","environment":"No new animal experiment or culture trial; narrative synthesis and recommendation arising from a 2015 comparative Pancrustacea symposium workshop","lifeStages":["embryo and fertilized egg discussed from cited sources","juvenile and reproductive maturity discussed from cited sources","adult anatomy and culture discussed from cited sources"],"topics":["genetics","breeding","growth","molting","anatomy","health","temperature","water-parameters"],"design":"The authors defined desired traits for a decapod model, compared three freshwater candidates, summarized selected Neocaridina life-history, culture, anatomy and genomic claims from earlier publications, recommended N. denticulata, and proposed obtaining a complete genome and developing tissue-specific gene-control and mutant-screening methods.","experimentalUnit":"Published source or narrative claim; the paper reported no new animals, aquaria, assigned treatments, measurements or statistical analysis and did not describe a systematic search, eligibility criteria or risk-of-bias assessment.","endpoints":["model-organism selection criteria","comparative recommendation","summary of cited life-history and culture claims","summary of draft-genome status","proposed functional-genomics next steps"],"supports":"The paper documents that two authors recommended N. denticulata as a decapod functional-genomics model in 2015 based on its small space requirement, commercial availability, transparent cuticle, cited life-history traits and then-available preliminary genome. It explicitly identified a complete genome and reliable gene-expression manipulation as future work.","limits":"This policy review is not a new replication of any cited experiment and is not a systematic review. Its pH 6.5 to 8.0, temperature up to 30 C, preferred 22 to 25 C and pH 7.0 to 7.5, 15 to 16 day intermolt, 20 to 30 egg, approximately 30 day hatch and 4 to 6 month maturity statements combine older sources, populations and methods; they are not one standardized aquarium comparison or validated species-wide optimum. The broad statement that N. denticulata is resistant to bacterial infection does not establish general disease resistance, a pathogen-free line, treatment or immune supplement. The cited DPrP bacterial-challenge paper remains full-text-needed in this registry, and the companion crayfish-plague citation studied a related published species against one oomycete pathogen. The preliminary genome was explicitly incomplete, and proposed transgenesis, reporter expression, mutation screening and targeted gene control were future possibilities rather than demonstrated Neocaridina methods in this paper. The review does not validate a care range, breeding calendar, stocking rule, disease guarantee, commercial-line assay or consumer genetic intervention.","carePaths":["/care/genetics","/care/breeding","/care/growth","/care/molting","/care/anatomy","/care/health","/care/parameters"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"li-2022-crispr-scarlet","authors":"Li et al.","year":2022,"title":"Microinjection-based CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis in the decapoda crustaceans Neocaridina heteropoda and Eriocheir sinensis","venue":"Journal of Experimental Biology 225(6): jeb243702","url":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.243702","sourceTaxon":"Animals sold as Neocaridina heteropoda from a local aquatic market and cultured in the laboratory for more than six months; no voucher, morphology or molecular host-identification method reported","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"neocaridina-complex","environment":"One-cell embryos removed from females four hours after spawning, placed on wet filter paper with the upper surface exposed to air, injected and irrigated three times daily with sterilized freshwater through in vitro development","lifeStages":["one-cell embryo","gastrula","nauplius","flea larva"],"topics":["genetics","colour","anatomy","breeding"],"design":"A tracer pilot compared 1000 ng/uL dextran with 0.05 percent Phenol Red. For editing, three Nh-scarlet sgRNAs were designed using a partial Neocaridina sequence and the Penaeus vannamei genome as reference. Cas9 at 300 ng/uL and sgRNA at 200 ng/uL were delivered at about 0.8 nL per embryo; individual sgRNAs were checked at gastrula and all three were co-injected for the flea-larva eye-phenotype screen.","experimentalUnit":"Individual embryo for injection and phenotype screening. Twenty-eight injected embryos survived to the reported Neocaridina screen, but the initial number injected, maternal-clutch contributions, allocation, complete control structure and tracer-table denominator or replicate basis were not reported.","endpoints":["embryo survival by developmental stage","Nh-scarlet expression by developmental stage","visible eye pigmentation and shape","target-region PCR and sequencing"],"supports":"The method delivered CRISPR/Cas9 material into ex vivo Neocaridina embryos and recovered target-region insertions, replacements or deletions with altered eye phenotypes in three of 28 surviving injected embryos: two with altered eye shape and one with an absent eye.","limits":"The authors called 3 of 28 surviving injected embryos a 10 percent gene-editing efficiency; the denominator excludes embryos that did not survive, and the initial injected total was not reported. Screening was based on abnormal eyes, so phenotype-normal survivors were not shown to have been systematically genotyped. Some embryos contained more than one edited sequence, consistent with mosaicism. Off-target effects were not assessed, one sgRNA lacked detectable in vitro digestion, and exact family contributions, randomization, blinding and complete negative-control comparisons were not reported. The study ended at early development and did not test adult survival, health, body colour, fertility, germline transmission, F1 inheritance, stable-line creation, commercial grade, named-trade-line identity or a consumer genetic test. The invasive embryo method is a functional-genomics protocol, not a hobby breeding procedure.","carePaths":["/care/genetics","/care/colours","/care/anatomy","/care/breeding"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"tomas-2020-diets","authors":"Tomas et al.","year":2020,"title":"Effect of diets on carotenoid content, body coloration, biochemical composition and spermatophore quality","venue":"Aquaculture Nutrition 26: 1198-1210","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.13076","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Laboratory diet comparison","lifeStages":["adult male","adult female"],"topics":["feeding","colour","breeding"],"design":"Defined diets were compared for biochemical, pigmentation and male reproductive outcomes.","experimentalUnit":"Diet treatment culture unit","endpoints":["carotenoids","visible colour","biochemical composition","spermatophore quality"],"supports":"Diet can change measured phenotype and biochemical outcomes under a defined protocol.","limits":"Visible colour change is not inherited grade, genetic purity or proof that one diet is complete for every life stage.","carePaths":["/care/feeding","/care/colours","/care/genetics"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"sganga-2020-commercial-diets","authors":"Sganga and López Greco","year":2020,"title":"Effect of commercial diets on female reproductive performance and offspring quality in the red cherry shrimp Neocaridina davidi","venue":"Aquaculture Research 51: 5029-5039","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/are.14841","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Laboratory commercial-diet comparison","lifeStages":["adult female","egg","juvenile offspring"],"topics":["feeding","breeding","growth"],"design":"Commercial diets were compared across female reproduction and offspring endpoints.","experimentalUnit":"Diet treatment group or female, depending on endpoint","endpoints":["female reproduction","egg outcomes","offspring quality"],"supports":"Diet treatment can change selected reproductive and offspring measures.","limits":"It does not validate every product, a universal ingredient list or a single feeding schedule.","carePaths":["/care/feeding","/care/breeding"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"tropea-2022-sibling-mating","authors":"Tropea, Marciano and López Greco","year":2022,"title":"Brothers are better than nothing: first report of incestuous mating and inbreeding depression in a freshwater decapod crustacean","venue":"Zoology 151: 125990","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.zool.2021.125990","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Laboratory sibling and non-sibling mating comparison","lifeStages":["adult breeder","egg","newly hatched juvenile","juvenile"],"topics":["genetics","breeding","growth","feeding"],"design":"Females were paired with brothers or non-brothers and offspring were followed through separate brood and juvenile endpoints.","experimentalUnit":"Mating pair or offspring culture group, depending on endpoint","endpoints":["mating","egg count","hatch count","juvenile survival","growth under feeding treatments"],"supports":"Mating and early egg measures can look similar while later hatch and juvenile outcomes differ after one full-sibling generation.","limits":"It does not establish a founder minimum, multigeneration decline, colour loss, disease effect or calendar-based outcross schedule.","carePaths":["/care/genetics","/care/colours","/care/breeding"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"tropea-2024-relatedness","authors":"Tropea and López Greco","year":2024,"title":"To invest or not to invest, that is the question: male presence and genetic relatedness as modulators of female reproductive effort in a shrimp","venue":"Canadian Journal of Zoology 102(9): 721-734","url":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0214","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Laboratory relatedness and male-presence comparison","lifeStages":["adult female","egg"],"topics":["genetics","breeding"],"design":"Female reproductive timing and biochemical investment were compared with brothers, non-brothers or different male-presence conditions.","experimentalUnit":"Female or mating treatment unit","endpoints":["ovarian maturation","egg carotenoids","cholesterol","energy content"],"supports":"Relatedness changed selected reproductive timing and egg-composition outcomes under this protocol.","limits":"These internal measures cannot diagnose an unseen home colony or prove commercial sources are related.","carePaths":["/care/genetics","/care/breeding"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"sganga-2019-maternal-colour","authors":"Sganga and López Greco","year":2019,"title":"Assessment of potential trade-off between maternal colouration and offspring quality in the ornamental red cherry shrimp","venue":"Aquaculture Research 50(6): 1564-1573","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/are.14032","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Laboratory comparison of red-stock females and offspring","lifeStages":["90-day female","180-day female","offspring"],"topics":["colour","genetics","breeding"],"design":"Maternal colour was measured at defined ages and compared with offspring outcomes.","experimentalUnit":"Female and associated offspring group","endpoints":["female colour","offspring colour","offspring quality"],"supports":"Visible colour changed with age, and maternal colour did not simply predict offspring colour at the measured checkpoint.","limits":"It does not provide a named-morph inheritance chart, breeding value from one parent image or a universal grade age.","carePaths":["/care/colours","/care/genetics","/standard"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"lu-2022-chromatophore-development","authors":"Lu et al.","year":2022,"title":"The occurrence process of chromatophores in three body color strains of the ornamental shrimp Neocaridina denticulata sinensis","venue":"Zoomorphology 141: 283-295","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00435-022-00563-7","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina denticulata sinensis","evidenceClass":"morphology-taxonomy","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Red, yellow and blue laboratory strains cultured separately, with one strain cultured in a tank at 20 to 26 C and pH about 7.4; eggs were removed with a sodium chloride and trypsin solution, washed and cultured in a shaken 24-well plate before post-larvae were moved to a glass tank","lifeStages":["fertilized egg through membrane-zoea","newly hatched post-larva"],"topics":["colour","anatomy","breeding","growth","genetics"],"design":"The authors photographed eight source-defined embryonic stages in red, yellow and blue strains, then followed chromatophore type, form, number and distribution into early post-hatch development. Six individuals per strain were used for the detailed chromatophore observations after pigment cells appeared, and six individuals per stage per strain were dissected from metanauplius through membrane-zoea.","experimentalUnit":"Individual embryo or post-larva for microscopy, with six individuals per strain for detailed observations after pigment cells appeared; the paper reports one culture tank per strain, does not report family contributions to the selected eggs and does not clearly describe independence across repeated photographs or inferential comparisons","endpoints":["chromatophore type","chromatophore form","chromatophore number","chromatophore diameter","chromatophore distribution","embryonic morphology"],"supports":"Under this in-vitro protocol, no chromatophores were reported before pre-nauplius, erythrophores were the first visible chromatophore type in all three strains at the source-defined metanauplius stage, and later stage-specific observations included leucophores in red and yellow, cyanophores in blue and xanthophores in yellow after hatching.","limits":"This does not establish a universal grading age, predict adult grade from an embryo or juvenile, validate a commercial colour-line identity or reveal inheritance. One tank per strain confounds strain with tank history, family contributions were unknown and only six individuals per strain were used for detailed observations. The egg-removal, trypsin, washing, shaker and in-vitro culture protocol is not a home breeding method. Food was not assigned as a treatment, adult colour was not followed, and discussion explanations involving carotenoids, yolk or feeding relied partly on hypotheses or unpublished data rather than a diet experiment. The paper gives one-way ANOVA but does not fully report the comparison plan, repeated-measure handling, assumption checks or exact P values, and its figure and text leave some post-hatch photographic timing ambiguous.","carePaths":["/care/colours","/care/genetics"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"huo-2025-bco-like4-pigmentation","authors":"Huo et al.","year":2025,"title":"Functional Analysis of NdBCO-like4 Gene in Pigmentation of Neocaridina denticulata sinensis","venue":"Fishes 10(3): 134","url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes10030134","sourceTaxon":"Laboratory red, blue, yellow and wild or transparent strains labelled Neocaridina denticulata sinensis","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"neocaridina-complex","environment":"Laboratory-owned strains selectively bred for more than three years and cultured separately in glass tanks at about 25 C, with aerated tap water, planted aquarium soil, daily compound feed and 50 percent water changes every three days","lifeStages":["approximately 1.2 cm strain sample","pre-nauplius embryo","metanauplius embryo","pre-zoea embryo","membrane-zoea embryo","young shrimp"],"topics":["colour","genetics","anatomy","breeding"],"design":"Adult and tissue expression used seven individual samples per strain. Embryonic expression pooled all sampled embryos from one berried female as one replicate, with seven maternal replicates per source-defined stage. For RNA interference, metanauplius embryos from each of five red-strain mothers were divided into sibling treatment and control wells of 15 embryos, exposed ex vivo after hypochlorous-acid membrane softening to 5 micrograms per millilitre NdBCO-like4 or EGFP dsRNA in ultra-pure water, and photographed after 24 hours. A transcriptome-derived candidate SNP was then targeted for genotyping in four laboratory strains.","experimentalUnit":"Individual shrimp for adult and tissue expression, nested within separately maintained strain tanks whose number and replication were not stated; maternal clutch for the five-mother paired RNA-interference comparison; individual shrimp for genotyping, although the reported figure totals do not reconcile with the stated 192 individuals per strain","endpoints":["NdBCO-like4 expression by strain, tissue and developmental stage","RNA-interference target expression","red-channel pixel brightness ratio","pigment-particle distribution index","candidate-SNP genotype frequency","predicted RNA secondary structure"],"supports":"In the sampled laboratory strains, NdBCO-like4 expression was higher in the red strain than the yellow, blue and wild or transparent strains and varied across the five source-defined developmental stages. In the five paired maternal clutches, embryos receiving NdBCO-like4 dsRNA had lower red-channel brightness ratios and pigment-particle distribution indices than EGFP-dsRNA sibling controls under the artificial 24-hour exposure. The G.1719G>A candidate occurred in every sampled strain at different reported genotype frequencies.","limits":"This is evidence of molecular involvement under the source assays, not a validated commercial-line marker, inheritance chart or consumer genetic test. The paper does not report the number of culture tanks per strain, so strain, family and shared tank history cannot be separated. The ex vivo RNA-interference protocol used removed embryos, 1 to 5 percent hypochlorous acid for 1 to 2 minutes, ultra-pure water and destructive molecular sampling; it is not a breeding or colour-enhancement method. A blank control is described but omitted from the displayed RNA-interference results, scoring regions and blinding are not reported, one reference gene was used without reported stability validation, and the split-clutch design was analysed with an independent t-test rather than an explicit paired model. The results text calls the target-expression decrease p greater than 0.05 while the discussion calls it significant. The abstract calls G.1719G>A synonymous, whereas the results and discussion call it a missense or non-synonymous D445N change. The same strain is called wild in the methods and transparent in figures. Although the methods state 192 genotyped individuals per strain, the Figure 7 genotype counts total 148 red, 95 yellow, 190 blue and 172 transparent animals, without explaining missing calls. The variant-frequency association does not establish causation, dominance, parentage, pedigree, selection response or identity for Blue Dream, Sunkist, Bloody Mary or any seller line.","carePaths":["/care/colours","/care/genetics","/care/anatomy"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"feng-2025-crustacyanin-genome","authors":"Feng et al.","year":2025,"title":"Genome-wide identification of the crustacyanin gene family in Neocaridina denticulata sinensis based on comparative genomics and localization analysis","venue":"BMC Genomics 26: 1151","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-025-12371-6","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina denticulata sinensis","evidenceClass":"adjacent-evidence","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Aquaculture-center shrimp 1.8 plus or minus 0.2 cm, acclimated for two weeks in a 29 by 18 by 15 cm recirculating tank at 25 plus or minus 1 C and fed Sera Shrimp Natural twice daily","lifeStages":["1.8 plus or minus 0.2 cm aquaculture-center shrimp"],"topics":["colour","genetics","anatomy"],"design":"The authors identified CRCN-family candidates in an unpublished laboratory genome, compared the family across six crustaceans, examined a 15-library five-tissue expression matrix with three libraries per tissue, ran epidermal qPCR, expressed NdCRCN-6 in Escherichia coli, generated a mouse polyclonal antibody and used western blotting and immunohistochemistry for tissue localization.","experimentalUnit":"Gene and genome for computational analyses; 15 transcriptome libraries with three per tissue but no reported animal-versus-pool provenance; qPCR reports three samples without defining the biological animal unit; western-blot preparations, immunohistochemistry sections and independent animal counts were not reported","endpoints":["CRCN candidate-gene count and location","gene-family phylogeny and duplication","tissue expression matrix","epidermal qPCR","antibody reactivity","epidermal and muscle immunolocalization"],"supports":"The source genome contained 24 CRCN-family candidates, mostly clustered on chromosome 23, with seven reported tandem-duplicated pairs. The 15-library matrix and qPCR showed differing tissue and epidermal expression patterns, and the generated antibody produced CRCN-family signal in epidermis and muscle under the reported assays.","limits":"This is a molecular identification and localization study, not a colour-strain, diet, breeding or grading experiment. It did not measure visible colour, chromatophores, astaxanthin amount, direct astaxanthin binding in Neocaridina, growth, survival, reproduction, molt, health or selection response. One unpublished source genome cannot establish population-wide copy number, variants or commercial-line identity. Total shrimp count, tank count, sex, age, colour line, lineage and taxon-identification method were not reported. The tissue libraries do not resolve animals versus pools, and the paper does not define the biological unit behind three qPCR samples. Primer efficiencies and a calibrator were not reported for cross-gene qPCR comparisons. High CRCN sequence similarity means the polyclonal antibody may recognize multiple family members, so localization cannot assign each subunit a distinct function. Independent animals, section counts, blinded scoring and quantitative image methods were not reported. Muscle transport, epidermal colour modulation and individual-subunit functions remain inferred rather than directly measured. The accession CRA018357 is linked only to the archive homepage in the article and does not resolve these sample-provenance gaps. Twenty-four candidate genes do not mean 24 visible traits, a trade-line inheritance chart, a consumer genetic test or a colour-food recommendation.","carePaths":["/care/colours","/care/genetics"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"zhang-2025-scarb1-pigmentation","authors":"Zhang et al.","year":2025,"title":"Role Analysis of the scarb1 Gene in the Pigmentation of Neocaridina denticulata sinensis","venue":"Animals 15(7): 901","url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15070901","sourceTaxon":"Laboratory red, yellow, blue and wild Neocaridina denticulata sinensis populations","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"neocaridina-complex","environment":"Laboratory culture at 25 +/- 1 C followed by removed-embryo RNA interference, expression assays and targeted genotyping","lifeStages":["embryo","juvenile offspring","adult source populations"],"topics":["colour","genetics","breeding"],"design":"Scarb1 expression was compared across four selected colour populations and five developmental stages; five maternal clutches were split between scarb1 and EGFP dsRNA exposure, and one candidate SNP from a 216-shrimp transcriptome was targeted in four planned 384-animal population samples.","experimentalUnit":"Individual or biological sample for expression, maternal clutch for the paired RNAi comparison and individual shrimp for genotyping; source-population tank replication was not resolved","endpoints":["scarb1 expression","red pixel brightness ratio","pigment distribution scale","chromatophore development","G1593A genotype and allele frequency"],"supports":"Scarb1 knockdown changed metanauplius chromatophore measurements under the source protocol, and the synonymous G1593A genotype distribution differed sharply in the sampled yellow population.","limits":"The RNAi used removed embryos from five mothers, did not report the statistical method for most comparisons and did not function at the later pre-zoea stage. The table reports 345 rather than the planned 384 genotypes per population without explaining missing calls. A selected-population association without crosses, independent line validation, phenotype prediction or a causal variant test cannot identify Sunkist or another named commercial line, establish dominance or forecast offspring.","carePaths":["/care/colours","/care/genetics"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"tomas-2020-background","authors":"Tomas, Sganga and López Greco","year":2020,"title":"Effect of background color and shelters on female pigmentation in the ornamental red cherry shrimp","venue":"Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 51(3): 775-787","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.12660","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Laboratory background and shelter treatment","lifeStages":["adult female"],"topics":["colour","habitat","genetics"],"design":"Background and shelter conditions were assigned and female pigmentation was followed for 90 days.","experimentalUnit":"Treatment aquarium","endpoints":["visible pigmentation","astaxanthin"],"supports":"Background can change measured visible pigmentation under a defined protocol.","limits":"It does not establish that dark substrate changes genotype, prevents stress or improves inherited grade.","carePaths":["/care/colours","/care/habitat","/care/genetics","/standard"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"ishiba-2025-environment-colour","authors":"Ishiba et al.","year":2025,"title":"Examining the Adaptive significance of colour change in the freshwater shrimp Neocaridina davidi","venue":"Jxiv preprint, version 1","url":"https://doi.org/10.51094/jxiv.1804","sourceTaxon":"Field-origin Neocaridina colony from the Tatsuta River, with five colony representatives assigned to N. davidi clade B by COI barcoding","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Laboratory white acclimation followed by red, blue, green or white glass-sand and polyester-cord environments","lifeStages":["32 adult males","32 adult females"],"topics":["colour","habitat","genetics"],"design":"Sixty-four randomly selected shrimp spent seven days in a white environment, received standardized dorsal photographs, were randomly assigned by sex to four coloured environments for seven more days and were photographed again. No feed was supplied during the full 14 days. ImageJ mean RGB luminance ratios were calculated for the whole body and five body regions.","experimentalUnit":"Individual survivor for colour analysis; vessel count, shrimp density and animal-to-vessel mapping were not reported","endpoints":["day 14 to day 7 RGB luminance ratios","body-region RGB ratios","survival by colour environment"],"supports":"The matching RGB channel had the largest mean ratio in every environment, but only the blue group showed a significant among-channel difference, specifically red versus blue. White, red and blue environments produced some within-channel changes; green produced none. Approximate survival was 56 percent in white, 93 percent in red, 93 percent in green and 87 percent in blue.","limits":"This is a version 1 preprint, not peer reviewed. Only five colony representatives were barcoded, not all 64 experimental animals. Vessel allocation and replication were not reported, so pseudoreplication cannot be excluded. Animals received no feed for 14 days; water chemistry, temperature, photoperiod, mortality timing, molt state and family contributions were omitted. The colour treatment combined sand, cord and reflected light, white survival was about 56 percent and colour results include survivors only. Repeated tests lacked a stated multiplicity correction and the analysis did not model within-animal RGB channels. The study did not test inherited colour, commercial grade, genetics, health, optimal substrate, predator detection or a camouflage survival benefit.","carePaths":["/care/colours","/care/genetics","/standard"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"carvalho-batista-2023-shelter","authors":"Carvalho-Batista et al.","year":2023,"title":"Shelter preference and variation in the daily activity pattern of the ornamental shrimp Neocaridina davidi","venue":"Nauplius 31: e2023018","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2358-2936e2023018","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Fifteen 23-litre laboratory aquarium groups at 23 C under a 12-hour light and 12-hour dark cycle, with red incandescent light used for night observations and no feeding during the 72-hour experiment","lifeStages":["male with 3.04 to 3.68 mm carapace length","non-ovigerous female with 4.74 to 6.39 mm carapace length","ovigerous female with 5.1 to 6.39 mm carapace length"],"topics":["behaviour","habitat"],"design":"Ten shrimp from one sex or reproductive class shared an aquarium offering Java moss, wood, Egeria and rock shelters of about 250 square centimetres each. Shelter positions were varied, and the same group was counted repeatedly during eight 20-minute periods per day for three days.","experimentalUnit":"Ten-shrimp aquarium group, with five consecutive groups per sex or reproductive class and repeated observations of the same animals across 72 hours","endpoints":["overall shelter occupancy","occupancy by shelter type","day and night shelter use","walking and swimming frequency"],"supports":"Across the tested groups, mean shelter use was 82.1 percent per observation, shelter use was higher by day than night, and Java moss was used most overall, followed by wood, while rock was used least.","limits":"Shelter material, shape and structural complexity changed together, so the comparison does not isolate a live-plant, moss-species or complexity effect. The paper does not state a repeated-measures or aquarium-level model for the many observations of the same groups. Animals were not fed during the 72 hours, night observations used a red lamp, and no no-shelter, predator, stress, survival, growth or reproduction outcome was tested. The result does not make one plant required, define an ideal hidden percentage, diagnose stress or prove protection from fish.","carePaths":["/care/behaviour","/care/habitat","/care/tankmates"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"rickward-2024-behaviour","authors":"Rickward, Santostefano and Wilson","year":2024,"title":"Among-individual behavioural variation in the ornamental red cherry shrimp Neocaridina heteropoda","venue":"Ecology and Evolution 14(2): e11049","url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.11049","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina heteropoda","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Repeated laboratory behavioural assays","lifeStages":["individual research animal"],"topics":["behaviour"],"design":"Individuals were repeatedly measured to separate within-animal and among-animal behavioural variation.","experimentalUnit":"Repeatedly identified individual","endpoints":["activity","boldness or refuge-related behaviour","repeatability"],"supports":"Individuals can differ consistently in selected measured behaviours.","limits":"It does not make one short video a personality test or diagnose stress, sex, mating or disease.","carePaths":["/care/behaviour","/care/tankmates"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"wilson-2026-quantitative-behaviour","authors":"Wilson, Rickward and Santostefano","year":2026,"title":"Quantitative genetics of shy-bold behaviour and plastic response to novel predator cues in the cherry shrimp Neocaridina davidi","venue":"Journal of Evolutionary Biology: voag042","url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jeb/voag042","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Pet-trade-source offspring raised as separate full-sibling families in recirculating 2.9-litre tanks, then tested in five-minute open-field assays using conspecific water or water previously occupied by green swordtails","lifeStages":["offspring over 7 mm tested at 41 to 215 days"],"topics":["behaviour","genetics","tankmates"],"design":"Forty-one one-male, four-female breeding groups produced 1,191 offspring in 75 full-sibling families nested within 37 paternal half-sibling groups. Eighty shrimp from 20 families each completed six alternating control-predator assays; the other 1,111 each completed one treatment-balanced assay for pedigree-based models.","experimentalUnit":"Repeatedly identified individual for the 80-shrimp six-assay dataset; single individual nested within a full-sibling family and its rearing tank for the 1,111-shrimp quantitative-genetic dataset","endpoints":["track length","activity above 4 cm/s","arena area covered","refuge duration","individual repeatability","additive and family variance","individual-by-environment and genotype-by-environment variation"],"supports":"The fish-water cue produced modest average decreases in track length and activity and increased refuge duration. Individuals differed repeatably, and the pedigree model attributed an estimated 24.3 percent of multivariate phenotypic variance to additive genetic effects while finding no supported variation among individuals or genotypes in cue-response plasticity.","limits":"No fish entered the assay and no capture, injury, feeding, growth, survival or recruitment endpoint was measured. The cue came from one novel fish species and its strength was not an aquarium coexistence exposure. All shrimp came from one pet-trade colony, full siblings shared one rearing tank, only about two dams per sire contributed on average and additive-genetic estimates had high uncertainty. The repeated dataset always began with control, arena water was replaced after ten trials and age varied from 41 to 215 days. The study does not establish fish compatibility, a fixed personality label, a commercial-line heritability or a selection response.","carePaths":["/care/behaviour","/care/tankmates","/care/genetics"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"hoitsy-2023-scutariella-hungary","authors":"Hoitsy et al.","year":2023,"title":"Occurrence of Scutariella worms on Neocaridina davidi shrimp (Bouvier, 1904) in Hungary","venue":"Magyar Allatorvosok Lapja 145(6): 351-358","url":"https://doi.org/10.56385/magyallorv.2023.06.351-358","relatedSources":[{"label":"University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest repository record and open PDF","url":"https://huveta.hu/items/1b0da4b4-de76-4714-bec2-9aeff20c1dd1"}],"sourceTaxon":"Owner-submitted captive Neocaridina davidi from multiple breeders; host-identification method not reported","evidenceClass":"morphology-taxonomy","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Fifteen selected diagnostic submissions held five per approximately 18-litre aquarium at reported pH 6.8, conductivity 300 microsiemens and 25 C during examination","lifeStages":["seven females and eight males; size, age and sexing method not reported"],"topics":["health","anatomy","taxonomy"],"design":"Owners submitted 15 shrimp from different breeders after seeing moving white organisms on the day of introduction or within the following days. The shrimp were photographed, and associated live worms were collected into water drops, examined by stereomicroscopy and light microscopy, and identified from stated morphological references.","experimentalUnit":"Selected submitted shrimp for carrier observations and an unreported number of removed worms for morphological identification; five shrimp shared each of three holding aquaria, but no treatment or outcome comparison was assigned","endpoints":["visible worm count and body region","worm length","live worm morphology","species identification","presence of worm eggs in the branchial chamber"],"supports":"All 15 selected shrimp carried visible opalescent-white moving worms, with 2 to 8 observed on the head, antennae or rostral region. Examined worms were reported as 0.8 to 2.0 mm long and identified as Scutariella japonica using paired anterior projections, two eyespots, internal reproductive anatomy and a posterior horseshoe- or heart-shaped sucker. Some worms contained eggs, and eggs were visible through the lateral carapace in the branchial chamber.","limits":"This was a selected diagnostic case series, not a prevalence, transmission, quarantine-duration, water-quality or source-risk study. Host identity was not independently verified, source counts and clustering were not reported, the number of worms examined was omitted, and no molecular confirmation, voucher or image-accession record was stated. The study measured no respiration, gill lesion, molting failure, growth, reproduction, mortality, spontaneous clearance or treatment outcome. Harm statements were literature synthesis, not observations in these 15 shrimp. Fenbendazole was mentioned in one discussion sentence without product, dose, exposure, allocation, control, efficacy, recurrence or host-safety data. It cannot support a treatment recipe, a claim that every white worm is S. japonica or use of treatment response as diagnosis.","carePaths":["/care/health","/care/quarantine","/care/anatomy"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"maciaszek-2023-epibionts","authors":"Maciaszek et al.","year":2023,"title":"Epibiont Cohabitation in Freshwater Shrimp Neocaridina davidi with the Description of Two Species New to Science, Cladogonium kumaki sp. nov. and Monodiscus kumaki sp. nov., and Redescription of Scutariella japonica and Holtodrilus truncatus","venue":"Animals 13(10): 1616","url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13101616","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi","evidenceClass":"morphology-taxonomy","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Nine hundred approximately 2.0 cm shrimp collected in November 2018 from three wild sites, three aquaculture-pond sources and three aquarium sources in Taiwan, then air-freighted in habitat water to Poland and inspected after a 10-hour acclimation in the transport-bag water","lifeStages":["size-selected traded animal approximately 2.0 +/- 0.17 cm","female and male, with sexing method not stated"],"topics":["health","anatomy","molting","taxonomy","wild-populations"],"design":"One hundred shrimp from each of three locations within each source category were inspected individually in rostral, branchial, pereiopodal and pleopodal regions. Epibionts were isolated under clove-oil and ethanol sedation, identified morphologically at 500 to 1500x, and followed by an incompletely reported two-week quarantine observation. Prevalence models used source category and sex, microhabitat models used body region, and Spearman correlations assessed co-occurrence, egg production and molting.","experimentalUnit":"Individual examined shrimp nested within nine source locations and their transport bags; the reported individual-level GLMs do not describe source location or bag as a cluster or random effect","endpoints":["morphological identity and measurements","prevalence and mean intensity","co-occurrence","body-region distribution","egg-production association","molting association","observed cuticle traces and recolonization after molt"],"supports":"The authors distinguished Cladogonium kumaki, Monodiscus kumaki, Scutariella japonica and Holtodrilus truncatus, plus ciliates and rotifers. At least one recorded epibiont occurred on 688 of 900 shrimp and H. truncatus on 390 of 900. All four named taxa occurred in all four body regions with different distributions; H. truncatus was relatively associated with rostral and pereiopodal regions. Live H. truncatus and temnocephalids were observed leaving shed exuviae and seeking a host, sometimes recolonizing the nearby original shrimp.","limits":"The source categories were observed, not assigned treatments, and are represented by only three locations each. Transport, ten-hour acclimation and microscopy handling may have changed organism abundance or location. Source-level clustering was not included in the reported GLMs, the sample was strongly female-skewed, and the sexing method was not stated. Morphological identification required microscopy and does not validate a phone-image diagnosis. Egg and molt analyses were correlational; the H. truncatus molt row reports rho -0.26 with p 0.847, an internally inconsistent combination for the surrounding interpretation. The quarantine allocation, denominator, water conditions, removal exposure and outcome measurements were not fully reported. Molting did not clear live worms, and the paper did not assign or compare a salt, medication or home-removal treatment. The sample is not prevalence for every seller, home colony or geographic trade route.","carePaths":["/care/health","/care/quarantine","/care/anatomy","/care/molting"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"niwa-2014-holtodrilus-microhabitat","authors":"Niwa et al.","year":2014,"title":"Microhabitat distribution and behaviour of Branchiobdellidan Holtodrilus truncatus found on the freshwater shrimp Neocaridina spp. from the Sugo River, Japan","venue":"Central European Journal of Biology 9(1): 80-85","url":"https://doi.org/10.2478/s11535-013-0184-3","relatedSources":[{"label":"German National Library open full-text copy","url":"https://d-nb.info/1342669088/34"}],"sourceTaxon":"Wild Sugo River shrimp identified only as Neocaridina spp.; the catch could include native N. denticulata denticulata and imported Neocaridina lineages","evidenceClass":"adjacent-evidence","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Field collections at three Sugo River stations from 2003 to 2011 plus laboratory observations in source river water, aerated aquaria, individual bottles, dishes and 100 mL vials","lifeStages":["field-collected male and female host shrimp","unovigerous female host","Holtodrilus truncatus adult, cocoon, embryo and newly hatched worm"],"topics":["health","anatomy","taxonomy","wild-populations"],"design":"The authors collected 271 host shrimp across nine years, mapped H. truncatus body locations on 141 hosts in 2011, measured 23 cocoons, observed 15 host-removed worms from 14 shrimp in no-added-food survival containers, and placed five removed worms sequentially with a reported pool of 28 potential host shrimp across several taxa.","experimentalUnit":"Individual host for mapped attachment location; individual cocoon for diameter; nominally individual host-removed worm, although only 13 of 15 worms receive a reported container and survival range; and an unresolved sequence of five worms exposed one host at a time in the host-exchange demonstration","endpoints":["host body location","cocoon diameter and embryo count","observed hatching and gill-chamber entry","days survived after host removal","attachment or predation during host exchange","movement from deteriorating to surviving captive hosts"],"supports":"Among 141 mapped wild hosts, reported H. truncatus locations were 55.3 percent between the first pleopod and fifth pereiopod, 17.0 percent on the carapace, 15.6 percent at the eye base, 8.5 percent on the antennule and 3.6 percent around the egg mass. Twenty-three cocoons measured 0.58 to 0.76 mm, and the largest observed cocoon contained 14 developing worms. Ten worms in 100 mL vials survived 7 to 46 days and three in dishes survived 12 to 21 days after host removal without added food. In the host-exchange observation, all five supplied worms attached to Neocaridina hosts within three hours.","limits":"Host shrimp were resolved only to Neocaridina spp. in a river where native and introduced lineages were discussed, so the findings are not species-specific N. davidi evidence. The 271 total catch, 152 animals mentioned in the attachment procedure and 141 mapped hosts are not fully reconciled, station and date denominators are missing and the location percentages do not state whether each host contributed one location or all worms were counted. No molecular confirmation of host or worm identity was reported in this article. The survival containers differed in volume, light and temperature, two of 15 worms are absent from the reported ranges, ages were unknown, water was not renewed or analytically described, death criteria were not stated and there was no fed or host-present control. The five-worm host exchange omitted exposure order, reuse mapping, independent replication, container details and complete outcomes for 28 potential hosts. Disappearance under an opaque crayfish carapace was interpreted as migration rather than directly confirmed. Claims that egg-bearing hosts hatched healthy young had no defined denominator, comparison or follow-up. Observed migration from deteriorating hosts does not establish transmission probability or a quarantine duration. The study measured no controlled shrimp lesion, respiration, growth, reproduction, mortality causation, treatment efficacy, recurrence or host safety and cannot validate predatory tankmates, forced host deterioration, worm collection, medication or a fixed isolation period.","carePaths":["/care/health","/care/quarantine","/care/anatomy"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"ahn-min-2016-holtodrilus-korea","authors":"Ahn and Min","year":2016,"title":"First report of the branchiobdellidan Holtodrilus truncatus (Annelida: Clitellata) found on the freshwater atyid shrimp Neocaridina sp. from Korea","venue":"Journal of Species Research 5(3): 459-462","url":"https://doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2016.5.3.459","relatedSources":[{"label":"Korea Citation Index open article record and licensed PDF","url":"https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/landing/article.kci?arti_id=ART002159656"}],"sourceTaxon":"Wild stream shrimp identified only as Neocaridina sp.; no host voucher, diagnostic method or molecular host identification reported","evidenceClass":"morphology-taxonomy","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Hand-net collections from Andeok Valley, Jeju-do Province, South Korea on 23 June 2010, 23 August 2015 and 18 May 2016; hosts were preserved directly in 95 percent ethanol at the collection site","lifeStages":["wild Neocaridina host, life stage and sex not reported","preserved Holtodrilus truncatus, less than 2 mm long"],"topics":["health","anatomy","taxonomy","wild-populations"],"design":"The authors removed worms from preserved host exoskeletons under a stereomicroscope, described external and internal morphology, deposited examined material at Inha University and the National Institute of Biological Resources, and extracted whole-body DNA from one worm for partial mitochondrial COI amplification and sequencing.","experimentalUnit":"An unreported number of Neocaridina hosts and removed worms across three collection dates; one whole worm for the 674-base-pair COI sequence; three National Institute of Biological Resources voucher identifiers were listed","endpoints":["geographic and host occurrence","whole-body and jaw morphology","body length","voucher deposition","partial mitochondrial COI sequence"],"supports":"The record establishes morphologically identified H. truncatus on wild Neocaridina sp. at one South Korean stream across material dated in 2010, 2015 and 2016. Described characters included a transparent terete body under 2 mm, no trunk appendages, a posterior sucker about the diameter of the head region and paired jaws with a 7/7 dental formula. Three NIBR voucher identifiers and the first reported 674-base-pair COI sequence for the genus, GenBank KX683299, provide checkable taxonomic anchors.","limits":"The paper does not state the number of hosts collected, hosts carrying worms, worms examined per date, worms per host, sampling effort or whether absence was assessed, so three dated collections do not estimate prevalence, persistence between dates or geographic range. The host remained Neocaridina sp. without a reported voucher or molecular identification. Although examined material was deposited at two institutions, only three NIBR identifiers were listed and the paper does not map individual morphology, image, sequence and voucher records. The single COI sequence created a barcode reference but was not compared with an existing conspecific sequence or used in a phylogenetic or species-delimitation analysis. Immediate ethanol preservation precluded live attachment, movement and host-response observations. The study measured no lesion, respiration, molting, growth, reproduction, mortality, transmission, origin, treatment, recurrence or host safety. It cannot establish N. davidi prevalence, aquarium-trade origin, harmlessness, a phone-image diagnosis, a quarantine duration or a treatment protocol.","carePaths":["/care/health","/care/quarantine","/care/anatomy"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"tanaka-2016-holtodrilus","authors":"Tanaka, Wada and Hamasaki","year":2016,"title":"Distribution of Holtodrilus truncatus, a Branchiobdellidan Ectosymbiotic on Atyid Shrimps in the Kii Peninsula, Western Japan, with Reference to Salinity Tolerance and Host Preference","venue":"Zoological Science 33(2): 154-161","url":"https://doi.org/10.2108/zs150049","sourceTaxon":"Holtodrilus truncatus; field hosts included Paratya compressa, Caridina leucosticta, Caridina multidentata, Caridina typus and Neocaridina denticulata","evidenceClass":"adjacent-evidence","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Field collections at one to eight sites in each of 26 rivers on the Kii Peninsula, Japan, plus 22 to 27 C freshwater laboratory salinity and two-host choice tests","lifeStages":["field-collected atyid shrimp","isolated large Holtodrilus truncatus approximately 5 mm long","similar-sized non-ovigerous male or female shrimp in host-choice tests"],"topics":["health","anatomy","taxonomy","water-parameters","wild-populations"],"design":"The field survey standardized dip-net sampling at ten waterside areas per site and repeated one river seasonally. The salinity study exposed 24, 20, 30, 25 and 12 host-removed worms to nominal 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 3 percent salinity without food, with observation intervals that shortened as salinity rose. Host-choice tests placed one worm with a size-matched pair of Paratya compressa, Caridina leucosticta or Caridina multidentata for 40, 36 and 39 pairwise replicates.","experimentalUnit":"Field host shrimp for occurrence endpoints; an incompletely reported small plastic tank holding two or five isolated worms for salinity exposure; and one worm with one two-shrimp species pair for each host-choice replicate","endpoints":["river and host occurrence","prevalence and intensity on Paratya compressa","host body location","Paratya compressa egg number association","isolated-worm attachment-defined survival","selected host in pairwise choice"],"supports":"Holtodrilus truncatus occurred in 10 of 26 surveyed rivers and on five atyid host species. The only two examined N. denticulata were both recorded with the worm, which establishes occurrence but not prevalence. Isolated-worm survival declined with increasing nominal salinity, including significantly lower survival at 0.5 than 0 percent. In pairwise tests that excluded Neocaridina, worms selected P. compressa over both Caridina species and C. leucosticta over C. multidentata. Cohabitation was not associated with egg number in the measured P. compressa model.","limits":"The direct Neocaridina result is two field animals, not a representative sample. No Neocaridina entered the salinity, host-choice or egg-number analyses. Worms were removed after the host carapace was detached, so salinity was tested on isolated organisms rather than attached worms or living host shrimp. The work measured no treatment efficacy on a host, shrimp survival, sublethal host effect, recurrence or safety margin. Worms shared exposure containers in groups of two or five, the number of independent tanks was not reported, checking frequency differed by concentration, no food was provided, and floating or failure to attach was classified as death. Nominal salinity tolerance cannot validate a salt dip, 30-second exposure, host-safe dose or Neocaridina host preference.","carePaths":["/care/health","/care/quarantine","/care/anatomy"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"kusmintarsih-2025-market-epibionts","authors":"Kusmintarsih et al.","year":2025,"title":"Ectoparasites in Ornamental Shrimps Neocaridina denticulata and Neocaridina palmata from Purbalingga Fish Market Aquariums","venue":"E3S Web of Conferences 609: 02003","url":"https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202560902003","sourceTaxon":"Market-labeled Neocaridina denticulata and Neocaridina palmata; no host-identification method reported","evidenceClass":"morphology-taxonomy","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Two hundred shrimp sampled across more than eight aquariums operated by the only ornamental-shrimp seller at one fish market in Purbalingga, Central Java, Indonesia","lifeStages":["market shrimp reported as male or female; sexing method and life stage were not described"],"topics":["health","anatomy","taxonomy"],"design":"One hundred market-labeled N. denticulata and 100 market-labeled N. palmata were transported in market aquarium water. Gill and cephalothorax material was scraped onto slides and examined by microscopy for organisms reported as sessile bdelloid rotifers, Vorticella sp. and Zoothamnium sp.","experimentalUnit":"Individual examined shrimp, clustered within an unreported number of sampled aquariums from one seller and one claimed river source","endpoints":["presence of reported organism group","host label","reported sex","gill or cephalothorax location"],"supports":"In this one-seller sample, the authors reported at least one of the three organism groups on 156 of 200 examined shrimp, including 78 of 100 under each market species label.","limits":"Aquarium identities and sample counts, collection dates, host-species identification, sexing method, microscope magnification, diagnostic key, stain, image vouchers, molecular confirmation, examiner blinding, confidence intervals and the named statistical test were not reported. The two market labels were reportedly kept together, and the analysis did not account for aquarium clustering. No tissue damage, respiration, behaviour, growth, reproduction, mortality, transmission, treatment or causal disease endpoint was measured. The 78 percent result is not a trade-wide prevalence estimate, does not validate a home diagnosis, does not prove every detected organism was parasitic or harmful and does not establish a treatment indication.","carePaths":["/care/health","/care/quarantine","/care/pests","/care/species"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"schneider-2022-microsporidians","authors":"Schneider et al.","year":2022,"title":"First report of microsporidians in the non-native shrimp Neocaridina davidi from a temperate European stream","venue":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 150: 125-130","url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao03681","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi; Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei and Microsporidium sp. EFB01 as named by the source","evidenceClass":"field-observation","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"One dip-net collection on 14 December 2021 from the Finkelbach, a German tributary of the River Erft, at 9 C, pH 7.65, dissolved oxygen 9.8 mg/L and reported conductivity 620 microS/cm","lifeStages":["75 field-collected adults: 31 females, 44 males and one ovigerous female"],"topics":["health","anatomy","taxonomy","wild-populations"],"design":"Seventy-five ethanol-preserved adults were identified morphologically and screened for microsporidians by PCR from muscle tissue. Three randomly selected hosts received CO1 sequencing. Positive microsporidian amplicons were sequenced, compared with GenBank and placed in maximum-likelihood trees with 999 bootstrap replicates.","experimentalUnit":"Individual field-collected shrimp for PCR detection and carapace length; three randomly selected shrimp for host CO1 confirmation; one stream, one site and one sampling date for the population observation","endpoints":["host identification","PCR-positive microsporidian count","sequence similarity","phylogenetic placement","sex","carapace length","visible epibiont and parasite examination"],"supports":"Four of 75 sampled shrimp were PCR positive for microsporidians. Three yielded sequences reported as 99.56 percent similar to Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei isolates, although only two were suitable for phylogenetic analysis; the fourth yielded the unresolved Microsporidium sp. EFB01 sequence. The three host CO1 sequences were 99.68 percent similar to one Taiwanese N. davidi reference.","limits":"This is a one-date field detection from one German stream, not an aquarium-trade prevalence estimate or a transmission study. Only three hosts received molecular confirmation, and the paper does not report extraction blanks, PCR negative controls, product lengths, histology, tissue lesions, clinical signs, survival, transmission tests or treatment. PCR from muscle tissue cannot establish visible diagnostic characters or disease severity. The three E. hepatopenaei-positive shrimp were smaller than the 71 uninfected shrimp, but no supported inferential comparison was reported and three positives cannot establish growth suppression. Sequence similarity does not establish where either organism originated, that N. davidi introduced it, pathogenicity to native fauna, zoonotic risk or a home treatment.","carePaths":["/care/health","/care/quarantine","/care/surplus"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"prati-2025-la-reunion-microsporidians","authors":"Prati et al.","year":2025,"title":"Paradise under threat: the successful invasion of the freshwater shrimp Neocaridina davidi (Bouvier, 1904) and its microsporidian parasites on La Reunion Island","venue":"BioInvasions Records 14(2): 403-419","url":"https://doi.org/10.3391/bir.2025.14.2.08","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi; Ecytonucleospora hepatopenaei, Orthosomella lipae, Microsporidium sp. SRE01 and Microsporidium sp. SRE02 as named by the source","evidenceClass":"field-observation","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Three freshwater sites in two catchments on La Reunion Island sampled on 15 April 2024 at 24.5 to 26.2 C and 76 to 268 microS/cm conductivity","lifeStages":["120 field-collected shrimp: 24 females including four ovigerous females, 56 males and 40 immatures"],"topics":["health","taxonomy","wild-populations","water-parameters"],"design":"Forty shrimp were dip-netted at each of three sites and preserved immediately in 96 percent ethanol. All were identified morphologically, measured, sexed or classified as immature, dissected, visually screened internally and tested molecularly. Host CO1 and microsporidian SSU rRNA amplicons were Sanger sequenced and placed with reference sequences in maximum-likelihood phylogenies with 1000 bootstrap replicates.","experimentalUnit":"Individual field-collected shrimp for morphology, internal visual screening and molecular detection; one date and three sites in two catchments for the field occurrence observations","endpoints":["host morphology and CO1 identity","sex and life-stage counts","carapace length","microsporidian PCR-positive count","sequence similarity and phylogenetic placement","site occurrence","one-day temperature and conductivity"],"supports":"Five of 120 sampled shrimp were PCR positive for four reported microsporidian sequence types: two Orthosomella lipae detections at the Salazie creek, and one Ecytonucleospora hepatopenaei, one Microsporidium sp. SRE01 and one Microsporidium sp. SRE02 detection at Bras Citronnier. None of the 40 Ravine Seche shrimp was positive. All 120 hosts shared one CO1 haplotype reported as 100 percent similar to the N. davidi reference set.","limits":"This is a one-day field sample from three sites, not an aquarium or trade prevalence estimate. The paper reports no histology, tissue lesions, clinical signs, survival, experimental transmission, pathogenicity or treatment endpoint, and it did not test native co-occurring shrimp for parasites. Ethanol preservation prevented epibiont analysis. The single host CO1 haplotype cannot prove a single introduction, seller line, release event or movement route between catchments. Sequence similarity cannot establish parasite origin or that N. davidi introduced any organism. One Table 2 subgroup is internally inconsistent, listing 16 immatures while reporting two positives as 2 of 14, so subgroup percentages should not be repeated as settled denominators. The one-day site temperature and conductivity readings are not aquarium care limits, and zero of 40 at one site is not proof of absence.","carePaths":["/care/health","/care/quarantine","/care/surplus"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"bochini-2024-brazil-occurrence","authors":"Bochini et al.","year":2024,"title":"Confirmed by integrative taxonomy first and unusual occurrence of the exotic shrimp Neocaridina davidi (Caridea: Atyidae) in Brazil","venue":"Boletim do Instituto de Pesca 50: e849","url":"https://doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305/bip.2024.50.e849","sourceTaxon":"One adult female identified by the source as Neocaridina davidi and deposited as voucher CCDB 6963","evidenceClass":"morphology-taxonomy","speciesRelation":"neocaridina-complex","environment":"One coastal sampling event on 14 February 2022 at Candeias beach, Pernambuco, Brazil, where three double-bottom shrimp-boat trawls recovered one live specimen among filamentous algae","lifeStages":["one adult female with 6.52 mm carapace length"],"topics":["taxonomy","wild-populations","genetics"],"design":"Three double-bottom shrimp-boat trawls on one coastal sampling date yielded the single specimen. It was frozen, preserved in 100 percent ethanol, measured, compared with published morphology methods and sequenced at mitochondrial COI and 16S plus nuclear 18S and H3 loci. COI entered a maximum-likelihood analysis with a model selected by Bayesian information criterion and 1,000 ultrafast bootstrap replicates; the other loci were used as identity checks.","experimentalUnit":"One collected and vouchered adult female for morphology and all four molecular markers; one site, one date and three incompletely quantified trawls for the occurrence observation","endpoints":["voucher identity","carapace length","morphological identification","COI phylogenetic placement and genetic distance","16S sequence","18S sequence","H3 sequence"],"supports":"The source documents one vouchered adult female identified as N. davidi from a Brazilian coastal marine trawl. Its COI sequence was reported at zero genetic distance from selected Polish and Canadian N. davidi sequences, and the authors deposited reported COI, 16S and 18S sequence accessions.","limits":"One animal establishes a specimen occurrence, not an established or reproducing Brazilian population. The study did not report ambient salinity, temperature, depth, capture duration, animal condition after capture, residence time, physiological measurements, osmoregulation, survival, reproduction, abundance, repeated sampling or sampling of the nearby lagoon and estuary. Diagnostic morphological character states were not tabulated, and only COI had a comparative phylogeny; identical short mitochondrial sequences cannot trace a European source, aquarium seller, release event, ancestry or route. The reported H3 identifier SUB14399993 is a submission identifier rather than a standard GenBank accession. An aquarium-trade origin was proposed as the most plausible hypothesis but was not directly tested. This record cannot establish marine tolerance, a salinity acclimation method, South American distribution, population impact, parasite transfer, a trade-line identity or permission to release aquarium animals.","carePaths":["/care/species","/care/surplus"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"prati-2024-feral-parasites","authors":"Prati et al.","year":2024,"title":"Invisible invaders: range expansion of feral Neocaridina davidi offers new opportunities for generalist intracellular parasites","venue":"Biological Invasions 26: 2499-2523","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-024-03324-3","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi","evidenceClass":"field-observation","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"European feral populations with field sampling and molecular parasite work","lifeStages":["field population"],"topics":["health","wild-populations","taxonomy"],"design":"Feral occurrence, environmental conditions and intracellular parasite relationships were investigated.","experimentalUnit":"Field population, site and sampled animal, depending on endpoint","endpoints":["feral occurrence","range expansion","microsporidian detection","environmental context"],"supports":"Feral populations and intracellular parasite associations exist in the sampled locations.","limits":"One site value is not a care boundary, and field parasite detection is not a prevalence estimate for the aquarium trade.","carePaths":["/care/health","/care/quarantine","/care/filtration","/care/species","/care/surplus"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"onuki-2022-lake-biwa","authors":"Onuki and Fuke","year":2022,"title":"Rediscovery of a native freshwater shrimp Neocaridina denticulata and expansion of an invasive species in and around Lake Biwa","venue":"Conservation Genetics 23: 967-980","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-022-01467-1","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina denticulata and invasive Neocaridina davidi","evidenceClass":"morphology-taxonomy","speciesRelation":"neocaridina-complex","environment":"Nineteen field sites around Lake Biwa","lifeStages":["field-collected specimens"],"topics":["taxonomy","wild-populations"],"design":"Genome-wide SNPs, mitochondrial data and morphology were combined across sites.","experimentalUnit":"Field-collected specimen nested within site","endpoints":["species assignment","population structure","site occurrence"],"supports":"Native and invasive lineages can require combined genetic and morphological evidence to distinguish.","limits":"Colour or a seller label cannot reproduce the identification, and occurrence does not create aquarium care limits.","carePaths":["/care/species","/care/surplus"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"yang-2024-integrative-taxonomy","authors":"Yang et al.","year":2024,"title":"Integrative Taxonomy Reveals New Insights into the Species Validity of the Neocaridina davidi-N. denticulata-N. heteropoda Complex","venue":"Current Issues in Molecular Biology 46: 12279-12298","url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46110729","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi, N. denticulata and N. heteropoda complex","evidenceClass":"morphology-taxonomy","speciesRelation":"neocaridina-complex","environment":"Integrative specimen study from the Baiyangdian drainage area","lifeStages":["preserved specimens"],"topics":["taxonomy","anatomy"],"design":"Morphological characters, mitogenomes, genetic distances and phylogeny were compared across three forms.","experimentalUnit":"Examined specimen and sequence","endpoints":["morphological differentiation","mitogenomic distance","phylogenetic placement"],"supports":"A published proposal to combine several named forms under Neocaridina denticulata.","limits":"The current DecaNet authority has not adopted that proposal, and the paper does not identify aquarium stock from colour.","carePaths":["/care/species","/care/anatomy"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"melo-2023-nitrogen","authors":"Melo","year":2023,"title":"Efeito de compostos nitrogenados no camarão Neocaridina davidi e na rã Aquarana catesbeiana","venue":"Doctoral thesis, Federal University of Minas Gerais","url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1843/81188","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Renewed 96-hour acute laboratory exposures at about 25 C","lifeStages":["juvenile"],"topics":["nitrogen","health"],"design":"Separate total-ammonia and nitrite experiments used a control plus five treatments, two vessels per treatment and ten juveniles per vessel.","experimentalUnit":"Exposure vessel, not each shrimp","endpoints":["96-hour mortality","median lethal estimates","gill histology"],"supports":"Direct acute juvenile ammonia and nitrite exposure-response estimates with stated nitrogen reporting bases.","limits":"A doctoral thesis with limited treatment replication does not provide chronic nitrate, chronic no-effect levels, transport limits or home targets.","carePaths":["/care/nitrogen","/care/water-changes","/care/health","/care/testing"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"hu-2019-insecticides","authors":"Hu et al.","year":2019,"title":"Effects of the juvenile hormone analogue insecticides fenoxycarb and methoprene on Neocaridina davidi","venue":"Environmental Pollution","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.120","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Chronic laboratory chemical exposure","lifeStages":["growing shrimp"],"topics":["chemical-exposure","growth","health"],"design":"Defined fenoxycarb and methoprene exposures were compared with controls.","experimentalUnit":"Exposure treatment culture unit","endpoints":["body length","molting frequency","cuticle-related pathways","metabolism"],"supports":"The tested insecticides changed growth, molting and molecular outcomes under the exposure design.","limits":"It does not establish that every pesticide acts the same way or identify a home exposure from behaviour or molting alone.","carePaths":["/care/chemical-safety","/care/molting","/care/health"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"ostrozka-2022-dimethoate","authors":"Ostróżka et al.","year":2022,"title":"Can insecticide-free clean water regenerate the midgut epithelium of the freshwater shrimp after dimethoate treatment?","venue":"Micron 154: 103162","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micron.2021.103162","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"One to three weeks of laboratory exposure followed by clean-water recovery","lifeStages":["adult"],"topics":["chemical-exposure","anatomy","health"],"design":"Midgut tissues were compared across dimethoate exposure and recovery intervals.","experimentalUnit":"Animal and prepared midgut tissue","endpoints":["midgut tissue damage","cellular regeneration","recovery interval"],"supports":"The tested exposure damaged midgut tissues and recovery responses differed among organs and intervals.","limits":"It does not establish that a fixed clean-water period clears an aquarium or restores every biological endpoint.","carePaths":["/care/chemical-safety","/care/anatomy","/care/health"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"ostrozka-2024-nickel","authors":"Ostróżka et al.","year":2024,"title":"Toxic effects of nickel on tolerance and regeneration in the freshwater shrimp Neocaridina davidi","venue":"The European Zoological Journal","url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24750263.2024.2310041","relatedSources":[{"label":"CC BY quantitative and image dataset","url":"https://doi.org/10.18150/KEW0KP"}],"sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Adult shrimp exposed individually to nickel chloride for one or two weeks, followed by one or two weeks in clean water at 21 C, pH 7 and GH 10","lifeStages":["adult"],"topics":["chemical-exposure","anatomy","health"],"design":"The authors first screened nominal 0.09, 0.9 and 3.63 mg Ni/L, selected 3.63 mg Ni/L after observing about 50 percent mortality at 14 days, then compared one- and two-week exposures and one- or two-week clean-water periods. Whole-body nickel, midgut structure, reserves, reactive-oxygen and cell-death measures were assessed. The linked CC BY deposit supplies quantitative tables and microscopy files.","experimentalUnit":"Individually held adult for exposure, with animal, whole-body preparation or isolated organ used according to endpoint. The deposited TXRF table has three numbered samples per group, while reactive-oxygen tables contain uneven row counts and repeated analysis dates that do not identify every row as an independent animal.","endpoints":["preliminary mortality","whole-body nickel","intestinal degeneration","hepatopancreatic change","reserve material","reactive oxygen species","autophagic signals","apoptosis and necrosis","clean-water response"],"supports":"At the selected high nominal nickel treatment, adults accumulated nickel and showed organ- and time-associated cellular damage; some measured changes persisted after one or two weeks in clean water.","limits":"The approximately 50 percent 14-day mortality was a preliminary selection observation, not a reported formal LC50 estimate with uncertainty. The deposit measures nickel in whole-shrimp samples, not the exposure water, so 3.63 mg Ni/L remains nominal; the recovery groups necessarily contained survivors, controls remained in the continuous culture and the repository does not resolve whether every reactive-oxygen row is a biological unit rather than a repeat or batch observation. It does not establish whole-animal recovery, a household threshold, a copper or fertilizer limit, or a diagnosis from appearance.","carePaths":["/care/chemical-safety","/care/anatomy","/care/health"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"ostrozka-2025-nickel-homeostasis","authors":"Ostróżka et al.","year":2025,"title":"Relationship between different toxic effects of nickel on tolerance and recovery in the freshwater shrimp Neocaridina davidi","venue":"The European Zoological Journal 92(1): 876-895","url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24750263.2025.2533312","relatedSources":[{"label":"CC BY quantitative and image dataset","url":"https://doi.org/10.18150/Z04VGN"}],"sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Adult shrimp held individually in 0.5-litre cups at 21 C, pH 7 and GH 10 during nominal 3.63 mg Ni/L exposure for one or two weeks and one or two subsequent clean-water weeks","lifeStages":["adult male","adult female"],"topics":["chemical-exposure","anatomy","health"],"design":"A continuation using the 2024 nickel experiment scheme measured cell-cycle distribution, Ki67 proliferation, ATP and ADP/ATP, mitochondrial membrane potential, HSP70 and MnSOD in intestine and hepatopancreas. Five specimens represented each control or experimental group for each qualitative and quantitative method except Western blot. The prepublication CC BY deposit supplies the mitochondrial-potential and luminometry values plus microscopy and blot images.","experimentalUnit":"Individually exposed adult and its isolated organ or cell preparation, with five deposited values per group and organ for mitochondrial potential, ATP and ADP/ATP. The files do not provide specimen identifiers linking endpoints or establish whether the same five animals supplied each method; whether this was a new animal cohort independent of the 2024 publication was not stated.","endpoints":["cell-cycle distribution","Ki67-positive cells","ATP concentration","ADP to ATP ratio","mitochondrial membrane potential","HSP70","MnSOD"],"supports":"The one high nominal nickel treatment produced organ- and time-associated changes in proliferation, energy and mitochondrial measures. Some measures returned toward control values during clean-water periods while others did not.","limits":"This publication continues the prior nickel research program and uses its experimental scheme, so it is not evidence of an independent dose replication. Water concentration was not analytically verified, the control was the continuous culture rather than a separately described time-matched cup group, recovery groups were conditional on survival and only five values represented each deposited quantitative method group. The deposit does not link values across methods or prove independent reuse of animals. It did not measure whole-animal recovery, behaviour, reproduction or a safe household concentration.","carePaths":["/care/chemical-safety","/care/anatomy","/care/health"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"maciaszek-2021-substrate-choice","authors":"Maciaszek et al.","year":2021,"title":"All Shades of Shrimp: Preferences of Colour Morphs of a Freshwater Shrimp Neocaridina davidi for Substrata of Different Colouration","venue":"Animals 11(4): 1071","url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11041071","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Short laboratory choice trials in circular dishes at 20 to 21 C with printed shade and pattern backgrounds","lifeStages":["experimental adult shrimp from brown, red and white morphs"],"topics":["habitat","behaviour","colour"],"design":"Groups of three same-morph shrimp were acclimated for one hour and filmed for one hour across shade, colour and pattern choices, usually with eight dish replicates.","experimentalUnit":"Dish containing three shrimp, not each occupancy observation","endpoints":["time in background zones","shade choice","pattern choice","photographic body shade"],"supports":"The tested morph groups preferred darker over lighter backgrounds during the short choice trials, with some morph-specific pattern results.","limits":"The trials did not measure long-term welfare, stress, growth, survival, reproduction or a required aquarium substrate.","carePaths":["/care/habitat","/care/behaviour","/care/colours"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"marques-2018-light-spectrum-thesis","authors":"Marques","year":2018,"title":"Estudos do comportamento do camarão Neocaridina davidi var red quando exposto a diferentes espetros de luz","venue":"Integrated MSc dissertation in Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon","url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/15250","sourceTaxon":"Commercial adult shrimp labelled Neocaridina davidi var red; no morphological or molecular identification method was reported","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Four 15-litre aquaria at a reported 23 C, pH 7 and 60 mg/L GH, each holding 15 adults and two Petri dishes of black stones, with only the left dish illuminated by a white, blue, red or green Marina LED","lifeStages":["commercial adult","unquantified births and molts observed during the trials"],"topics":["habitat","behaviour","colour","health"],"design":"The first four-week trial placed a new 15-shrimp group in each of four aquaria each week while one lamp colour remained assigned to each aquarium. The second 20-day trial kept four 15-shrimp groups in their aquaria while rotating the four lamps every five days. An observer counted shrimp inside the lit Petri dish, inside the unlit Petri dish and elsewhere every five minutes during five one-hour periods per day. Lamp spectra were reported as relative spectral distributions, and the lit-dish count was analysed with a generalized linear mixed model followed by Tukey comparisons.","experimentalUnit":"In the first trial, aquarium and light colour were completely confounded even though four successive shrimp groups entered each tank. In the second, aquarium-period was the assigned unit, giving four five-day tank-periods per colour while the same four groups were counted repeatedly. The thesis reports 5,200 count occasions per trial but does not state the model formula, response family, random effects, repeated-measures correlation, lamp order or carryover treatment.","endpoints":["number inside the lit Petri dish","number inside the unlit Petri dish","number elsewhere in the aquarium","qualitative movement","observed mortality, births and molts"],"supports":"Under this two-dish apparatus, the mean number counted inside the lit dish differed by lamp colour in both trials. Reported lit-dish means were 3.70 red, 1.76 green, 0.93 white and 0.03 blue in the first trial, and 4.03 red, 1.74 green, 1.32 white and 0.01 blue in the rotating-lamp trial. The result supports a short-term colour-associated location-count signal that merits a better controlled replication.","limits":"The thesis does not establish a preferred aquarium spectrum or a welfare ranking. It compared one coloured lit area with one dark area rather than offering simultaneous colour choices, kept the lit area on the left, did not measure or equalize irradiance or illuminance, reported only normalized spectral shapes and did not report observer blinding. Red shrimp can also differ in detectability under different coloured lamps. The stated 20:00 to 08:00 light period does not overlap the stated 09:00 to 19:00 observations, leaving the exposure timing internally unresolved. The first-trial methods state 240 adults while the abstract states n = 120. Phase one cannot separate lamp colour from aquarium; phase two does not report lamp sequence, washout or carryover control; and the statistical formula and random effects are absent despite thousands of correlated repeat counts. Sex, individual identity, lamp output drift and births entering counts were not resolved. No stress biomarker, growth, survival comparison, reproductive rate or chronic colony outcome was measured. Absence of observed deaths and incidental births or molts cannot show comfort, health benefit or reproductive superiority. Do not recommend red light, warn against blue light, specify a spectrum or photoperiod, infer colour vision, or use lamp attraction as a capture method from this study.","carePaths":["/care/habitat","/care/behaviour"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"hou-2024-astaxanthin-hypoxia","authors":"Hou et al.","year":2024,"title":"Enhancing the color and stress tolerance of cherry shrimp using astaxanthin and Bidens pilosa","venue":"PLOS ONE 19(12): e0315585","url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0315585","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi var. red","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Independently filtered six-litre jars at 24 C for 56 days followed by a nine-hour sealed-bottle challenge","lifeStages":["juvenile all-male shrimp"],"topics":["feeding","colour","filtration","health"],"design":"Five diets differing in astaxanthin and Bidens pilosa were compared with repeated colour measurements, gene expression and a later sealed-bottle challenge.","experimentalUnit":"Independently filtered jar for the diet treatment and dissolved-oxygen bottle for the later challenge","endpoints":["CIELAB colour","colour-related gene expression","stress-related gene expression","nine-hour colour stability"],"supports":"The tested additives changed measured colour values and selected gene-expression outcomes under the reported diet and challenge conditions.","limits":"It does not establish genetic colour improvement, permanent grade, general health benefit, transport success or a safe dissolved-oxygen threshold.","carePaths":["/care/feeding","/care/colours","/care/filtration"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"luna-vivaldo-2024-live-microalgae-colour","authors":"Luna-Vivaldo et al.","year":2024,"title":"The coloration of Neocaridina davidi (Bouvier, 1904) (Caridea, Atydae) fed with live microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis and the cyanobacteria Spirulina (Arthrospira) platensis","venue":"Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research 52(2): 298-306","url":"https://doi.org/10.3856/vol52-issue2-fulltext-3000","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Three-day-old juveniles from pet-trade-derived wild, Fire Red and Diamond Blue stocks held for 31 days in maternity baskets within recirculating culture water at 28 C","lifeStages":["three-day-old juvenile through day 34"],"topics":["feeding","colour","anatomy"],"design":"Each phenotype received alginate spheres containing live Haematococcus pluvialis, live Spirulina platensis or no microalgae, while all groups also received the same commercial food. The article reports 11 juveniles per basket and four basket replicates, then measured uropod optical density, chromatophore number and chromatosome area at the end of 31 days.","experimentalUnit":"Supplement-treatment basket containing 11 juveniles, with four basket replicates reported; baskets received shared recirculating culture water, and the one-way ANOVA description does not state that basket or water system was modeled as the independent unit","endpoints":["uropod optical density","chromatophore number","chromatosome area","31-day survival"],"supports":"The two live-microalgae sphere treatments changed selected uropod colour measures relative to the no-microalgae sphere control, with different patterns in wild, Fire Red and Diamond Blue juveniles. All groups had 100 percent survival during the 31-day test.","limits":"Shared recirculating water limits independent system replication, and the allocation and analysis descriptions do not clearly preserve basket-level independence. Imaging occurred only at the endpoint after one minute in ice water, with no blinded scoring or repeated individual baseline stated. Internally inconsistent significance wording for chromatosome area and missing raw data limit reconstruction. Equal survival across every group does not demonstrate a survival benefit. The study did not measure growth, health, reproduction, permanence after withdrawal or genetic change, and it does not validate a commercial powder, spoon dose, home algae culture method, grade guarantee or ice-water handling protocol.","carePaths":["/care/feeding","/care/colours","/care/anatomy"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"tropea-2018-male-contact","authors":"Tropea, Lavarías and López Greco","year":2018,"title":"Getting ready for mating: The importance of male touching as an accelerator of ovarian growth in a caridean shrimp","venue":"Zoology 130: 57-66","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.zool.2018.08.003","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Laboratory social and cue-access treatments involving juvenile focal females","lifeStages":["juvenile female","male and female conspecific"],"topics":["behaviour","breeding"],"design":"Male or female presence and access to physical, visual or short-range cues were manipulated while ovarian development was followed.","experimentalUnit":"Focal juvenile female within an assigned social or cue-access treatment","endpoints":["ovarian growth","time course of maturation","effect of conspecific sex and contact"],"supports":"Male presence accelerated ovarian growth and physical contact was required for the reported effect, while female presence delayed ovarian growth.","limits":"It does not establish a home colony sex ratio, prove a distant pheromone effect or let rapid swimming diagnose mating readiness.","carePaths":["/care/behaviour","/care/breeding"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"serezli-2017-temperature-sex-ratio","authors":"Serezli et al.","year":2017,"title":"To what extent does temperature affect sex ratio in red cherry shrimp?","venue":"Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 26(12): 7575-7579","url":"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322007591_To_what_extent_does_temperature_affect_sex_ratio_in_red_cherry_shrimp_neocaridina_davidi_The_scenario_global_warming_to_offspring_sex_ratio","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Nine laboratory aquaria assigned across 20, 23 and 26 C for 180 days","lifeStages":["offspring followed to sex classification"],"topics":["temperature","breeding","anatomy"],"design":"Three aquaria per temperature were maintained for 180 days and the paper reports sex classification of 30 offspring from each temperature group.","experimentalUnit":"Aquarium for the temperature treatment, with three aquaria per temperature","endpoints":["reported offspring sex ratio","survival"],"supports":"The study reported different offspring sex proportions among its three temperature groups.","limits":"Limited reporting, a small tank design and conflict with another direct study make this a replication target, not a sex-production recipe.","carePaths":["/care/temperature","/care/sexing","/care/breeding"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"sganga-2016-sexual-dimorphism","authors":"Sganga, Piana and López Greco","year":2016,"title":"Sexual dimorphism in a freshwater atyid shrimp with direct development: a geometric morphometrics approach","venue":"Zootaxa 4196(1): 120-128","url":"https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4196.1.7","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi","evidenceClass":"morphology-taxonomy","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Laboratory geometric morphometric study of cultured animals","lifeStages":["adult male","adult female","juvenile female"],"topics":["anatomy","growth","breeding"],"design":"Carapace shape was analysed in 92 animals and second abdominal pleura in 61 after sex assignment from pleopod morphology.","experimentalUnit":"Individual measured shrimp","endpoints":["carapace size and shape","rostrum shape","second pleuron dimensions","sex-associated overlap"],"supports":"Adult females were larger on average and differed in several shapes, while male carapace shape overlapped juvenile female shape.","limits":"Average adult differences do not confirm the sex of every individual, especially a juvenile or an animal shown from one angle.","carePaths":["/care/anatomy","/care/sexing","/care/growth"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"tropea-2015-successive-spawns","authors":"Tropea and López Greco","year":2015,"title":"Female Growth and Offspring Quality over Successive Spawnings in a Caridean Shrimp Neocaridina davidi with Direct Development","venue":"The Biological Bulletin 229(3): 243-254","url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/BBLv229n3p243","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Laboratory culture following females, eggs and offspring across repeated spawnings","lifeStages":["adult female","egg","newly hatched juvenile","juvenile through 30 days"],"topics":["breeding","growth","feeding"],"design":"Female condition, eggs and offspring were measured across five or six consecutive spawns and compared with non-reproducing females where relevant.","experimentalUnit":"Individual female or spawn, with offspring followed under the study protocol","endpoints":["eggs per spawn","egg biochemical composition","hatchlings","hatchling size","juvenile growth","female energy and mass"],"supports":"Later spawns had lower egg lipid and energy measures, and reproduction was associated with lower female energy and body mass under the protocol.","limits":"It does not show that every later brood is inferior, diagnose poor care from female size or create a universal brood limit.","carePaths":["/care/breeding","/care/growth","/care/feeding"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"li-2020-mir26-growth","authors":"Li et al.","year":2020,"title":"A novel microRNA and its pfk target control growth length in the freshwater shrimp Neocaridina heteropoda","venue":"Journal of Experimental Biology 223: jeb223529","url":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.223529","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina heteropoda","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Laboratory molecular and physiological manipulation","lifeStages":["research shrimp used for growth and molt assays"],"topics":["growth","molting","genetics"],"design":"MicroRNA, PFK and related metabolism were manipulated with RNA interference, agomirs, antagomirs and hormone treatments.","experimentalUnit":"Treated animal or prepared biological sample, depending on endpoint","endpoints":["PFK expression","ecdysis interval","body length","metabolites","protein-synthesis signalling"],"supports":"The tested miR-26 and PFK pathway manipulations changed molt interval and body-length outcomes.","limits":"The invasive molecular treatments are not aquarium interventions and do not support a food, mineral or oxygen recipe.","carePaths":["/care/molting","/care/growth","/care/genetics"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"weber-2016-meiofauna","authors":"Weber and Traunspurger","year":2016,"title":"Influence of the ornamental red cherry shrimp Neocaridina davidi on freshwater meiofaunal assemblages","venue":"Limnologica 59: 155-161","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.limno.2016.06.001","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Forty-two-day freshwater model ecosystems with repeated community sampling","lifeStages":["research shrimp and freshwater meiofauna"],"topics":["feeding","habitat","health"],"design":"Shrimp and comparison microcosms were sampled repeatedly, followed by endpoint stomach-content examination of 40 shrimp.","experimentalUnit":"Model ecosystem for community effects and individual stomach for content observations","endpoints":["meiofaunal density","biomass","secondary production","community structure","stomach contents"],"supports":"Shrimp changed measured meiofaunal assemblages, and stomachs contained detritus, algae and several meiofaunal groups.","limits":"The study did not test fish feces, aquarium sanitation, nutrient export, named pest danger or a whole-tank algae-clearance rate.","carePaths":["/care/algae","/care/feeding","/care/pests"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"bauer-2021-cladogonium-outbreak","authors":"Bauer et al.","year":2021,"title":"Association of the alga Cladogonium sp. with a multifactorial disease outbreak in dwarf shrimp","venue":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 146: 107-115","url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao03625","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi","evidenceClass":"field-observation","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Diagnostic examination of an imported commercial group during a multifactorial outbreak","lifeStages":["submitted adult or subadult shrimp"],"topics":["health","anatomy","taxonomy"],"design":"Twenty submitted shrimp were assessed with clinical examination, wet mounts, microbiology, histology and sequencing of green pleopodal structures.","experimentalUnit":"Submitted shrimp, tissue section or algal sample, depending on method","endpoints":["organism morphology","sequence placement","cuticle penetration","co-occurring microbes","outbreak mortality history"],"supports":"The green organism was placed near Trentepohliales and rhizoids were observed penetrating cuticle into subcutaneous tissue.","limits":"The multifactorial case does not assign every death to the alga, establish prevalence or let a green phone image confirm the organism.","carePaths":["/care/health","/care/quarantine","/care/anatomy"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"kakui-2022-scutariella","authors":"Kakui and Komai","year":2022,"title":"First record of Scutariella japonica from Hokkaido, Japan, and notes on its host shrimp Neocaridina sp. aff. davidi","venue":"Aquatic Animals 2022: AA2022-1","url":"https://doi.org/10.34394/aquaticanimals.2022.0_AA2022-1","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina sp. aff. davidi","evidenceClass":"morphology-taxonomy","speciesRelation":"neocaridina-complex","environment":"Field-collected host and associated worm specimens from Hokkaido, Japan","lifeStages":["field-collected host shrimp and associated worms"],"topics":["health","taxonomy","anatomy","wild-populations"],"design":"Associated worms and host shrimp were examined for a regional record and taxonomic identification.","experimentalUnit":"Collected host or associated worm specimen","endpoints":["worm identification","host association","regional occurrence"],"supports":"A method-based record of Scutariella japonica associated with the source host identification.","limits":"Occurrence does not establish aquarium prevalence, severity, treatment efficacy or identification from a distant white shape.","carePaths":["/care/health","/care/quarantine","/care/pests","/care/species"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"guz-2026-aeromonas-challenge","authors":"Guz et al.","year":2026,"title":"Pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila in Ornamental Neocaridina Shrimps: Biochemical Traits and Antibiotic Resistance","venue":"Journal of Fish Diseases 49(7): e70127","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.70127","sourceTaxon":"Ornamental Neocaridina spp.","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Diagnostic isolation followed by laboratory pathogenicity challenges and antimicrobial susceptibility testing","lifeStages":["diseased and challenged ornamental shrimp"],"topics":["health","chemical-exposure"],"design":"Five isolates were identified biochemically and by mass spectrometry, screened for virulence genes, challenged back into shrimp and tested for drug susceptibility.","experimentalUnit":"Infection challenge group or bacterial isolate, depending on endpoint","endpoints":["isolate identity","virulence genes","challenge mortality","lesion reproduction","antimicrobial susceptibility"],"supports":"The tested isolates reproduced disease in challenge animals with isolate-specific mortality and multidrug-resistance patterns.","limits":"A dark lesion or lethargy cannot identify Aeromonas, and isolate resistance results do not authorize an aquarium antibiotic or dose.","carePaths":["/care/health","/care/quarantine","/care/chemical-safety"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"hugger-2025-silver","authors":"Hugger","year":2025,"title":"Differences in solubility behaviour and acute toxicity of ionic silver and silver nanoparticles towards Neocaridina davidi","venue":"Master thesis, University of Vienna","url":"https://doi.org/10.25365/thesis.77737","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Mesocosm exposures in artificial Danube water","lifeStages":["research shrimp used in acute exposure"],"topics":["chemical-exposure","health","water-parameters"],"design":"Ionic silver, PVP-coated nanospheres and uncoated nanopowder were compared with measured dissolved silver and animal accumulation.","experimentalUnit":"Mesocosm exposure unit, not each shrimp sharing the exposure","endpoints":["24-hour mortality","median lethal estimate","dissolved silver","whole-animal accumulation"],"supports":"The three tested silver forms had different dissolution and acute mortality relationships under the mesocosm chemistry.","limits":"A master thesis acute result is not a chronic safe value, copper proxy, product limit or household aquarium target.","carePaths":["/care/chemical-safety","/care/health","/care/testing"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"mcivor-2026-microplastics","authors":"McIvor et al.","year":2026,"title":"Microplastics Affecting Population Growth, Mortality and Life Stages of Cherry Shrimp, Neocaridina davidi","venue":"Aquaculture Research 2026(1): 6618042","url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/are/6618042","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi, red cherry variant","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Twelve 30-litre aquaria with sponge filtration and five months of smooth polystyrene-sphere exposure","lifeStages":["adult founder","juvenile","subadult","adult population classes"],"topics":["chemical-exposure","health","growth","breeding","stocking"],"design":"Three aquaria per treatment received 0, 20, 2000 or 20000 smooth 38 to 45 micrometre particles per litre, starting with 20 females and five males per aquarium.","experimentalUnit":"Thirty-litre aquarium, with three aquaria per concentration","endpoints":["particle ingestion","monthly mortality","counts by size class","post-exposure mortality"],"supports":"The two higher tested concentrations increased mortality and changed population size-class counts under the five-month exposure.","limits":"Fecundity, gonads and individual growth trajectories were not measured, so size-class counts do not directly establish slower reproduction or individual growth rates; the treatments are not aquarium safety thresholds.","carePaths":["/care/chemical-safety","/care/health","/care/growth","/care/stocking"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"kucera-2022-microplastics","authors":"Kucera et al.","year":2022,"title":"Polystyrene Microparticles and the Functional Traits of Invertebrates: A Case Study on Freshwater Shrimp Neocardina heteropoda","venue":"Fishes 7(6): 323","url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes7060323","sourceTaxon":"Neocardina heteropoda, as spelled in the paper","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Laboratory aquaria at 20 C with 0.2 to 0.5 mm virgin polystyrene particles at a nominal 8 mg/L","lifeStages":["juvenile"],"topics":["chemical-exposure","health","behaviour"],"design":"Two sequential batches each assigned three tanks to polystyrene exposure and three tanks to control water; 10 shrimp per condition were measured after 7 and 14 days in each batch.","experimentalUnit":"Aquarium for exposure assignment; behaviour and oxygen consumption were then measured on selected individual shrimp","endpoints":["swimming speed","acceleration","distance moved","standard metabolic rate","particle presence"],"supports":"At the tested particle size and nominal concentration, exposed shrimp showed greater activity measures and lower standard metabolic rate than controls, with speed and acceleration differences appearing by day 14.","limits":"The published mixed model did not list aquarium as a random effect even though exposure was assigned by tank. One high nominal concentration, short duration and virgin spherical particles do not establish a household threshold, chronic outcome or effect of other plastics.","carePaths":["/care/chemical-safety"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"klein-2021-palmata-microplastics","authors":"Klein, Hess, Nungess, Schulte-Oehlmann and Oehlmann","year":2021,"title":"Particle shape does not affect ingestion and egestion of microplastics by the freshwater shrimp Neocaridina palmata","venue":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28: 62246-62254","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15068-x","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina palmata, White Pearl variety as purchased","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Individual shrimp in 500 mL laboratory vessels containing reconstituted water, with particles settled before each 24-hour exposure","lifeStages":["adult selected by size"],"topics":["chemical-exposure","feeding","health"],"design":"One independent run used eight one-shrimp vessels per treatment. A 24-hour concentration series compared fluorescent polyethylene bead mixtures or milled polyvinyl chloride fragments, a separate fragment series added food, and separate groups exposed at 20000 particles/L were either sampled immediately or moved to particle-free vessels with food for four hours.","experimentalUnit":"Individual 500 mL vessel and shrimp; seven to eight surviving replicates per treatment in one independent run","endpoints":["particles in rinsed whole-shrimp lysate","particles recovered from excretions","body length","sex","observed mortality"],"supports":"Under this protocol, mean particle recovery in whole-shrimp lysates rose across the 24-hour concentration series, smaller beads were recovered more often than larger beads, particles appeared in four-hour excretion samples and adding food did not produce a significant fragment-uptake difference.","limits":"The source used N. palmata rather than N. davidi and did not independently verify the White Pearl trade identity. Shape was confounded with polymer, size distribution, suspension preparation and optical detection; fragments at or below 5 micrometres were excluded. The supplement reports group summaries rather than animal-level data, one incomplete nominal-versus-actual concentration example, separate highly variable immediate and four-hour groups and no outlier identities or corrected results. Three deaths across different treatments do not establish particle toxicity. Whole-animal lysate cannot localize particles to gut or tissue, and the study measured no chronic survival, growth, reproduction, histology or home-aquarium threshold.","carePaths":["/care/chemical-safety"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"lima-2023-snail-mantle-feed","authors":"Lima","year":2023,"title":"Females weigh more: evaluation of Neocaridina davidi growth and use of the alternative food Biomphalaria glabrata snail","venue":"UNESP undergraduate thesis, 22 pages","url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11449/252406","sourceTaxon":"Aquarium-shop Neocaridina davidi stock and aquarium-shop Biomphalaria glabrata; diagnostic methods and snail infection status were not reported","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Fifty-six-day laboratory feeding experiment at 25 C in individual 600 mL beakers with 1.6 g wet Java moss, daily partial water replacement and biofilm removal every 14 days","lifeStages":["one-week post-hatch juvenile","sexed at day 56"],"topics":["feeding","growth","health"],"design":"Forty-two one-week-old shrimp were randomly selected and individually assigned as 14 animals per treatment to excess daily Sano S-PAK pellets, excised B. glabrata mantle, or an equal pellet-and-mantle offering. Animals were weighed every 14 days and sexed after 56 days.","experimentalUnit":"Individual 600 mL beaker containing one shrimp. The final analysis and figure contain 14 pellet, 13 snail-only and 13 mixed animals, but the loss of two of the 42 starters is not reconciled with the reported 100 percent survival.","endpoints":["initial and final wet mass","mass gain","daily mass gain","specific growth rate","day-56 phenotypic sex","reported survival"],"supports":"Under this short individual-beaker protocol, the reported two-factor ANOVA detected no feeding-treatment main effect on mass gain and detected a sex main effect, with females gaining more mass than males.","limits":"Failure to detect a treatment difference is not an equivalence or noninferiority test, and the small post-hoc sex groups were highly imbalanced. Food was offered in excess, but portion, consumed mass, leftovers, leaching and feed conversion were not measured. Snail mantle composition, pathogen screening, storage and water effects were not tested, and the snails had been raised on the same pellet used as the comparator. The abstract swaps the snail-only and mixed sex counts relative to the results, the stated 100 percent survival conflicts with 42 starters and 40 analyzed animals, and the mixed-female table mean of 0.335 g is impossible relative to the treatment final mass and plotted values. The paper reports no diet-by-sex interaction, exact treatment contrasts, power or raw data. It cannot establish that snail tissue is nutritionally complete, equivalent to formulated feed, pathogen-safe, humane to prepare, suitable as an infestation-control method or appropriate for routine home feeding.","carePaths":["/care/feeding","/care/growth","/care/health"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"klein-2021-palmata-plastic-leachates","authors":"Klein, Hess, Schulte-Oehlmann and Oehlmann","year":2021,"title":"Locomotor behavior of Neocaridina palmata: a study with leachates from UV-weathered microplastics","venue":"PeerJ 9: e12442","url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12442","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina palmata, White Pearl variety as purchased; identity was not independently verified","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Adult shrimp held individually for 14 days in 200 mL of reconstituted water with concentrated, particle-filtered extracts from one recycled LDPE material or one starch-blend foil","lifeStages":["adult selected by body length"],"topics":["behaviour","chemical-exposure","health","molting"],"design":"Four material-by-weathering experiments each used eight one-shrimp vessels per concentration at 0.40, 1.00, 2.50, 6.25 or 15.6 g plastic equivalents/L plus medium, DMSO and lethal sodium-chloride controls. Movement was recorded on days 1, 3, 7 and 14. Separate three-run Microtox tests used the same pooled extracts.","experimentalUnit":"Individual 600 mL beaker containing one shrimp and 200 mL medium for the in vivo response; duplicate 24-hour leachates were combined into one extract per material and weathering condition, so shrimp vessels did not independently replicate leachate preparation","endpoints":["moved distance","frozen events","daily observed mortality","daily molting","body length","sex","Aliivibrio fischeri luminescence inhibition"],"supports":"The concentrated extracts inhibited bacterial luminescence, but moved distance and frozen events in shrimp showed high individual variation, few isolated differences and no consistent concentration-response across the four material-by-weathering experiments.","limits":"The in vivo treatments were particle-filtered extracts expressed as source-plastic equivalents, not particles, identified chemical doses or aquarium-product exposures. The two leachate duplicates were pooled, extracts were 5000-fold concentrated, the study did not chemically analyze its own mixtures and the lethal sodium-chloride group was excluded from the 896-trajectory analysis. Two locomotor endpoints cannot establish overall safety or absence of harm. The work did not test N. davidi, growth, reproduction, histology, chronic exposure, natural weathering or a home-aquarium threshold. Four raw XLSX supplements were available but could not be audited in this intake because the required workbook runtime was unavailable.","carePaths":["/care/chemical-safety","/care/behaviour"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"rodriguez-2024-eugenol-sedation","authors":"Rodriguez et al.","year":2024,"title":"Development and testing of a sedation protocol for Neocaridina davidi","venue":"Scientific Reports 14: 9536","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-60158-8","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Individual 300 mL laboratory immersion baths using eugenol dissolved with ethanol","lifeStages":["research animal about 20 mm or larger"],"topics":["anatomy","behaviour","chemical-exposure","health"],"design":"Sequential concentration and exposure-time series assessed visible sedation, movement, image-derived heart rate and recovery in clean tank water.","experimentalUnit":"Individual shrimp immersion and observation; concentration series were run sequentially rather than as replicated aquaria","endpoints":["time to observed sedation","movement during sedation","image-derived heart rate","observable recovery"],"supports":"Eugenol immersion reduced movement and image-derived heart rate under the tested research protocol, with substantial individual response variation at lower concentrations.","limits":"The study did not include an ethanol-only vehicle control, long-term survival or chronic sublethal follow-up. Observable recovery is not proof of no harm, and the research imaging protocol is not a home handling, treatment or euthanasia instruction.","carePaths":["/care/anatomy"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"azarm-karnagh-2023-noise","authors":"Azarm-Karnagh, López Greco and Shafiei Sabet","year":2023,"title":"Annoying noise: effect of anthropogenic underwater noise on the movement and feeding performance in the red cherry shrimp, Neocaridina davidi","venue":"Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 11: 1091314","url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2023.1091314","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Single laboratory test aquarium comparing 20-minute ambient playback near 96.54 dB with broadband playback near 110.40 dB re 1 micropascal over 400 to 2000 Hz","lifeStages":["mature male","mature female"],"topics":["behaviour","feeding","habitat"],"design":"Two behavioural experiments each used 70 food-deprived shrimp, with 35 individual trials per playback condition and treatment order randomized across sequential trials.","experimentalUnit":"Individual trial in one experimental aquarium; aquarium and speaker arrangement were not independently replicated","endpoints":["movement speed","horizontal position","feeding latency","food finding","food revisits","feeding distraction"],"supports":"In the tested aquarium, broadband playback changed horizontal distribution and several food-finding and feeding measures compared with ambient playback; total movement speed did not differ between treatments.","limits":"One small-tank sound field cannot identify a safe equipment noise level. Particle motion was not measured, the aquarium was not replicated and divider removal coincided with playback onset for part of the design.","carePaths":["/care/behaviour"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"tropea-2019-social-sex","authors":"Tropea and Lopez Greco","year":2019,"title":"Effect of social environment on sexual differentiation in the highly gregarious red cherry shrimp Neocaridina davidi","venue":"Canadian Journal of Zoology 97(8): 705-712","url":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2018-0284","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Twenty small laboratory aquaria at 27 C, each containing one newly hatched brood with seven adult males or seven adult females for 50 days","lifeStages":["newly hatched juvenile","50-day-old juvenile","adult male","adult female"],"topics":["breeding","anatomy"],"design":"Twenty first-spawn broods were randomly assigned by aquarium to an all-male or all-female adult social environment, with 10 aquaria per treatment; one female-environment brood was excluded after unusually high juvenile mortality.","experimentalUnit":"Brood aquarium, with 10 assigned aquaria per treatment before one exclusion","endpoints":["juvenile phenotypic sex ratio","50-day survival","body mass","newly hatched brood count"],"supports":"Seven adult males versus seven adult females did not shift the juvenile phenotypic sex ratio away from 1:1 or produce a treatment difference in sex ratio under this 50-day protocol.","limits":"The study did not compare a no-adult control, different adult densities, temperature effects, molecular sex markers or reproductive success after day 50. A null result in these two social treatments does not prove one universal genetic sex-determination mechanism.","carePaths":["/care/sexing","/care/breeding"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"liu-sung-2011-nonylphenol-transcripts","authors":"Liu and Sung","year":2011,"title":"Genes are differentially expressed at transcriptional level of Neocaridina denticulata following short-term exposure to nonylphenol","venue":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 87(3): 220-225","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-011-0338-4","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina denticulata","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Twenty-litre glass aquaria with 18 litres of pond water at 28 C, pH 6.9 to 7.5, dissolved oxygen above 4 mg/L and one-day nominal nonylphenol exposure","lifeStages":["research shrimp 2 to 3 cm long"],"topics":["chemical-exposure","health","genetics"],"design":"A preliminary one-day mortality check used nominal 0.1, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 mg/L nonylphenol. Formal one-day exposures used nominal 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 0.5 mg/L with 60 shrimp described per 18-litre treatment aquarium and a diluted DMSO solvent control. Suppression subtractive hybridization at 0.5 mg/L generated candidate expressed sequence tags, followed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR across the concentration series.","experimentalUnit":"Exposure aquarium for treatment assignment and pooled whole-animal RNA sample for transcript analysis. The accessible methods describe one aquarium per concentration and do not report independently replicated treatment vessels or random allocation. At least five RT-PCR pools were made from 50 animals, so animals within a pool were not independent transcript replicates.","endpoints":["preliminary one-day mortality","expressed sequence tags","semi-quantitative transcript abundance"],"supports":"After one day, 14 selected transcripts differed from the solvent control under at least one nominal nonylphenol treatment, with most reported responses being downregulation. This establishes a short-term pooled whole-animal transcriptional response under the tested laboratory protocol.","limits":"Concentrations were nominal and not analytically verified. Independent exposure-vessel replication was not reported, whole animals were pooled, and no multiplicity correction was described across genes and concentrations. The abstract says six transcripts responded at 0.01 mg/L while the results text says five, and a figure labels the comparator PBS-treated even though the methods describe a DMSO solvent control. A one-day mRNA change does not establish protein abundance, functional impairment, chronic harm, recovery, behaviour, disease, reproduction, an aquarium threshold, a household product diagnosis or a biomarker protocol.","carePaths":["/care/chemical-safety"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"tsai-sung-2013-dprp-transcripts","authors":"Tsai and Sung","year":2013,"title":"Development of Ecotoxicogenomic Biomarkers on the Freshwater Shrimp (Neocaridina denticulate) Following Short-Term Exposure to Dipropyl Phthalate","venue":"International Journal of Ecology 2(4): 38-49","url":"https://doi.org/10.12677/IJE.2013.24007","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina denticulata in the Chinese title and methods; Neocaridina denticulate in the English title","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Aquarium-store shrimp acclimated for three days in 30 cm glass culture aquaria with pond water, fine sand, plants, an approximately 150 L/hour hang-on filter, eight hours of plant lighting and daily dried mosquito larvae","lifeStages":["aquarium-store research shrimp of unreported size and sex"],"topics":["chemical-exposure","health","genetics"],"design":"The discovery procedure exposed shrimp to nominal 50 mg/L dipropyl phthalate for two hours followed by 12 hours in DPrP-free pond water before pooled RNA extraction. The concentration-response validation exposed groups for one day to nominal 0.5, 1 or 50 mg/L DPrP or DPrP-free pond water. DPrP stocks were prepared in acetone, but the control was not described as acetone matched. Suppression subtractive hybridization generated candidate expressed sequence tags, and 12 selected targets were checked by semi-quantitative RT-PCR.","experimentalUnit":"The paper describes three concentration groups and one control without reporting the number of independent exposure vessels, random allocation or a vessel-level analysis. Ten shrimp were pooled for each RNA sample, while the statistics section instead says each of at least five replicates used at least five shrimp, leaving the pooled biological-replicate construction internally inconsistent.","endpoints":["subtracted cDNA library","unique expressed sequence tags","semi-quantitative transcript abundance for 12 selected targets"],"supports":"The paper recovered 71 unique expressed sequence tags, including 23 matched to known-function sequences and 48 labelled unknown. Its main results, figures and summary table report that 4 of 12 selected transcripts differed from the control at nominal 0.5 mg/L, 8 at 1 mg/L and 6 at 50 mg/L after one day under the tested protocol.","limits":"Concentrations were nominal and not analytically verified, acetone was not matched in the control, independent exposure-vessel replication was not reported, whole animals were pooled, control points were normalized rather than shown, and no multiplicity correction was described. The English abstract says all six responsive targets at 50 mg/L were upregulated, while the Chinese abstract, main text, figures and table show downregulation. The table footnote mistakenly names nonylphenol, and the abstract one-day discovery wording conflicts with the methods describing two hours of exposure plus 12 hours in clean water. Transcript changes do not establish protein abundance, immune competence, toxicity, survival, disease susceptibility, chronic harm, a plastic-product diagnosis, an aquarium threshold or a validated biomarker panel.","carePaths":["/care/chemical-safety"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"li-2015-copper-chlorpyrifos","authors":"Li et al.","year":2015,"title":"Physiological Response of Neocaridina denticulate to the Toxicity of Cu2+ and Chlorpyrifos","venue":"Environmental Science 36(2): 727-735","url":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.2015.02.047","sourceTaxon":"Wild animals from vegetation around Dianshan Lake labelled Neocaridina denticulate; no diagnostic or molecular identification method reported","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Two-litre beakers in temperature-controlled water baths using aerated tap water at 23 +/- 1 C, pH 7.2 to 7.7, hardness about 205.95 mg/L as CaCO3 and dissolved oxygen above 5.80 mg/L","lifeStages":["wild-source research shrimp 1.9 to 2.3 cm long and 0.10 to 0.13 g"],"topics":["chemical-exposure","health"],"design":"Separate five-day semi-static series used nominal copper-ion treatments of 0.086, 0.172, 0.344 and 0.688 mg/L and nominal chlorpyrifos treatments of 0.0015, 0.0030, 0.0060 and 0.0120 micrograms/L. Each concentration was described as three parallel 2-litre beakers with 20 shrimp per beaker, daily solution renewal, no feeding and blank-water and chlorpyrifos vehicle controls. Three shrimp per group were destructively sampled on each day for muscle homogenate assays.","experimentalUnit":"The two-litre exposure beaker, described as three parallel beakers per concentration. The methods do not state how the three shrimp sampled at each time were distributed among or pooled across those beakers, although results are described as means of three parallel groups.","endpoints":["five-day mortality observation","muscle protein concentration","muscle malondialdehyde content","muscle total superoxide dismutase activity","muscle acetylcholinesterase activity"],"supports":"Under the tested semi-static protocols, nominal copper-ion and chlorpyrifos concentration series were associated with time-varying muscle protein, lipid-peroxidation and enzyme-activity measurements. No deaths were reported through five days in these sublethal treatment groups.","limits":"The wild-source taxon was not independently verified as N. davidi, concentrations were nominal rather than analytically measured, animals were fasted for five days and sampling-to-beaker mapping is unclear. The paper cites 96-hour LC50 values from earlier work to select its fractions but does not provide that acute experiment, uncertainty or full analysis, so those values are not results of this five-day series. Repeated t tests and one-way ANOVAs across concentration-by-day contrasts had no reported multiplicity or repeated-time model, and the text contains concentration-label inconsistencies. Muscle biomarkers do not establish a no-effect level, chronic safety, diagnosis, antidote, aquarium dose or universal copper or pesticide threshold.","carePaths":["/care/chemical-safety","/care/health"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"kim-2018-copper-transcripts","authors":"Kim et al.","year":2018,"title":"Gene expression profiling and expression analysis of freshwater shrimp (Neocaridina denticulata denticulata) using expressed sequence tags and short-term exposure to copper","venue":"Journal of Environmental Biology 39(1): 51-57","url":"https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/39/1/PRN-108","sourceTaxon":"Ten wild Lake Chang Pyung animals and separate exposure animals labelled Neocaridina denticulata denticulata; no diagnostic or molecular identification method reported, and the exposure-animal source was not separately stated","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Aerated natural lake water for the baseline cDNA library; copper-exposure conditions reported as 20 C, pH 8.0, dissolved oxygen above 5.6 mg/L and 28 PSU salinity, despite the freshwater lake animal description","lifeStages":["wild-source whole animals of unreported size and sex","copper-exposure animals of unreported source, size and sex"],"topics":["chemical-exposure","health","genetics"],"design":"A baseline whole-body cDNA library from ten non-exposed wild shrimp produced 1,247 high-quality expressed sequence tags and 603 unique sequences. A separate short-term copper experiment used three shrimp per treatment, a time series at 0, 1, 3, 6, 9 and 24 hours with the copper concentration unstated, and a 24-hour nominal dose series whose figure labels 0, 1, 2, 5, 10 and 100 micrograms per litre. Pooled whole-body RNA was assayed by real-time RT-PCR for 14 selected transcripts using beta-actin as the sole reference gene.","experimentalUnit":"The report does not identify the exposure container, independent vessel replication or random allocation. Three shrimp are described per treatment and their total RNA was pooled before cDNA synthesis; the triplicate experiments and figure N of 3 therefore do not clearly identify independent biological replicates.","endpoints":["baseline expressed sequence tags and sequence annotation","relative whole-body mRNA abundance for 14 selected targets"],"supports":"Under the reported short-term nominal copper protocol, all 14 selected transcripts varied in at least part of the time or concentration series, and nine were reported to increase by more than two-fold at one or more observations from 1 to 24 hours. This supports a candidate short-term pooled whole-body transcriptional response, not a validated field biomarker.","limits":"The copper material, concentration used for the time series, exposure vessels, independent vessel replication, allocation, acclimation, feeding, water renewal and measured water concentrations were not reported. The prose loses the dose unit while the figure labels micrograms per litre, and the stated 28 PSU salinity conflicts with the freshwater lake description. Pooling makes the biological denominator unclear, beta-actin stability and PCR efficiencies were not reported, and repeated target-by-time and target-by-dose tests had no reported multiplicity model. Transcript changes do not establish protein abundance, toxicity, survival, molting impairment, immune competence, chronic harm, a safe concentration, diagnosis or validated biomarker panel.","carePaths":["/care/chemical-safety"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"siregar-2021-imidacloprid","authors":"Siregar et al.","year":2021,"title":"Exploiting the Freshwater Shrimp Neocaridina denticulata as Aquatic Invertebrate Model to Evaluate Nontargeted Pesticide Induced Toxicity by Investigating Physiologic and Biochemical Parameters","venue":"Antioxidants 10(3): 391","url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10030391","sourceTaxon":"Research-centre animals labelled Neocaridina denticulata; no diagnostic or molecular identification method reported","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Small plastic exposure tanks using reverse-osmosis water at pH 7.0 to 7.5 after seven days of laboratory holding at 26.5 C","lifeStages":["research shrimp averaging 1 to 1.5 cm total length; sex not reported"],"topics":["chemical-exposure","behaviour","health"],"design":"A commercial 28.8 percent imidacloprid formulation was diluted to nominal 0.03125, 0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 ppm for up to 96 hours. The paper describes 20 shrimp in one 200 mL plastic tank per treatment and 12 animals per group for movement, heartbeat and maxilliped-movement endpoints. A separate four-group series placed 24 animals per 500 mL tank, exposed three groups to nominal 1 ppm imidacloprid for 24 hours, then transferred them to fresh water or nominal 0.1 or 1 ppm acetylcholine for three days.","experimentalUnit":"Exposure tank for treatment assignment, apparently one tank per concentration or rescue group; individual shrimp were later measured in multiwell plates. Repeated video recordings and animal-level measurements do not create independent treatment-tank replication.","endpoints":["tracked distance and immobilization","image-derived heartbeat","maxilliped movement used as a gill-ventilation proxy","whole-animal oxidative-stress and energy-metabolism kit measurements","fresh-water and acetylcholine post-exposure trajectories","surrogate-protein molecular docking"],"supports":"Under this formulation and fasting protocol, imidacloprid-treated groups showed lower tracked movement across 24 to 72 hours, and higher nominal treatments had lower heartbeat and maxilliped-movement rates at 96 hours. The small whole-animal assay series reported no group differences in its selected oxidative-stress or energy-metabolism measures.","limits":"Independent exposure tanks, random allocation, formulation-only controls and measured water concentrations were not reported. The text conflicts between 12 endpoint animals and 20 exposed animals per group, and treatment is confounded with the apparent single tank while animal measurements are analysed as replicates. Starvation changed heartbeat and maxilliped movement, acetylcholine itself changed the measured endpoints, and the rescue comparison also appears to use one tank per group. Docking used a snail acetylcholine-binding protein rather than a shrimp receptor and cannot prove the in vivo mechanism. The study does not validate acetylcholine as an antidote, identify imidacloprid from behaviour, establish recovery, chronic safety, a plant or flea-product rule, an aquarium dose or a universal threshold.","carePaths":["/care/chemical-safety","/care/behaviour","/care/health"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"sung-2014-acetaminophen-ibuprofen","authors":"Sung et al.","year":2014,"title":"Acute toxicity of mixture of acetaminophen and ibuprofen to Green Neon Shrimp, Neocaridina denticulate","venue":"Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 38(1): 8-13","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2014.04.014","sourceTaxon":"River-collected animals from Tainan County, Taiwan, identified in the paper as Neocaridina denticulata; no voucher, morphology or molecular identification method reported","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"neocaridina-complex","environment":"Ten- to fourteen-day-old, approximately 1.5 mm juveniles from acclimated river-source stock were tested in 1-litre glass beakers under a static-renewal guide; source stock was held at 25 +/- 1 C, pH 7.4 to 7.8, dissolved oxygen above 7.3 mg/L and hardness 38 to 45 mg CaCO3/L","lifeStages":["10- to 14-day-old juvenile described as newly hatched"],"topics":["chemical-exposure","health"],"design":"Nominal 96-hour mortality series tested acetaminophen and ibuprofen alone at 0.2, 0.6, 1, 1.5, 2, 4 and 8 mg/L; a 1:1 series; variable acetaminophen at 0.1, 1, 2, 4 or 7.5 mg/L plus fixed 0.5 mg/L ibuprofen; and variable ibuprofen at the same levels plus fixed 0.5 mg/L acetaminophen. Stocks were prepared in DMSO. Sodium chloride at 1 to 5 g/L was used as a reference chemical, and mortality was recorded at 2, 6, 24, 48 and 96 hours.","experimentalUnit":"The treatment beaker, with 20 shrimp reported per group. The paper says the experiment was repeated four times and every treatment was performed in duplicate, while its mortality table reports n = 4; it does not reconcile tests, duplicate beakers and the analyzed n or explain whether beaker-level results or pooled animal counts entered each model.","endpoints":["mortality time course","96-hour LC10 with 95 percent confidence interval","96-hour LC50 with 95 percent confidence interval","sodium-chloride reference-chemical LC50"],"supports":"Under the nominal 96-hour protocol, reported LC50 values were 6.07 mg/L for acetaminophen, 6.60 mg/L for ibuprofen, 6.23 mg/L for the 1:1 series, 4.78 mg/L for variable acetaminophen plus 0.5 mg/L ibuprofen and 6.78 mg/L for variable ibuprofen plus 0.5 mg/L acetaminophen. The experiment supports ratio-specific mortality curves under those exact series.","limits":"The treatment concentrations were nominal, the paper does not report analytical verification, the DMSO fraction or a DMSO-matched control, and renewal frequency and test-time feeding are not stated. The equal-ratio LC50 does not clearly say whether concentration means each component or their sum. The unequal-series LC50 values describe the variable component while omitting the fixed 0.5 mg/L co-exposure from the reported number. The confidence intervals overlap substantially, and the paper calls patterns synergistic or antagonistic without reporting a concentration-addition, independent-action, toxicity-unit, model-deviation or isobologram analysis. The abstract says a non-significant comparison had p < 0.05. The source and identity method, allocation and duplicate-to-n mapping are incomplete. Acute mortality in tiny juveniles does not establish a safe aquarium level, chronic outcome, medication instruction, disposal rule, wastewater prediction, decontamination method or universal rule for drug mixtures.","carePaths":["/care/chemical-safety"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"zanitti-2023-diclofenac","authors":"Zanitti et al.","year":2023,"title":"Long-Term Exposure of the Red Cherry Shrimp Neocaridina davidi to Diclofenac: Impact on Survival, Growth, and Reproductive Potential","venue":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 85(2): 181-190","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-023-01027-9","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Sixty-six 1.5-litre laboratory aquaria at 27 C, pH 7.5 and hardness 80 mg/L as CaCO3, with aeration, Java moss, daily ad-libitum feed and complete water replacement plus re-dosing three times weekly during 63 +/- 3 days","lifeStages":["ovigerous female","mature male","embryo","newly hatched juvenile"],"topics":["chemical-exposure","health","growth","breeding"],"design":"Twenty-two aquaria were randomly assigned per treatment. Each began with one ovigerous female and two mature males and received control water or nominal 0.1 or 1 mg/L diclofenac. HPLC-MS/MS checks at 0 and 72 hours in two aquaria per treatment produced overall measured means of 0.0075, 0.1320 and 1.0730 mg/L, respectively. Mortality, molts, egg loss, hatching and ovarian rematuration were checked daily; surviving adults, broods, ovaries and male distal vas deferens supplied later endpoints.","experimentalUnit":"The 1.5-litre aquarium, with 22 aquaria per assigned treatment","endpoints":["mortality","adult specific growth rate","successive spawning timing","hatching","juvenile count and morphology","female ovarian histology","male spermatophore histology"],"supports":"Under this 63-day laboratory protocol, aggregate mortality was 22.7, 39.4 and 45.5 percent, with only the 1 mg/L nominal treatment differing significantly from control. The higher treatment reduced survivor-conditioned female growth, the proportion of females hatching their first exposed brood and the proportion of advanced ovarian oocytes, shortened interspawn timing, and increased abnormal juveniles per female in the small second-spawn sample. Incubation time, male growth, male spermatophore structure and among-treatment hatchling counts did not differ significantly.","limits":"The control was not an analytical zero: its two checks were 0.009 and 0.006 mg/L, for a 0.0075 mg/L mean. The lowest nonzero measured treatment averaged 0.1320 mg/L, and only two nonzero treatments were tested. Analytical checks covered two aquaria per treatment at two times. The first egg cohort had already developed partly before exposure, later brood and tissue endpoints were conditioned on female survival and successful spawning, the second-spawn abnormality result came from few females, and male dependency may not have been fully represented by aquarium in the analysis. Stock came from a dealer-derived laboratory colony without voucher or diagnostic identity confirmation; allocation blinding, feed intake, exposure-period nitrogen chemistry, tissue residues and offspring survival or growth were not reported. The preprint abstract can overstate the juvenile-count result because the paper reports no significant among-treatment decrease. The design does not establish a trace-effect threshold, safe household medication concentration, aquarium treatment, recovery, mechanism or multigeneration outcome. The SSRN and Research Square postings are duplicate preprint versions, not independent replication.","carePaths":["/care/chemical-safety","/care/breeding"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"razekenari-2023-ee2","authors":"Razekenari et al.","year":2023,"title":"Impacts of sublethal concentrations of 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol on growth, reproductive performance, and survival in red cherry shrimp Neocaridina davidi during consecutive spawnings","venue":"Aquatic Toxicology 259: 106519","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106519","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Eighteen 15-litre laboratory aquaria with 8 litres of useful water at 26 to 28 C, complete water replacement and redosing every two days during 210 days of nominal EE2 exposure","lifeStages":["45-day-old female","mature female","egg","newly hatched juvenile","10-day-old juvenile"],"topics":["chemical-exposure","health","growth","breeding"],"design":"Six nominal EE2 concentrations from 0 to 200 micrograms/L were assigned to three aquaria each, with 30 females per aquarium. Ten ready females per treatment were later mated in clean water with unexposed males, eggs were removed for artificial incubation and unexposed offspring were followed for 10 days across five successive spawns.","experimentalUnit":"The 8-litre exposure aquarium, with three aquaria per concentration; later mating, artificial-incubation and offspring units differed by endpoint","endpoints":["female survival","female weight and length","time to first spawning","interspawn interval","fecundity","egg volume","hatching","hatchling size","10-day offspring size and survival"],"supports":"Under this nominal exposure protocol, females in the two lowest nonzero treatments were heavier and longer but produced fewer eggs and had lower hatching outcomes, while every nonzero treatment had lower adult survival than the control.","limits":"Exposure concentrations were nominal and not analytically verified. The control was clean water rather than an ethanol-matched vehicle, the written stock-volume calculation conflicts with the reported maximum ethanol percentage and control survival was only 57.3 percent. Full water was replaced every two days, males and offspring were not directly exposed and eggs were artificially incubated. The study does not establish a household threshold, a beneficial low dose, an environmental safe level or an aquarium treatment.","carePaths":["/care/chemical-safety","/care/breeding","/care/growth"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"gorol-2025-bpa-cells","authors":"Gorol et al.","year":2025,"title":"How does bisphenol A damage cells? Studies on the freshwater shrimp Neocaridina davidi","venue":"The European Zoological Journal 92(1): 390-409","url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24750263.2025.2463421","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Adult shrimp held individually in 0.5-litre plastic containers at 21 C, pH 7 and GH 10, fed ad libitum, with excrement removed every 12 hours and fresh nominal exposure water prepared for each animal","lifeStages":["mature male","mature female"],"topics":["chemical-exposure","health","anatomy"],"design":"Adults received clean water or nominal 1, 5 or 10 mg/L BPA for 24, 48 or 72 hours. One animal occupied each container, and five specimens from each group were selected for each microscopy, histochemistry, fluorescence or cell-cycle method.","experimentalUnit":"Individually exposed adult in a 0.5-litre container; method-specific samples used five animals per group, while reuse or independence across methods was not stated clearly","endpoints":["intestine and hepatopancreas ultrastructure","autophagic and acidic structures","lipid, protein and polysaccharide reserves","regenerative-cell ultrastructure","Ki67-positive cells","cell-cycle phase proportions"],"supports":"The assigned acute BPA treatments produced organ-, time- and concentration-associated changes in midgut cell structure, autophagic signals, reserve material, regenerative-cell measures and cell-cycle distributions. The highest treatment produced extensive intestinal degeneration after 72 hours.","limits":"Concentrations were nominal and not analytically verified. The clean-water control came from continuous culture rather than an explicitly time-matched control series, and the number of distinct animals across the many methods was not clear. The study lasted 24 to 72 hours, used adult tissue and cell endpoints, and did not report whole-animal survival, behaviour, reproduction, recovery or a chronic exposure response. It does not establish a household BPA threshold, diagnose damage from an aquarium observation or show that an unnamed plastic product caused exposure.","carePaths":["/care/chemical-safety","/care/anatomy","/care/health"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"gorol-2026-bpa-homeostasis","authors":"Gorol et al.","year":2026,"title":"Bisphenol A disrupts epithelial homeostasis in the midgut of the freshwater shrimp Neocaridina davidi","venue":"The European Zoological Journal 93(1): 563-582","url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24750263.2026.2652113","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Adult shrimp held individually in 0.5-litre containers at 21 C, pH 7 and GH 10, fed ad libitum, with excrement removed every 12 hours and fresh nominal exposure water prepared for each animal","lifeStages":["adult male","adult female"],"topics":["chemical-exposure","health","anatomy"],"design":"As a continuation of the 2025 experiment, adults received clean water or nominal 1, 5 or 10 mg/L BPA for 24, 48 or 72 hours. Qualitative methods used organs from five animals per group and quantitative methods used five cell suspensions per group.","experimentalUnit":"Individually exposed adult and its derived organ or cell preparation; this continued the earlier exposure program and is not evidence of an independent replication","endpoints":["reactive oxygen species","apoptosis and necrosis","caspase and Bcl-2 states","DNA damage","mitochondrial structure and membrane potential","reduced glutathione"],"supports":"The assigned acute BPA treatments changed multiple intestine and hepatopancreas cell endpoints. Reactive-oxygen signals were highest after 24 hours and then declined, while cell-death, mitochondrial and DNA-damage responses varied by organ, concentration and time; hepatopancreas DNA damage was higher after 48 hours at every tested concentration.","limits":"This is a continuation of the same nominal concentration and exposure design as the 2025 publication, not independent confirmation. Concentrations were not analytically verified, controls were clean-water organ groups rather than an explicitly time-matched series, and five method preparations per group do not establish the total number of independent animals across assays. Declining reactive-oxygen signal does not prove recovery because other cellular endpoints changed on different timelines. No whole-animal survival, behaviour, reproduction, chronic effect or recovery endpoint was measured. It does not establish an aquarium BPA threshold, a general plastic-safety rule or a diagnosis from visible symptoms.","carePaths":["/care/chemical-safety","/care/anatomy","/care/health"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"bingol-2016-aquarium-feeds","authors":"Bingol, Turkmen and Karadal","year":2016,"title":"Effects of different aquarium feeds on growth performance and survival rate of red cherry shrimp (Neocaridina denticulata)","venue":"Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 33(3): 217-222","url":"https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.2016.33.3.05","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina denticulata, identified by the paper as red cherry shrimp of Taiwan origin","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Twelve 50-litre aquaria at 26.5 C under a 14-hour light and 10-hour dark cycle for 16 weeks","lifeStages":["approximately 0.30 g starting shrimp","growing aquarium shrimp"],"topics":["feeding","growth"],"design":"Four branded feeds were assigned to three aquaria each, with 30 shrimp per aquarium; shrimp were fed to satiation twice daily and measured every 15 days.","experimentalUnit":"The 50-litre aquarium, with three aquaria per feed","endpoints":["survival","body weight","total length","carapace length"],"supports":"Final weight, total length and survival patterns differed among the four tested products under this protocol, with the Spirulina granule group highest and the pond-stick group lowest for those reported means.","limits":"The products differed in physical form and formulation, feeding was to satiation and the statistical methods do not clearly state whether aquarium means were the analysis unit. The study does not isolate a Spirulina effect, establish a pellet count or compare current products.","carePaths":["/care/feeding","/care/growth"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"wijaya-2023-fermented-vegetable-feed","authors":"Wijaya et al.","year":2023,"title":"Effect Of Market Vegetable Waste Fermented Feeding On The Growth Of Red Cherry Ornamental Shrimp (Neocaridina davidi)","venue":"Barakuda 45 5(1): 102-113","url":"https://doi.org/10.47685/barakuda45.v5i1.332","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi, red cherry study stock","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Fifteen nominal 30 by 30 by 30 cm aquarium compartments filled with 21.6 litres of water, aerated and supplied with two pots of hornwort for 40 days; reported water temperature was 26.3 to 26.8 C and pH was 7.32 to 7.83","lifeStages":["healthy red cherry shrimp without deep red colour"],"topics":["feeding","growth"],"design":"A Spirulina-tablet control and four market-vegetable treatments made from mustard greens, carrot, bean sprouts or cabbage were assigned to three aquarium compartments each. Vegetables were washed, boiled for about one minute at 72 C, fermented for five days in 600 mL water with 10 mL EM4 product and 20 mL molasses, then kept available ad libitum with twice-daily checks and replacement. Shrimp were stocked at a stated density of one per litre and 12 animals per aquarium were sampled every ten days.","experimentalUnit":"Aquarium compartment, with three compartments per feed; the exact integer starting count, hydraulic isolation of compartments and whether aquarium or sampled-animal values entered the ANOVA were not reported clearly","endpoints":["absolute length gain","absolute weight gain","specific growth rate","survival","feed proximate composition","temperature","pH"],"supports":"Under this exact 40-day preparation and feeding protocol, the mustard-green, bean-sprout and cabbage groups were not statistically distinguished from the Spirulina-tablet control for the reported length gain, weight gain or specific growth rate, while the carrot group was lower. Reported survival did not differ statistically among treatments.","limits":"Only three aquarium units represented each feed, the analysis unit was not explicit, and food was kept available ad libitum without an exact ration, measured intake, uneaten-feed recovery or leaching correction. Wet products differed substantially in moisture and proximate composition and were not balanced for dry matter, protein or energy. There was no unfermented-vegetable, EM4-only or molasses-only group, so the study cannot isolate fermentation, a vegetable ingredient or either additive. Survival means were only 63.33 to 71.66 percent, and the authors attributed many deaths to repeated measurement outside water. Only temperature and pH were reported. The result does not validate fresh or blanched grocery vegetables, market scraps, home fermentation, a complete vegetable diet, a food-safety procedure, a removal interval or replacement of a formulated food.","carePaths":["/care/feeding"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"kusuma-2025-natural-feeds","authors":"Kusuma et al.","year":2025,"title":"The effectiveness of natural feed in enhancing color and survival rate of ornamental shrimp Neocaridina sp.","venue":"Juvenil 6(3): 290-300","url":"https://doi.org/10.21107/juvenil.v6i3.31252","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina sp., laboratory reproduction-stock animals without species, line or identification method reported","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Twelve nominal 21.6-litre aquaria at approximately 25.49 to 26.86 C, pH 6.34 to 7.57 and dissolved oxygen 5.125 to 5.205 mg/L during a 40-day feeding comparison with weekly siphoning","lifeStages":["laboratory Neocaridina sp. of unreported age, sex, size and reproductive stage"],"topics":["feeding","growth","colour","health"],"design":"Tubifex sp., Chironomus larvae, Daphnia sp. or an unidentified Spirulina pellet control were assigned to three aquaria each. The paper states one shrimp per litre, one week of acclimation and ad-libitum availability checked twice daily, with old food replaced when present.","experimentalUnit":"Aquarium assigned to feed, with three aquaria per treatment; the exact integer starting count is not stated, because the reported 21.6-litre volume and one-animal-per-litre density do not resolve it, and endpoint animal or aquarium denominators are not supplied","endpoints":["survival","absolute length gain","absolute weight gain","ordinal visible-red colour score","feed proximate composition","temperature","pH","dissolved oxygen"],"supports":"Across the reported 40-day treatment means, Tubifex aquaria had the highest survival mean at 85.00 percent and highest colour-score mean at 3.50. Reported length and weight gains were not statistically distinguished among feeds. The comparison supports only that these four complete feed treatments produced different reported survival and visible-colour patterns under this protocol.","limits":"The animals were identified only to genus, and source line, sex, age, life stage, starting size, starting colour balance and randomization method were not reported. Feed amounts and actual intake were not measured, the live foods and pellet differed in physical form and proximate composition, the Spirulina pellet was not identified, and proximate values lack replicate error and a stated wet- or dry-matter basis. Aquarium is the assigned unit, but the analysis does not state whether aquarium means were modeled, how many animals entered each endpoint or whether colour scoring was blinded under standardized lighting and background. The written method describes four colour scores while Figure 1 shows five with conflicting descriptions. The table note says different letters indicate a difference at P greater than 0.05 while the text says P less than 0.05. The discussion substitutes Hermetia illucens for Daphnia in one passage and later says Chironomus and Daphnia produced more intense colour than Tubifex, contradicting the table. Water ranges are pooled rather than treatment-specific, and nitrogen, mortality timing, feed-borne organisms, disease, reproduction, composition and long-term safety were not measured. This does not establish Tubifex as a complete or safest food, a live-feed dose, a colour-grade method or a recommendation to introduce wild or cultured worms into a home aquarium.","carePaths":["/care/feeding","/care/colours","/care/growth"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"kohal-2018-arthrospira-diets","authors":"Namaei Kohal et al.","year":2018,"title":"Effects of dietary incorporation of Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis meal on growth, survival, body composition, and reproductive performance of red cherry shrimp Neocaridina davidi (Crustacea, Atyidae) over successive spawnings","venue":"Journal of Applied Phycology 30: 431-443","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-017-1220-5","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Eighteen aerated aquaria at 26 to 28 C and pH 7.0 to 7.2 across an 11-month feeding trial, with complete water replacement every 10 days","lifeStages":["35-day-old juvenile","adult female","mature male","embryo","newly hatched juvenile"],"topics":["feeding","growth","breeding"],"design":"Six formulated diets containing 0, 1, 3, 5, 8 or 10 percent Arthrospira meal were assigned to three aquaria each. Diets were approximately equal in protein and energy because Arthrospira replaced part of the fish meal; shrimp received 3 percent of wet biomass daily in three feedings and females were followed through eight spawning events.","experimentalUnit":"Aquarium, with three aquaria per diet; the independent incubation unit for detached eggs is not clearly described","endpoints":["weight and length growth","feed conversion ratio","survival","whole-body composition","time to maturity","inter-spawning interval","egg production","relative and actual fecundity","hatching percentage","hatchling length"],"supports":"Under this exact formulated-diet protocol, several growth, female-survival and reproductive measures were higher at 8 or 10 percent Arthrospira meal than in the control, while the reported relative-fecundity advantage declined after the sixth spawning.","limits":"The percentages describe dry-diet formulation, not an aquarium dose or addition to a finished food. Arthrospira replaced fish meal, control female survival was only 25.7 percent after 11 months, eggs were detached and artificially incubated, and incubation replication is unclear. The study does not establish a universal 8 to 10 percent recipe or validate a current commercial product.","carePaths":["/care/feeding","/care/growth","/care/breeding"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"elmas-2019-feed-frequency-thesis","authors":"Elmas","year":2019,"title":"Effects of different feed types and feeding frequencies on growth performance, moulting cycle, reproductive efficiency and carapace coloration of red cherry shrimps Neocaridina davidi","venue":"Izmir Katip Celebi University MSc thesis","url":"https://acikerisim.ikcu.edu.tr/dosyalar/e82bad54bad7ffe21cdaa15fe7e8380a.pdf","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Twelve 40-litre laboratory aquaria at about 26 C across a 12-week feeding trial with twice-weekly 25 percent water changes","lifeStages":["growing shrimp","adult male","adult female","embryo"],"topics":["feeding","growth","molting","breeding","colour"],"design":"Two commercial grow-out feeds and feeding once or three times daily formed a two-by-two design with three aquaria per treatment, ten shrimp per aquarium and a starting sex ratio of six females to four males.","experimentalUnit":"The 40-litre aquarium, with three aquaria per feed and frequency combination","endpoints":["feed consumption","weight","total length","carapace length","survival","shed exoskeleton count","egg and hatch measures","carapace lightness and colour coordinates"],"supports":"Under this exact protocol, feeding frequency changed several growth, survival, shed-exoskeleton and reproductive outcomes, while the two tested products also differed for selected reproductive and colour measures.","limits":"The daily ration was not reported, feed consumption differed among groups and the products differed in more than their intended species. Shed exoskeletons were counted by aquarium rather than linked to identified individuals. The thesis does not establish three daily meals for a home colony, isolate an ingredient effect or provide a pellet amount.","carePaths":["/care/feeding","/care/molting"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"kaya-2022-synbiotic-growth","authors":"Kaya et al.","year":2022,"title":"Symbiotic effect of Bacillus clausii and Galacto-oligosaccharide on growth and survival rates in red cherry shrimp (Neocaridina davidi)","venue":"Marine and Life Sciences 4(2): 146-151","url":"https://doi.org/10.51756/marlife.1181522","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi, red cherry study stock","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Twenty-seven 10-litre plastic tanks at 26 C with shelter, algae, twice-daily feeding to satiation and daily water measurements for 30 days","lifeStages":["approximately 0.24 g shrimp at allocation","mature male and female at endpoint"],"topics":["feeding","growth"],"design":"A basal commercial feed, four feeds containing 1 to 4 g galacto-oligosaccharide per kg and four corresponding feeds also containing 1 mL Enterogermina per kg were assigned to three tanks each, with ten shrimp per tank for 30 days.","experimentalUnit":"Tank was the assigned treatment unit, with three tanks per diet and ten shrimp per tank; the published analysis did not state whether tank was modeled as the unit, and sex-specific groups were formed only after endpoint sexing","endpoints":["final body weight","weight gain","specific growth rate","feed conversion ratio","survival"],"supports":"Under this 30-day protocol, some galacto-oligosaccharide diets with or without the Bacillus clausii product had higher reported mass and growth metrics than the basal-feed control. The 2 g galacto-oligosaccharide plus 1 mL product per kg group had the highest table values for several sex-specific growth and feed-conversion outcomes.","limits":"There was no probiotic-only group, so the design cannot isolate a Bacillus clausii main effect or demonstrate synergy. Finished-feed bacterial viability, additive retention, galacto-oligosaccharide composition and actual consumed ration were not verified; feeding was to satiation and no consumption correction was described. The statistical unit and endpoint sex grouping are unclear, initial sex-specific weights were repeated even though sex was not detectable at allocation, and there were only three tanks per diet for 30 days. Survival language is internally inconsistent. No microbiome, colonization, immune, disease-challenge, pathogen, reproduction, colour, body-composition, histology or long-term endpoint was measured. A human probiotic product in experimental feed is not an aquarium-water dose, bacterial starter, medicine or universal food recipe.","carePaths":["/care/feeding","/care/growth","/care/health"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"azhar-2025-bsflm-diets","authors":"Azhar et al.","year":2025,"title":"Growth, reproduction and pigmentation performances of red cherry shrimp Neocaridina davidi fed with black soldier fly larvae Hermetia illucens meal","venue":"Planetary Sustainability 3(2): 56-76","url":"https://doi.org/10.46754/ps.2025.07.004","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi, red cherry adults","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Twenty-five 3-litre aquaria with Java moss during a 60-day feeding trial, with daily water checks, 20 percent water exchange every three days and 50 percent weekly exchange","lifeStages":["adult male","adult female","reported offspring"],"topics":["feeding","growth","molting","breeding","colour"],"design":"Five approximately 42 percent protein formulas replaced 0, 25, 50, 75 or 100 percent of fish meal with black soldier fly larvae meal. The actual meal contents were 0, 10.8, 21.68, 32.62 and 43.64 percent of the complete dry formulas. Each diet was assigned to five aquaria containing one male and one female, fed to satiation twice daily.","experimentalUnit":"The 3-litre aquarium, with five aquaria per diet; treatment was assigned by aquarium, but the one-way ANOVA description does not state whether aquarium or animal observations entered each endpoint analysis","endpoints":["feed intake","survival","length gain","weight gain","specific growth rate","shed-molt count","ovary measurement","reported offspring count","colour coordinates"],"supports":"The 50 percent fish-meal-replacement formula, which contained 21.68 percent black soldier fly meal, had higher reported length gain, weight gain and specific growth rate than the 75 and 100 percent replacement formulas. The table letters did not distinguish it from the control or 25 percent replacement groups. Survival, ovary measurement, reported offspring count and colour intensity did not differ statistically among diets.","limits":"This was a complete-formula comparison, not a test of adding 50 percent insect meal to finished food. Fish meal, black soldier fly meal, fish oil, corn meal and cellulose changed together, while measured lipid and ash also varied; amino acids, fatty acids and energy were not reported. Every diet contained the same Spirulina and astaxanthin. Feeding was described as both to satiation and predetermined, without an exact ration, uneaten-feed recovery method or leaching correction, and measured water values were not reported. The analysis unit was not explicit. The published molting equation multiplies molts per starting shrimp by 100, while the table reports 4.8 to 7.6 percent without reconciling the scale. Ovary size was calculated as length times width but reported in cm, one figure caption refers to male ovary development, and post-mortality brood denominators are unclear. The study does not establish a universal 50 percent recipe, a whole-insect feeding method, reproductive safety, a colour benefit or a home molting rate.","carePaths":["/care/feeding","/care/growth","/care/molting","/care/breeding","/care/colours"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"huang-chen-2004-juvenile-chlordane-lindane","authors":"Huang and Chen","year":2004,"title":"Effects of chlordane and lindane on testosterone and vitellogenin levels in green neon shrimp (Neocaridina denticulata)","venue":"International Journal of Toxicology 23(2): 91-95","url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10915810490435604","sourceTaxon":"Wild-collected Neocaridina denticulata from rivers in Taipei County, Taiwan","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Glass-beaker exposure after two weeks of acclimation at 25 +/- 1 C, pH 7.4 to 7.8, dissolved oxygen above 7.3 mg/L and hardness 38 to 45 mg/L as CaCO3","lifeStages":["9 to 12 mm juvenile","acute-test animal"],"topics":["chemical-exposure","health"],"design":"An acute static-renewal series estimated 96-hour mortality responses to nominal chlordane and lindane concentrations. A separate 28-day experiment compared nominal chlordane at 1 and 10 ng/L and lindane at 0.1 and 1 microgram/L with no-pesticide, acetone-vehicle and alcohol-dissolved estradiol positive controls, sampling on days 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28.","experimentalUnit":"The exposure beaker. The acute treatments used 20 shrimp in 5-litre beakers and were described as triplicate. The chronic groups used 100 juveniles in a 10-litre beaker described as run in triplicate, but the article does not state the sampled-animal count, allocation among beakers or analysis unit.","endpoints":["96-hour mortality and LC50 estimate","testosterone enzyme immunoassay","alkali-labile phosphate response"],"supports":"The article reports acute mortality concentration responses, lower testosterone-associated measurements after both pesticides and a transient alkali-labile phosphate increase after chlordane under its nominal exposure protocols.","limits":"The article says the acute experiment had 10 groups even though its table lists more concentration rows, prints the chlordane confidence limits in descending order and does not report measured water concentrations. Alkali-labile phosphate was an acknowledged nonspecific proxy for vitellogenin-like protein. The chronic sampling denominator and beaker-to-assay mapping are absent, estradiol used alcohol without a described alcohol-matched control, and repeated paired t tests have no reported multiplicity correction. The study does not establish a household threshold, safe concentration, mechanism, diagnosis or validated biomarker.","carePaths":["/care/chemical-safety"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"huang-wang-chen-2004-male-chlordane-lindane","authors":"Huang, Wang and Chen","year":2004,"title":"Effects of the endocrine disrupter chemicals chlordane and lindane on the male green neon shrimp (Neocaridina denticulata)","venue":"Chemosphere 57(11): 1621-1627","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.08.063","sourceTaxon":"Wild-collected male Neocaridina denticulata from rivers in Taipei County, Taiwan","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Ten-litre glass-beaker exposure after two weeks of acclimation at 25 +/- 1 C, pH 7.4 to 7.8, dissolved oxygen above 7.3 mg/L and hardness 38 to 45 mg/L as CaCO3","lifeStages":["13 to 16 mm male"],"topics":["chemical-exposure","anatomy","health"],"design":"Nominal chlordane at 1 and 10 ng/L and lindane at 0.1 and 1 microgram/L were compared for 28 days with no-pesticide, acetone-vehicle and alcohol-dissolved estradiol positive controls. Hormone-associated samples were taken on days 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28, and masculine-appendage measurements on days 3, 7, 14 and 28.","experimentalUnit":"The 10-litre exposure beaker, described as triplicate for each group. The article says 150 males were used per group, while figure-level n values are 15 for hormone-associated assays and 6 for appendage measurements without explaining their distribution among the three beakers.","endpoints":["estradiol enzyme immunoassay","testosterone enzyme immunoassay","alkali-labile phosphate response","masculine appendage to cephalothorax length ratio"],"supports":"The paper reports treatment-associated estradiol and testosterone measurements, an alkali-labile phosphate increase only in the high chlordane group and early changes in the masculine-appendage length ratio under several nominal treatments.","limits":"Water concentrations and a renewal schedule were not reported. Alkali-labile phosphate was a nonspecific proxy rather than a vitellogenin-specific assay. Estradiol used alcohol without a described alcohol-matched control. The analysis used repeated paired t tests without a reported multiplicity correction and does not explain how animal-level n values map to replicate beakers. Appendage effects varied by concentration and time and reproductive competence was not tested. The study does not validate an external-sign diagnosis, mechanism, household threshold, safe concentration or biomarker.","carePaths":["/care/chemical-safety"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"huang-2006-chlordane-lindane","authors":"Huang et al.","year":2006,"title":"Reproduction obstacles for the female green neon shrimp (Neocaridina denticulata) after exposure to chlordane and lindane","venue":"Chemosphere 64(1): 11-16","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.12.017","sourceTaxon":"Wild-collected Neocaridina denticulata from rivers in northern Taiwan","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Glass-beaker static-renewal exposure at 25 C, pH 7.4 to 7.8 and hardness 38 to 45 mg/L as CaCO3, with water renewed every 48 hours","lifeStages":["13 to 16 mm female","mature male","ovigerous female","embryo"],"topics":["chemical-exposure","breeding","health"],"design":"Nominal chlordane treatments of 1 and 10 ng/L and lindane treatments of 0.1 and 1 microgram/L were compared with no-pesticide, acetone-vehicle and alcohol-dissolved estradiol positive controls. Female hormone-associated groups ran through 28 days. Separate groups of 20 males and 20 females per treatment were followed through oogenesis, after which each ovigerous female was moved to a 1-litre treatment beaker through hatch.","experimentalUnit":"The hormone-associated 10-litre exposure beaker was described as triplicate, with three shrimp pooled per sample and figure n of 15 not mapped to the beaker means. Each reproductive treatment instead used one shared 10-litre beaker, so the females and later broods were nested within a single treatment vessel.","endpoints":["estradiol assay","alkali-labile phosphate response","time to oogenesis","ovigerous rate","egg count and diameter","hatch count"],"supports":"The paper reports treatment-associated hormone-response changes and substantially reduced reproductive and hatching outcomes in several nominal chlordane and lindane groups under its exposure protocol.","limits":"Exposure concentrations were nominal. Estradiol used alcohol without a described alcohol-matched control, the vehicle amount is reported in concentration units, and repeated paired t tests have no reported multiplicity correction. The reproductive comparison had one shared treatment beaker and only 0 to 8 of 20 females per group became ovigerous, making the later egg and hatch denominators small and conditional. The paper is a third distinct experiment from the same author group, not an independent replication of either 2004 cohort. It does not establish an aquarium pesticide threshold, diagnose a household event, demonstrate a mechanism or validate a treatment.","carePaths":["/care/chemical-safety","/care/breeding"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"oh-2003-korean-stream","authors":"Oh et al.","year":2003,"title":"Reproduction and population dynamics of the temperate freshwater shrimp, Neocaridina denticulata denticulata (De Haan, 1844), in a Korean stream","venue":"Crustaceana 76(8): 993-1015","url":"https://doi.org/10.1163/156854003771997864","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina denticulata denticulata from the Young-am stream in Korea","evidenceClass":"field-observation","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"A permanent temperate stream sampled monthly from July 1999 through June 2001","lifeStages":["field juvenile","adult male","adult female","ovigerous female","embryo"],"topics":["growth","breeding","anatomy","wild-populations"],"design":"Five replicate 0.4-square-metre littoral vegetation samples were collected monthly with a 0.5 mm scoop net; size frequencies, gonads, broods and eggs were used for seasonal population and reproductive estimates.","experimentalUnit":"The 0.4-square-metre box sample, with five scheduled samples per month","endpoints":["field density","carapace length frequency","sex ratio","ovigerous season","brood count","egg volume and mass","ovarian stage","modeled growth and maturity"],"supports":"This population showed seasonal reproduction from May through September, measured broods of 53 to 146 eggs and different maturity estimates when mature ovaries and ovigerous status were used as endpoints.","limits":"This is a field population of the published N. denticulata subspecies, not an N. davidi aquarium trial. Growth and cohort parameters were modeled from monthly length frequencies, animals were not tracked individually and field density is not aquarium capacity.","carePaths":["/care/growth","/care/breeding","/care/sexing"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"jeong-2006-reproductive-biology","authors":"Jeong, Oh and Ma","year":2006,"title":"Reproductive Biology of Neocaridina denticulata denticulata and Latreutes planirostris","venue":"Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 39(Special Issue): 198-202","url":"https://doi.org/10.5657/kfas.2006.39.spc1.198","sourceTaxon":"Wild Neocaridina denticulata denticulata collected around Wolchulsan in Yeongam County, Korea","evidenceClass":"field-observation","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"One Korean valley-stream population collected by scoop net during 2001, fixed in 5 percent neutral formalin and analyzed in the laboratory","lifeStages":["field-collected ovigerous female","non-eyed embryo","eyed embryo","ovary"],"topics":["breeding","anatomy","wild-populations"],"design":"Only ovigerous field females were selected for brood analysis. Carapace length was measured to 0.01 mm, every attached egg was counted and classified as non-eyed or eyed, five eggs per female were sampled for long- and short-axis volume estimates, and females plus eggs were dried for 48 hours at 80 C for reproductive-output calculations. Separate monthly groups of 48 to 60 females supplied gonadosomatic-index measurements.","experimentalUnit":"The individual selected ovigerous female for brood, egg-volume and reproductive-output results; the monthly female sample for the cross-sectional gonadosomatic series. Table 1 reports 43 Neocaridina females, while Table 2 reports 35 non-eyed-stage and 48 eyed-stage females.","endpoints":["carapace length","attached egg count","egg volume","female and egg dry weight","reproductive output","monthly gonadosomatic index","ovarian dry weight by embryo stage"],"supports":"Among 43 selected ovigerous females measuring 5.69 to 7.85 mm carapace length, broods ranged from 47 to 117 eggs with a reported mean of 82 +/- 18. Mean sampled egg volume was 0.70 mm3, and reported reproductive output averaged 41.84 percent. Monthly gonadosomatic index was 3.8 to 4.3 from January through March, peaked at 27.5 in May, remained above 10 through July and declined from August. At a common carapace-length slope, ovarian dry weight was higher in females carrying eyed rather than non-eyed eggs, supporting ovarian rematuration during embryo development in this field sample.","limits":"The published taxon is N. denticulata denticulata from one wild Korean population, not captive N. davidi or a selected aquarium line. The article does not report a taxonomic key or voucher, exact collection dates, effort, water temperature, chemistry, food, female source denominator or annual replication. Selection of ovigerous females prevents estimating prevalence, mating success or population fecundity. Preservation and destructive cross-sectional sampling mean individual females were not followed through hatch or a second brood; ovarian rematuration supports only the potential for consecutive spawning. Egg fertilization, retention, hatch, juvenile survival and brood loss were not measured. The monthly field pattern is not a temperature treatment, aquarium breeding calendar, clutch forecast or care target.","carePaths":["/care/breeding","/care/sexing"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"niwa-hamano-1990-population","authors":"Niwa and Hamano","year":1990,"title":"Population ecology of Neocaridina denticulata (De Haan, 1849) in the Sugow River, Japan","venue":"Researches on Crustacea 19: 43-54","url":"https://doi.org/10.18353/rcustacea.19.0_43","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina denticulata from the Sugow River in Japan","evidenceClass":"field-observation","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"An approximately 50-square-metre vegetated river reach sampled 26 times from May 1985 through May 1986","lifeStages":["newly hatched field juvenile","adult male","adult female","ovigerous female"],"topics":["growth","breeding","anatomy","wild-populations"],"design":"Daytime sweep-net collections lasting two to three hours were measured to 0.1 mm body length and grouped into inferred seasonal cohorts; a later three-mesh comparison examined size selectivity.","experimentalUnit":"Collection date and sampled river reach, with individual measurements nested within each collection","endpoints":["body-length frequency","sex ratio","ovigerous season","smallest ovigerous length","inferred cohort timing and growth"],"supports":"Across 19,084 collected shrimp, newly hatched animals appeared in samples from June through August and length-frequency analysis supported three seasonal cohort types in this river population.","limits":"Cohorts were inferred rather than composed of marked animals, daytime effort was time based, net selectivity affected small animals and sex below 8 mm was allocated using an estimated ratio. The results do not establish N. davidi aquarium age, maturity or lifespan.","carePaths":["/care/growth","/care/breeding","/care/sexing"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"onuki-2021-current-velocity","authors":"Onuki","year":2021,"title":"The distribution of the invasive shrimp Neocaridina davidi in relation to environmental parameters in a stream at Kunitachi, Tokyo, Japan","venue":"Crustacean Research 50: 33-39","url":"https://doi.org/10.18353/crustacea.50.0_33","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi","evidenceClass":"field-observation","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Twelve sections of an urban spring-fed stream sampled from September through November 2019","lifeStages":["juvenile","adult field population"],"topics":["filtration","habitat","growth","stocking","wild-populations"],"design":"Section-level shrimp counts were related to measured plants, water depth, current velocity, temperature and sediment using spatially adjusted generalized linear mixed models.","experimentalUnit":"Two or four square metre stream section, depending on sampling month","endpoints":["adult density","juvenile density","body size","environmental associations"],"supports":"Adult density was positively associated with emergent plants, while juvenile density was negatively associated with measured current velocity in this stream.","limits":"This observational field association does not assign aquarium flow, compare filter types, identify a turnover rate or make the observed density a home-aquarium capacity.","carePaths":["/care/filtration"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"levitt-barmats-2019-life-history","authors":"Levitt-Barmats et al.","year":2019,"title":"Life-history traits and ecological characteristics of the ornamental shrimp Neocaridina denticulata, recently introduced into the freshwater systems of Israel","venue":"Aquatic Invasions 14(4): 684-702","url":"https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2019.14.4.08","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina denticulata, with identity uncertainty discussed by the authors","evidenceClass":"field-observation","speciesRelation":"neocaridina-complex","environment":"Thirty Israeli field locations plus laboratory observation at 20 to 25 C across three generations","lifeStages":["field adult","ovigerous female","known-hatch juvenile","laboratory generation"],"topics":["growth","breeding","taxonomy","water-parameters","wild-populations"],"design":"Field occurrence, morphology and mitochondrial markers were combined with an unreplicated laboratory lineage; 18 third-generation larvae were separated for individual molt and growth observations.","experimentalUnit":"Field specimen or sampling site for field endpoints; individual jar for 18 third-generation growth observations","endpoints":["field occurrence","morphology","COI and 16S sequences","embryo count","age at first ovigerous stage","molt interval","growth"],"supports":"The study documents a wide field-occurrence range and follows known-hatch third-generation individuals for molt and growth observations over 49 weeks under one laboratory protocol.","limits":"Taxonomic placement within the complex remained uncertain, field occurrence is not a water optimum, and losses plus an incomplete growth series do not provide a replicated hatch-to-death lifespan distribution.","carePaths":["/care/growth","/care/parameters"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"groendahl-2017-algal-grazing","authors":"Groendahl and Fink","year":2017,"title":"Consumer species richness and nutrients interact in determining producer diversity","venue":"Scientific Reports 7: 44869","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep44869","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina davidi within a three-grazer freshwater model","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Laboratory flasks containing defined green-algal communities at 20 C","lifeStages":["research animals used as grazers"],"topics":["feeding","habitat","behaviour"],"design":"One to three grazer species were assigned to defined algal communities for three days, then grazer richness and phosphorus were combined in a one-week factorial experiment.","experimentalUnit":"Three-hundred-millilitre flask, with six to eight usable replicates depending on comparison","endpoints":["algal cell count","algal biovolume","algal species richness","algal diversity and evenness"],"supports":"Neocaridina davidi reduced several tested algae and showed a relative preference for Closterium moniliferum in the three-day model.","limits":"The defined short flask experiment does not establish hair-algae control, a cleaning rate, a complete diet or whole-aquarium nutrient export.","carePaths":["/care/algae","/care/feeding","/care/habitat"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"ye-2019-macrophyte-periphyton","authors":"Ye et al.","year":2019,"title":"Omnivorous shrimp Neocaridina denticulata sinensis enhances the growth of submerged macrophyte Vallisneria denseserrulata","venue":"Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems 420: 32","url":"https://doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2019025","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina denticulata sinensis, retained as published","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Eight outdoor 75-litre polyethylene mesocosms with sediment, tap water and Vallisneria denseserrulata; water temperature varied from 17 to 30 C","lifeStages":["aquarium-purchased shrimp 1.5 to 2.0 cm long and 0.3 to 0.5 g"],"topics":["feeding","habitat","nitrogen","water-parameters"],"design":"Four mesocosms received eight shrimp each and four had no shrimp. Each began with about 29 g fresh plant mass. Water and leaf periphyton were sampled after one week and every two weeks thereafter for 119 days, then final plant fresh mass was used to calculate relative growth rate.","experimentalUnit":"Seventy-five-litre mesocosm, with four independently assigned mesocosms per shrimp treatment","endpoints":["leaf periphyton chlorophyll a","water-column chlorophyll a","total and dissolved nitrogen","total and dissolved phosphorus","Vallisneria relative growth rate"],"supports":"Under this outdoor mesocosm protocol, shrimp presence was associated with lower mean leaf-periphyton chlorophyll a and higher Vallisneria relative growth rate, while water-column chlorophyll a, total nitrogen and total phosphorus were higher than in no-shrimp mesocosms.","limits":"The experiment used one plant species, sediment, naturally varying 17 to 30 C water and a fixed density of eight shrimp per mesocosm. It did not identify a home-aquarium algae, test a stocking gradient, measure nutrient export or establish a cleaning rate. Repeatedly removing three leaves per tank changed plant material over time, periphyton chlorophyll received no pheophytin correction, water-column chlorophyll units conflict between the results text and figure, and only four mesocosms per treatment constrain precision. The result cannot justify introducing or releasing shrimp for restoration outside native, permitted and professionally assessed systems.","carePaths":["/care/algae"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"kong-2019-cattail-decomposition","authors":"Kong et al.","year":2019,"title":"Promotive performance of shrimp Neocaridina denticulata on Typha angustifolia leaf litter decomposition","venue":"Hydrobiologia 827: 75-87","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-018-3573-4","sourceTaxon":"River-collected Neocaridina denticulata, retained as published","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Sixty-four aerated four-litre river-water microcosms in an environmental chamber set to 20 C, with measured water varying from 20 to 25 C during 140 days","lifeStages":["river-collected shrimp approximately 2.5 cm long"],"topics":["feeding","habitat","nitrogen","water-parameters"],"design":"Four treatments separated litter alone, direct shrimp contact with feces falling away, feces contact without direct shrimp contact, and shrimp plus litter plus feces together. Each shrimp unit held eight animals and 3 g of air-dried cattail litter. Four independently prepared buckets represented each treatment at each 35-day destructive harvest, for 64 buckets total. Filtered river water was replaced weekly.","experimentalUnit":"Four-litre bucket, with four independent buckets per treatment and harvest time; the paper describes destructive treatment-by-time units but reports date as a repeated factor without explaining how repeated units were linked","endpoints":["cumulative litter dry-mass loss","decomposition coefficient","interval mass loss","leaf-associated extracellular enzyme activities","pH","chemical oxygen demand","ammonium nitrogen","nitrate nitrogen","total nitrogen","total phosphorus"],"supports":"After 140 days, cumulative litter mass loss was 51.7 percent in litter-only controls, 83.4 percent where shrimp contacted litter but feces fell away, 57.8 percent where feces contacted litter without shrimp contact, and 84.5 percent where shrimp, litter and feces remained together. The treatment contrasts support faster breakdown when shrimp had direct access under this microcosm protocol; water chemistry and enzyme responses also differed among treatments.","limits":"Litter mass loss is not measured ingestion. Direct shrimp access combines grazing on leaf tissue or associated microbes, fragmentation and physical disturbance, while the reported grazing and feces shares were derived from treatment contrasts rather than measured intake. The experiment used one river population, one cattail preparation, eight shrimp in four litres and filtered river water replaced weekly, which the discussion says helped provide food; no formulated-food baseline was described. Reported zero mortality does not establish dietary adequacy because growth, condition, molting, reproduction and health were not measured. The paper switches between Typha angustifolia and Typha orientalis in treatment text and figure material, gives conflicting one-week versus one-to-two-day animal holding descriptions, does not report random allocation, lacks an obvious sham-mesh control, and does not reconcile destructive harvest with repeated-measures analysis. It also labels P values above 0.05 through 0.10 as biologically significant but noisy. The result does not recommend cattail, catappa or alder, establish a ration or replacement interval, prove a complete diet, or promise home-aquarium water safety.","carePaths":["/care/habitat","/care/feeding","/care/algae"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"greenaway-1985-calcium-review","authors":"Greenaway","year":1985,"title":"Calcium balance and moulting in the Crustacea","venue":"Biological Reviews 60(3): 425-454","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185X.1985.tb00424.x","sourceTaxon":"Broad marine, freshwater and terrestrial Crustacea review","evidenceClass":"review-synthesis","speciesRelation":"adjacent-taxon","environment":"Review of crustacean calcium balance across environments and molt stages","lifeStages":["multiple crustacean taxa and molt stages"],"topics":["molting","water-parameters"],"design":"Published work on calcium storage, loss, uptake and exoskeleton calcification was synthesized across crustacean taxa.","experimentalUnit":"Published source, not a new Neocaridina experiment","endpoints":["calcium storage","environmental calcium uptake","hemolymph calcium","exoskeleton calcification"],"supports":"Calcium handling and calcification change across the crustacean molt cycle, and freshwater taxa have evolved calcium-uptake strategies.","limits":"A broad crustacean review does not establish a Neocaridina GH optimum, diagnose a failed molt or show that adding a calcium product corrects an observed problem.","carePaths":["/care/molting","/care/parameters"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"naigaga-2017-water-test-kits","authors":"Naigaga et al.","year":2017,"title":"Assessing the Reliability of Water-Test Kits for Use in Pond Aquaculture","venue":"Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 48(4): 555-562","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.12377","sourceTaxon":"Pond-aquaculture water samples and analytical methods, not shrimp","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"adjacent-system","environment":"Pond-aquaculture water analysis compared with standard methods","lifeStages":["not applicable"],"topics":["water-testing","water-parameters","nitrogen"],"design":"Several field kits and strips were compared with standard methods by the management decisions each result would produce.","experimentalUnit":"Water sample and paired analytical-method comparison","endpoints":["decision agreement","weighted kappa","analyte-specific disagreement"],"supports":"Reliability differed by kit and analyte, including nitrate decision disagreement for two tested strip products.","limits":"The study does not validate every current product, make all strips inadequate or show that a kit result equals a laboratory concentration without method context.","carePaths":["/care/testing","/care/parameters","/care/nitrogen"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"hovanec-1998-nitrospira","authors":"Hovanec et al.","year":1998,"title":"Nitrospira-Like Bacteria Associated with Nitrite Oxidation in Freshwater Aquaria","venue":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64(1): 258-264","url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.64.1.258-264.1998","sourceTaxon":"Freshwater aquarium nitrifying communities, not a Neocaridina animal experiment","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"adjacent-system","environment":"Ammonium-dosed freshwater aquaria and aquarium biofilter samples","lifeStages":["not applicable"],"topics":["filtration","nitrogen"],"design":"Molecular probes, clone libraries and water chemistry followed nitrite oxidizers during aquarium establishment and an additive comparison.","experimentalUnit":"Aquarium for treatment and chemistry; sampled gravel or biofilter material for molecular endpoints","endpoints":["ammonia","nitrite","nitrate","rRNA sequence and probe signal"],"supports":"Nitrospira-like organisms appeared with nitrite oxidation in the tested freshwater aquarium systems.","limits":"One establishment design does not establish a universal cycle day, prove an additive effective or certify animal-ready capacity.","carePaths":["/care/cycling","/care/filtration","/care/nitrogen"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"sauder-2011-aquarium-nitrification","authors":"Sauder et al.","year":2011,"title":"Aquarium Nitrification Revisited: Thaumarchaeota Are the Dominant Ammonia Oxidizers in Freshwater Aquarium Biofilters","venue":"PLOS ONE 6(8): e23281","url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0023281","sourceTaxon":"Freshwater aquarium biofilter microorganisms, not a Neocaridina animal experiment","evidenceClass":"adjacent-evidence","speciesRelation":"adjacent-system","environment":"Twenty-seven residential and retail freshwater aquarium biofilters in Ontario","lifeStages":["not applicable"],"topics":["filtration","nitrogen"],"design":"qPCR, gene sequencing and water chemistry were compared across sampled freshwater biofilters, with saltwater filters and two supplements as context.","experimentalUnit":"Sampled aquarium biofilter; technical molecular replicates are not independent aquaria","endpoints":["amoA gene abundance","community fingerprints","ammonium","nitrite","nitrate"],"supports":"Thaumarchaeal ammonia-oxidizer genes dominated the detectable amoA signal in most sampled freshwater biofilters.","limits":"Gene abundance does not measure complete nitrogen-processing capacity, prove a filter mature or prescribe a product, media volume or cycle duration.","carePaths":["/care/cycling","/care/filtration","/care/nitrogen"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"mcknight-2025-biofilter-succession","authors":"McKnight et al.","year":2025,"title":"Microbial community succession of home aquarium biofilters associated with early establishment of comammox Nitrospira","venue":"ISME Communications 5(1): ycaf212","url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ismeco/ycaf212","sourceTaxon":"Home aquarium biofilter microorganisms, not a Neocaridina animal experiment","evidenceClass":"adjacent-evidence","speciesRelation":"adjacent-system","environment":"Three independently established home freshwater aquaria followed for twelve weeks","lifeStages":["not applicable"],"topics":["filtration","nitrogen"],"design":"Weekly bead, sponge and water samples were paired with chemistry, qPCR and community sequencing while stocking and maintenance varied by home.","experimentalUnit":"Home aquarium, n equals three; repeated samples and technical replicates remain nested within aquarium","endpoints":["total ammonia","nitrite","nitrate","amoA abundance","microbial community succession"],"supports":"Nitrification timing and nitrifier succession differed among the three aquaria, with comammox Nitrospira prominent later in every sampled biofilter.","limits":"Three uncontrolled home systems do not establish a universal three-week or eight-week cycle, a product effect or commissioned animal capacity.","carePaths":["/care/cycling","/care/filtration","/care/nitrogen"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"scagnelli-2023-quick-start","authors":"Scagnelli et al.","year":2023,"title":"Efficacy of quick-start nitrifying products in controlled fresh-water aquaria","venue":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine 44: 22-26","url":"https://doi.org/10.1053/J.JEPM.2022.09.009","sourceTaxon":"Fishless freshwater aquarium systems, not a Neocaridina animal experiment","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"adjacent-system","environment":"Six ten-gallon freshwater aquaria followed for fourteen days","lifeStages":["not applicable"],"topics":["filtration","nitrogen"],"design":"Five aquaria each received a different commercial quick-start product and one aquarium was untreated after a 1.0 ppm ammonium-hydroxide addition.","experimentalUnit":"Aquarium, with one aquarium per product and one untreated control","endpoints":["total ammonia nitrogen","nitrite","nitrate"],"supports":"Only one of five tested products produced lower total ammonia nitrogen than the control during this fourteen-day design.","limits":"One aquarium per product provides no independent treatment replication and cannot certify or rank current products, prove instant cycling or establish animal-ready capacity.","carePaths":["/care/cycling","/care/filtration","/care/nitrogen"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"wert-2008-drinking-water-biofiltration","authors":"Wert et al.","year":2008,"title":"Biofiltration for removal of BOM and residual ammonia following control of bromate formation","venue":"Water Research 42(1-2): 372-378","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2007.07.028","sourceTaxon":"Pilot drinking-water biofilters, not an aquarium animal experiment","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"adjacent-system","environment":"Three pilot sand-and-anthracite drinking-water filters","lifeStages":["not applicable"],"topics":["filtration","nitrogen","chemical-exposure"],"design":"Backwash chlorination, filter depth and filtration rate were compared while residual ammonia and biodegradable organic matter were measured.","experimentalUnit":"Pilot filter","endpoints":["ammonia conversion","nitrite","nitrate","biodegradable organic matter removal"],"supports":"Backwash disinfection history and filtration rate changed nitrification in these pilot drinking-water filters.","limits":"A municipal pilot filter does not prescribe aquarium rinsing, flow, media replacement or safe shrimp exposure, and chlorine effects depend on the tested system.","carePaths":["/care/water-changes","/care/filtration","/care/cycling"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"rivera-2016-hydra-predation","authors":"Rivera-De la Parra, Sarma and Nandini","year":2016,"title":"Effects of predation by Hydra on cladocerans","venue":"Journal of Limnology 75(s1)","url":"https://doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2016.1368","sourceTaxon":"Hydra predators and cladoceran, copepod and rotifer prey; no Neocaridina","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"adjacent-taxon","environment":"Laboratory freshwater predator-prey cultures","lifeStages":["multiple zooplankton prey taxa"],"topics":["health","tankmates","behaviour"],"design":"Hydra predation was compared across named zooplankton prey, and Hydra-conditioned water was tested against Daphnia demography.","experimentalUnit":"Predator-prey culture vessel","endpoints":["prey capture","prey susceptibility","Daphnia population growth"],"supports":"The tested Hydra captured several zooplankton taxa and affected one Daphnia population endpoint under the laboratory conditions.","limits":"No Neocaridina life stage was tested, so the study does not prove that aquarium Hydra kill shrimplets or quantify colony risk.","carePaths":["/care/pests","/care/tankmates","/care/health"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"van-steenkiste-2013-flatworm-phylogeny","authors":"Van Steenkiste et al.","year":2013,"title":"A comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Dalytyphloplanida reveals multiple escapes from the marine environment and origins of symbiotic relationships","venue":"PLOS ONE 8(3): e59917","url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0059917","sourceTaxon":"Dalytyphloplanida flatworms, not Neocaridina","evidenceClass":"morphology-taxonomy","speciesRelation":"adjacent-taxon","environment":"Molecular phylogenetic analysis across marine, freshwater and symbiotic flatworms","lifeStages":["preserved and sequenced flatworm specimens"],"topics":["taxonomy","health"],"design":"Complete 18S and partial 28S rDNA sequences were analysed with maximum-likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic methods.","experimentalUnit":"Taxon sequence or specimen represented in the phylogeny","endpoints":["phylogenetic placement","freshwater transition reconstruction","symbiotic-lifestyle reconstruction"],"supports":"Flatworm lineages and life strategies cannot be inferred from a generic worm-like aquarium silhouette alone.","limits":"The phylogeny does not identify a phone-video organism, demonstrate predation or determine whether an observed flatworm threatens shrimp.","carePaths":["/care/pests","/care/health"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"tiwari-2025-planaria-blackworm","authors":"Tiwari et al.","year":2025,"title":"Adhesion and Injury Cues Enhance Blackworm Capture by Freshwater Planaria","venue":"Integrative and Comparative Biology 65(6): 1489-1497","url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icaf137","sourceTaxon":"Dugesia tigrina, Dugesia dorotocephala and Lumbriculus variegatus; no Neocaridina","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"adjacent-taxon","environment":"Thirty-five-millimetre freshwater Petri-dish predation trials near 21 C","lifeStages":["research planaria and blackworms"],"topics":["behaviour","tankmates","health"],"design":"Starved planaria encountered injured or uninjured short and long blackworms in thirty-four recorded behavioural trials.","experimentalUnit":"One planarian-blackworm behavioural trial","endpoints":["grip and wrap behaviour","feeding success","prey injury and length context"],"supports":"The tested planaria used adhesion during blackworm capture, and prey injury changed the observed interaction.","limits":"Blackworm capture does not establish predation on Neocaridina eggs, juveniles or adults, and body shape alone cannot identify the aquarium flatworm.","carePaths":["/care/pests","/care/tankmates","/care/health"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"cai-ng-1999-serrata-revision","authors":"Cai and Ng","year":1999,"title":"A revision of the Caridina serrata species group, with descriptions of five new species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Atyidae)","venue":"Journal of Natural History 33(11): 1603-1638","url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/002229399299789","sourceTaxon":"Caridina serrata species group, including Lam Tsuen material previously reported as Neocaridina serrata","evidenceClass":"morphology-taxonomy","speciesRelation":"adjacent-taxon","environment":"Museum and field-collected freshwater shrimp material from southern China, including Lam Tsuen River and other Hong Kong localities","lifeStages":["preserved and freshly collected taxonomic specimens","male, female, ovigerous and juvenile material depending on lot"],"topics":["taxonomy","wild-populations","anatomy"],"design":"Published descriptions, neotypes and re-examined material were compared using rostral formula, stylocerite, pereiopod, pleopod and other morphological characters across the Caridina serrata group.","experimentalUnit":"Examined specimen and collection lot; the Lam Tsuen conclusion used later material from the same river population, including Dudgeon-collected lots, rather than a reported re-examination of every animal sampled for the 1985 population study","endpoints":["taxonomic diagnosis","genus placement","species reassignment","morphological distinction","locality record"],"supports":"The Lam Tsuen population published by Dudgeon in 1985 and 1987 as Neocaridina serrata was reassigned to Caridina cantonensis. The revision also concluded that neither C. cantonensis nor C. serrata belongs in Neocaridina because the distal half of the male first pleopod lacks the Neocaridina condition.","limits":"The revision does not make every aquarium animal sold as C. cantonensis taxonomically verified, resolve all later Caridina species-group relationships or convert Dudgeon field results into captive care guidance. It did not re-run the 1985 population study, and its reassignment does not establish temperature, lifespan, maturity, clutch or abundance rules for N. davidi.","carePaths":["/care/species","/care/anatomy","/care/growth","/care/breeding","/care/temperature"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"shih-2024-japan-neocaridina","authors":"Shih et al.","year":2024,"title":"Integrative Taxonomy Reveals Freshwater Shrimp Diversity from Kyushu and Southern Honshu of Japan, with a Discussion on Introduced Species","venue":"Zoological Studies 63: 18","url":"https://zoolstud.sinica.edu.tw/Journals/63/63-18.pdf","sourceTaxon":"Eight Neocaridina species or provisional lineages from Japan","evidenceClass":"morphology-taxonomy","speciesRelation":"neocaridina-complex","environment":"Museum-deposited specimens from eighteen sites in Kyushu and southern Honshu","lifeStages":["field-collected specimens"],"topics":["taxonomy","wild-populations","genetics"],"design":"COI DNA barcoding, morphology and geographic context were combined to identify native, non-native and provisional Neocaridina lineages.","experimentalUnit":"Collected specimen and locality, with sequences interpreted within the sampled phylogeny","endpoints":["morphological characters","COI haplotypes","species delimitation","geographic occurrence"],"supports":"Integrative evidence distinguished several co-occurring Neocaridina lineages and exposed limits of a single barcode or character.","limits":"The Japanese field result does not identify a commercial colour line, establish ancestry from a photograph or resolve every competing species treatment.","carePaths":["/care/species","/care/genetics","/care/surplus"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"kusmintarsih-2023-market-co1","authors":"Kusmintarsih et al.","year":2023,"title":"Barcoding of ornamental freshwater shrimp, Neocaridina denticulata (De Haan, 1844) from the aquatic ornamental market in Purbalingga, Central Java, Indonesia","venue":"Biodiversitas 24(7): 3766-3773","url":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240714","sourceTaxon":"Market-sourced ornamental shrimp reported as Neocaridina denticulata from Purbalingga, Central Java; no voucher-based identification was reported","evidenceClass":"morphology-taxonomy","speciesRelation":"neocaridina-complex","environment":"Shrimp collected in August 2019 from the Purbalingga ornamental fish market and transported to a laboratory; seller, source farm, number of source aquaria and prior breeding history were not reported","lifeStages":["market specimen of unreported sex and life stage","egg-carrying market specimen under some colour labels"],"topics":["taxonomy","genetics","colour"],"design":"Abdominal tissue from ten visibly labelled market samples was extracted. A custom primer designed from a Neocaridina denticulata mitochondrial reference amplified an approximately 545-base-pair CO1 fragment. Bidirectional sequences were assembled, compared with one primary BLAST reference and placed in a neighbour-joining tree with selected GenBank sequences and one distant outgroup.","experimentalUnit":"One destructive tissue sample per visible colour entry, with ten sequence entries in the result tables; the paper does not report vouchers, specimen IDs, seller or aquarium clustering, replicate extractions, independent PCR confirmation or public accession numbers for the new sequences","endpoints":["CO1 PCR band","assembled fragment length","BLAST identity","neighbour-joining placement","reported pairwise genetic distance"],"supports":"Within this market sample and assay, the ten sequence entries labelled dark red, bright red, black, white, blue-black combinations or yellow were reported at 98.24 to 99.29 percent identity to the same Chinese N. denticulata mitochondrial reference, and the study reported zero pairwise distance among its sampled sequences. Visible colour labels therefore did not separate those sampled entries into different reported CO1 groups.","limits":"This is a ten-specimen convenience sample from one market, not a survey of named global trade lines, farms, sellers or source populations. Collection wording does not resolve whether specimens came from one seller, aquarium, brood or colony. No morphological key, sex-based diagnostic structures, voucher deposition, extraction blank, PCR negative control, replicate extraction or new sequence accession is reported, so the specimen identity and sequence audit cannot be independently reconstructed from the article. The blue lane in Figure 2 has no band, the figure numbers lanes 1 to 10 while the text refers to samples 2 to 11, and Table 2 reports ten sequence entries without a standalone blue entry. The methods and Figure 3 describe a Jukes-Cantor tree, while Table 3 is labelled Kimura 2 parameter. The article reports 0.00 distance among the study entries even though their BLAST identities to the same reference vary from 98.24 to 99.29 percent, and its new sequences are not shown as deposited accessions. Low branch support appears across several reference relationships, the outgroup is a tunicate rather than a closer atyid, and the selected reference labels include disputed or inconsistent Neocaridina names. A short mitochondrial fragment records one maternally inherited locus; it cannot establish nuclear ancestry, pedigree, relatedness, genetic purity, line stability, inheritance, hybrid status or the species identity of another shrimp based on colour or a matching seller label.","carePaths":["/care/species","/care/colours","/care/genetics"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"zhou-2021-henan-shrimp","authors":"Zhou et al.","year":2021,"title":"Species diversity of freshwater shrimp in Henan Province, China, based on morphological characters and COI mitochondrial gene","venue":"Ecology and Evolution 11: 10502-10514","url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7855","sourceTaxon":"Freshwater shrimp including Neocaridina davidi and Neocaridina denticulata","evidenceClass":"morphology-taxonomy","speciesRelation":"neocaridina-complex","environment":"About 1,200 field specimens from forty-six sites in Henan Province","lifeStages":["field-collected specimens"],"topics":["taxonomy","wild-populations","genetics"],"design":"Male morphology, COI barcodes and several molecular-delimitation methods were compared across freshwater shrimp samples.","experimentalUnit":"Collected specimen and sequence, nested within sampling locality","endpoints":["morphological identification","COI haplotype","molecular operational taxonomic unit","genetic distance"],"supports":"Morphological variation and molecular partitions did not reduce to one simple visual species rule in the sampled freshwater shrimp.","limits":"The survey does not authenticate aquarium trade names, grades, purity or lineage, and a COI similarity threshold is not a universal species test.","carePaths":["/care/species","/care/genetics"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"han-2019-taiwan-neocaridina","authors":"Han et al.","year":2019,"title":"Geographical and temporal origins of Neocaridina species in Taiwan","venue":"BMC Genetics 20: 86","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12863-019-0788-y","sourceTaxon":"Four Neocaridina species or provisional lineages from Taiwan","evidenceClass":"morphology-taxonomy","speciesRelation":"neocaridina-complex","environment":"Four hundred seventy-nine specimens from thirty-five Taiwanese localities","lifeStages":["field-collected specimens"],"topics":["taxonomy","wild-populations","genetics"],"design":"COI sequences, phylogeographic structure and demographic models were used to infer species boundaries and colonization histories.","experimentalUnit":"Collected specimen, haplotype and sampled locality depending on analysis","endpoints":["COI lineage","haplotype structure","species delimitation","colonization-time inference"],"supports":"The sampled Taiwanese Neocaridina contained multiple geographically structured lineages with different inferred histories.","limits":"Phylogeographic inference does not establish the ancestry, relatedness, purity or species of a commercial colour morph.","carePaths":["/care/species","/care/genetics","/care/surplus"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"huang-2020-functional-ssr-markers","authors":"Huang et al.","year":2020,"title":"Identification of Functional SSR Markers in Freshwater Ornamental Shrimps Neocaridina denticulata Using Transcriptome Sequencing","venue":"Marine Biotechnology 22: 772-785","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-020-09979-y","sourceTaxon":"Supplier-sourced super red shrimp and chocolate shrimp labelled Neocaridina denticulata, plus a native black-shell strain used in marker development; no voucher or diagnostic identity method was reported","evidenceClass":"adjacent-evidence","speciesRelation":"neocaridina-complex","environment":"Separate supplier strains maintained in a flow-through breeding system at 22 to 25 C, pH 6.5 to 7.0 and GH 3 to 4; tank count, strain allocation and family history before the reported crosses were not defined","lifeStages":["one-to-four-week-old transcriptome sample","selected adult parent","F1 offspring from pure-strain and reciprocal crosses"],"topics":["colour","genetics","breeding","taxonomy"],"design":"RNA from three young super red and three young chocolate shrimp supplied one aggregate sequencing result per phenotype on an Illumina HiSeq 2000. Transcriptome SSR candidates were screened by PCR, sixteen amplified, and five polymorphic loci were reported across offspring from super red, chocolate and reciprocal crosses. Supplementary Figure S4 reports the largest eight females and males from each source strain as parents and three families per cross group.","experimentalUnit":"The transcriptome comparison appears to contain one pooled library per phenotype rather than independent biological libraries. The paper states 50 offspring in each of four cross groups, but Table 6 frequencies for both reciprocal hybrids occur in eighths and no individual genotype file, missing-call denominator, family allocation or family-aware analysis is supplied.","endpoints":["assembled transcriptome and annotation","phenotype-group expression counts","SSR discovery and PCR feasibility","allele and genotype counts","heterozygosity and polymorphic information content","genotype frequencies across four cross groups"],"supports":"The study developed five polymorphic transcriptome-derived SSR loci and found different genotype-frequency patterns among its sampled Larmax super red, chocolate and reciprocal-cross groups. The loci are candidates for population and cross validation within the sampled breeding material.","limits":"One apparent pooled RNA library per phenotype cannot support replicated differential-expression inference. The study did not report standardized colour measurements, individual phenotypes, complete genotype denominators, parent-to-offspring assignments, Mendelian segregation, linkage, causal variants, blind classification or an independent validation population. The stated 200-offspring method conflicts with hybrid frequencies in eighths, and the claimed 4.31 percent single-marker and 0.0018 percent combined-marker misrecognition rates are not derived in the article or supplements and were not measured on a held-out test set. Multiple genotype tests were reported without a multiplicity correction and p values were printed as 0.000. These loci do not certify purity, pedigree, ancestry, diversity, Blue Dream, Sunkist, Bloody Mary or any other seller line, and super red is not evidence for equivalence to a current red trade name.","carePaths":["/care/genetics","/care/colours","/care/breeding","/care/species"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"bai-2026-pigment-genomics","authors":"Bai et al.","year":2026,"title":"Decoding color variation: genome-wide characterization and expression analysis of pigment pathways in Neocaridina denticulata","venue":"BMC Genomics 27: 535","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-026-12880-y","sourceTaxon":"Purchased red, yellow and blue Neocaridina denticulata strains without reported voucher, diagnostic identity method, trade names or ancestry","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"neocaridina-complex","environment":"Purchased red, yellow and blue strains held in 29 x 18 x 15 cm transparent recirculation-system tanks at 26 +/- 2 C and pH 7.2 to 7.5, with the number of tanks and strain-to-tank allocation unreported","lifeStages":["10-to-15-day post-hatch juveniles 0.4 to 0.6 cm long","adults 1.8 to 2.2 cm long"],"topics":["colour","genetics","taxonomy"],"design":"Pigment-pathway homologs were identified from public BioProjects and unpublished laboratory genomic and transcriptomic data. Six adult tissues and whole juveniles were compared by 18S-normalized qPCR with three biological samples and technical triplicates. CRCN abundance was compared by western blot, and fluorescence at 380/450 nm was measured after separate cephalothorax and abdomen extraction with hepatopancreas and intestine removed.","experimentalUnit":"Three biological samples per strain and endpoint were reported, but the number and sex of shrimp per sample, pooling, molt state, independent source-tank history, number of culture tanks and strain-to-tank allocation were not defined; technical triplicates are subsamples","endpoints":["candidate pigment-pathway homologs and phylogenies","adult-tissue and whole-juvenile relative gene expression","CRCN western-blot band intensity relative to tubulin","body-region relative fluorescence used as a pteridine proxy"],"supports":"The tested red, yellow and blue source strains differed in selected tissue and juvenile transcript levels, CRCN western-blot abundance and body-region relative fluorescence. These cross-sectional associations identify candidate carotenoid and pteridine pathways for follow-up; the tested blue strain had higher normalized CRCN band intensity than the red and yellow strains.","limits":"The study did not manipulate candidate genes, cross strains, measure inheritance, quantify a standardized visible-colour phenotype, identify or quantify individual pteridine compounds, assay carotenoid composition, assign diets or validate seller lines. Its red, yellow and blue labels were not connected to named aquarium morphs, vouchers, diagnostic species confirmation, ancestry or pedigrees. Three biological samples per endpoint, unresolved animal pooling and tank history, an unreported calibrator for 2^-delta-delta-Ct comparisons, relative fluorescence without reported tissue-mass normalization, unpublished sequence inputs and low-powered distribution tests at n = 3 limit causal or reproducible pathway ranking. The work cannot provide a genotype test, dominance chart, feed or carotenoid prescription, colour-grade prediction, ancestry claim or commercial trade-line pedigree.","carePaths":["/care/colours","/care/genetics","/care/species"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"li-2026-ninab","authors":"Li et al.","year":2026,"title":"Functional Analysis of the NinaB-like Gene in Body Color Regulation of Neocaridina denticulata sinensis","venue":"BioTech 15(1): 15","url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biotech15010015","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina denticulata sinensis","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"neocaridina-complex","environment":"Laboratory expression, association and RNA-interference study","lifeStages":["embryo","juvenile","adult strain samples"],"topics":["colour","genetics","taxonomy"],"design":"Expression was compared across colour strains and stages; RNA interference and sampled SNP associations were examined.","experimentalUnit":"Embryo group or biological sample, depending on endpoint","endpoints":["NinaB-like expression","red pigment deposition","SNP association"],"supports":"Functional involvement and sampled genetic associations for body-colour regulation in the source taxon.","limits":"The candidate SNPs do not certify Blue Dream, Sunkist, purity, relatedness or a universal named-morph genotype.","carePaths":["/care/colours","/care/genetics","/care/species"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"holroyd-2026-transport-review","authors":"Holroyd et al.","year":2026,"title":"An ecophysiological approach to improving health outcomes of ornamental shrimp during aquarium trade and transportation","venue":"Conservation Physiology 14(1): coag046","url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/conphys/coag046","sourceTaxon":"Tropical ornamental shrimp, including Neocaridina literature","evidenceClass":"review-synthesis","speciesRelation":"broad-review","environment":"Review of aquarium trade and transport evidence","lifeStages":["multiple species and life stages"],"topics":["transport","temperature","nitrogen","health"],"design":"Published physiology, trade and transport evidence was synthesized and major gaps were identified.","experimentalUnit":"Published source, not a new animal experiment","endpoints":["temperature evidence","oxygen evidence","carbonate chemistry","nitrogen waste","health assessment"],"supports":"The review maps major species-specific evidence gaps and relevant transport stressors.","limits":"It does not validate a drip rate, package, forecast gate, water target or treatment for Neocaridina.","carePaths":["/care/acclimation","/care/temperature","/care/nitrogen","/care/health","/care/quarantine"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"santoso-2022-closed-transport","authors":"Santoso et al.","year":2022,"title":"Pengaruh Waktu Transportasi Sistem Tertutup terhadap Kelangsungan Hidup Udang Red Cherry (Neocaridina heteropoda)","venue":"Clarias: Jurnal Perikanan Air Tawar 3(1): 18-27","url":"https://doi.org/10.56869/clarias.v3i1.346","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina heteropoda","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Simulated closed transport in 15 by 30 cm conventional plastic bags with 125 mL settled well water, Hydrilla shelter, insulated packing and 15 minutes of rocking every two hours","lifeStages":["farm-sourced shrimp 1.8 to 2.4 cm long and 0.072 to 0.24 g"],"topics":["transport","nitrogen","health"],"design":"Five transport durations of 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours were assigned in a completely randomized design with three bag replicates per duration. Bags were rocked every two hours. Arrival survivors were then observed for three days, but the holding vessel, allocation, feeding and transfer methods were not described.","experimentalUnit":"Transport bag for the arrival comparison, with three bags per duration. The article does not report shrimp per bag or identify the independent holding unit for the survivor-conditioned three-day follow-up.","endpoints":["arrival survival","three-day survival conditional on arrival survival","temperature and pH before transport, after transport and after holding","dissolved oxygen before transport, after transport and after holding","carbon dioxide after transport","test-kit result labelled ammonia or NH3 after transport"],"supports":"Under this incompletely specified conventional-bag package and rocking simulation, arrival survival differed across duration groups and declined from 96 percent at 24 hours to 54.17 percent at 120 hours. Reported three-day survival was conditional on having arrived alive and did not differ statistically among duration histories.","limits":"Only three bags represented each duration, no zero-hour control was included, shrimp per bag, gas volume, oxygen-fill procedure and gas-to-water ratio were not reported, and source identity was not independently verified. The percentage increments are not permission to infer an omitted bag count. The study used arcsine-transformed survival with Kruskal-Wallis and pairwise Mann-Whitney tests but did not report exact test statistics or a multiplicity correction. Follow-up vessel count, volume, allocation, feeding, water exchange and transfer method were absent, so conditional survivor percentages are not replicated delayed-survival evidence or recovery to the original cohort. Carbon dioxide and the result labelled ammonia or NH3 were tabled only after transport, with no validated analyte basis, time series or toxicity analysis. The conventional package does not validate a breather bag, package density, shipping weather gate, ammonia threshold, acclimation rate, prompt-transfer protocol or acceptable maximum duration.","carePaths":["/care/acclimation"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"ismandar-2020-dry-transport","authors":"Ismandar, Dewantoro and Rachimi","year":2020,"title":"Pengaruh Suhu Pembiusan terhadap Kelangsungan Hidup Udang Red Cherry (Neocaridina denticulata sinensis) selama Transportasi Sistem Kering Suhu Rendah","venue":"Borneo Akuatika 2(1): 1-7","url":"https://doi.org/10.29406/jba.v2i1.1631","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina denticulata sinensis","evidenceClass":"controlled-experiment","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Low-temperature dry transport in a 30 by 30 by 40 cm insulated box layered with ice, Imperata grass, shrimp, grass and ice after gradual cooling; the package was intended to remain at 17 C","lifeStages":["1 to 2 cm shrimp"],"topics":["transport","temperature","health"],"design":"Four target-water cooling treatments of 13, 15, 17 and 19 C were compared with three replicate groups per treatment. The report says temperature was lowered gradually to the target over or for 10 minutes, animals were packed without water at a nominal 17 C package temperature, and the insulated box traveled for 24 hours in a closed vehicle.","experimentalUnit":"Replicate transport group within a temperature treatment. The methods report 120 shrimp total, four treatments, three replicates and parenthetically 10 shrimp per treatment; those figures are compatible only if 10 means per replicate, so the written animal-unit description is internally inconsistent.","endpoints":["survival immediately after 24-hour transport","time from normal behaviour to reported immobility","time from reported immobility to movement or consciousness response","cooling behaviour","group mean weight change"],"supports":"The results table reports immediate post-transport survival of 86.67 +/- 5.77, 76.67 +/- 11.55, 50.00 +/- 10.00 and 33.33 +/- 5.77 percent for the 13, 15, 17 and 19 C target groups. The same groups had reported induction times of 203, 341, 431 and 530 seconds and reported recovery-response times of 3, 5, 28 and 33 minutes. Survival at 13 and 15 C was not statistically different in the article.","limits":"This atypical dry chilled protocol is not a conventional or gas-permeable water bag and does not validate home cooling or anesthesia. The abstract mislabels treatment B as 13 C while giving the 15 C result, the results table gives higher survival and lower weight change at 13 C, and the conclusion calls 15 C best without resolving that conflict. The text also reports panic-like behaviour at 15 to 17 C while the conclusion says gradual cooling avoided a panic phase. The cooling wording does not distinguish ramp duration from a target-temperature hold, grass moisture and conditioning were not specified, and no package-temperature trace, detailed checks, recovery-water method, recovery denominator or delayed survival was reported. The weight-change formula uses grams while the table uses milligrams, the abstract reports 0.1 mg while the body reports 0.01 mg for 13 C, and recovery time was not included in the stated ANOVA plan even though the conclusion calls it significantly affected. Loss of balance, weak response and immobility were experimental endpoints, not normal receiving signs or permission to reproduce the protocol.","carePaths":["/care/acclimation"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"zhang-2024-diurnal-hepatopancreas","authors":"Zhang et al.","year":2024,"title":"Transcriptome profiles of the hepatopancreas of the Chinese swamp shrimp (Neocaridina denticulata) under different diurnal rhythms","venue":"ScienceAsia 50(2): 2024043","url":"https://doi.org/10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2024.043","relatedSources":[{"label":"Official open article and supplement PDF","url":"https://www.scienceasia.org/2024.50.n2/scias50_2024043.pdf"},{"label":"NCBI BioProject PRJNA832034","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/PRJNA832034"}],"sourceTaxon":"Aquarium-market animals printed as Neocaridina denticulata in the title and methods and as Neocaridina denticulata sinensis in parts of the results and discussion; no host diagnostic method or voucher was reported","evidenceClass":"adjacent-evidence","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Market-sourced shrimp acclimated for two weeks in recirculating tap water under a reported 12-hour light and 12-hour dark cycle at a natural daily temperature range of approximately 10 to 18 C, then sampled at 06:00, 12:00, 18:00 and 24:00 after feed had been withheld for at least 48 hours","lifeStages":["healthy market-sourced shrimp with sex, age and life stage not reported; mean weight printed as 1.37 +/- 0.28 g"],"topics":["anatomy","behaviour","feeding","genetics","molting","temperature"],"design":"The authors reported 3,000 acclimated animals and destructive sampling of 150 shrimp every six hours. Sixty hepatopancreases per time were intended for three separate tubes of 20, but the sequence tables and heatmap contain only ten RNA-seq libraries distributed 2, 3, 3 and 2 across 06:00, 12:00, 18:00 and 24:00. De novo transcript assembly, pairwise differential-expression screening, annotation enrichment and qRT-PCR for Clk, Cry, Per and Tim were performed.","experimentalUnit":"The pooled RNA-seq library for transcript comparisons, with unequal 2, 3, 3 and 2 libraries across the four times and no explanation for the two missing intended libraries. The qRT-PCR unit is unresolved because the methods report three groups per time and five biological replicates per group while the figure displays three points per time.","endpoints":["de novo transcriptome assembly and database annotation","pairwise differential-expression counts","GO and KEGG enrichment labels","putative clock-related transcript annotation","qRT-PCR expression of Clk, Cry, Per and Tim"],"supports":"The study detected hepatopancreas transcripts annotated as Per, Tim, Clk, Cyc, Cry and 5-HT-related sequences and reported time-associated RNA profiles under its combined light, temperature and fasting history. The smallest reported pairwise contrast was 282 differentially expressed unigenes between 06:00 and 24:00. Among the four qRT-PCR targets, only Clk was reported as significantly different across sampling times.","limits":"Sampling time changed together with light state, natural temperature and elapsed fasting history. There was no constant-temperature group, shifted photoperiod, constant-darkness condition, feeding-time treatment, repeated 24-hour cycle or time-randomized cohort, so the design cannot isolate an endogenous circadian rhythm, light effect, temperature effect or feeding-time effect. Tank number, volume, density, allocation, water chemistry, food formula and exact last-feeding time were omitted. The written tissue-pooling method is internally unclear, two of twelve intended sequencing libraries are unexplained and the qRT-PCR denominator conflicts with its figure. Differential-expression screening used raw p less than 0.05 and an absolute log2 fold-change threshold above 1 without a stated false-discovery correction; enrichment methods and cutoffs were incompletely reported. The 12:00 versus 18:00 total is printed as 983, while its 588-up and 350-down components total 938. Putative clock transcripts were assigned by sequence similarity without targeted sequence validation or a functional assay. qRT-PCR reused the transcriptomic sample set, reported one reference gene without efficiency or stability validation and does not provide independent replication. Pathway labels are not measured food intake, digestion, glucose, chitin turnover, molting, immunity, growth or health. The work does not establish a best feeding hour, night-feeding rule, light schedule, fasting schedule, temperature cause or home-care intervention.","carePaths":["/care/feeding","/care/behaviour","/care/molting","/care/temperature"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"shih-2019-fonticulata-taxonomy","authors":"Shih, Cai and Chiu","year":2019,"title":"Neocaridina fonticulata, a new land-locked freshwater shrimp from Hengchun Peninsula, Taiwan (Decapoda, Caridea, Atyidae)","venue":"ZooKeys 817: 11-23","url":"https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.817.29332","relatedSources":[{"label":"GenBank COI accession LC427866","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/LC427866"}],"sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina fonticulata Shih, Cai and Chiu, 2019, described from type and additional material collected at Sheding, Kenting, southern Taiwan","evidenceClass":"morphology-taxonomy","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"A leaf-litter layer in a small, slow-flowing headwater stream beside a spring outlet on a limestone hill at Sheding, Kenting; the paper reports about 25 C water, pH 7.06 to 7.16 and dissolved oxygen 7.33 to 7.70 mg/L at the collection site, while examined specimens were preserved in 70 to 95 percent ethanol","lifeStages":["adult male","adult female","ovigerous female","attached egg"],"topics":["anatomy","genetics","habitat","taxonomy","water-parameters","wild-populations"],"design":"The authors described a holotype, multiple paratype lots and additional field material using external morphology and drawings, compared material of Neocaridina ikiensis, measured five eggs from each of four ovigerous females, and analyzed a 658-base-pair mitochondrial COI segment from four Sheding specimens with Bayesian and maximum-likelihood phylogenetic methods and pairwise distances.","experimentalUnit":"Individual deposited specimen for morphology, four source shrimp for COI that yielded one reported haplotype, and 20 eggs nested within four ovigerous females for egg measurements","endpoints":["type locality and deposited material","rostrum and appendage diagnostic characters","male first and second pleopod morphology","egg dimensions","live colour description","COI haplotype and phylogenetic placement","pairwise mitochondrial distance"],"supports":"The combined type material, comparative morphology and sampled COI evidence support recognizing N. fonticulata as a distinct Neocaridina species in the reviewed 2019 treatment. Diagnostic evidence includes the rostrum, pereiopods and male first and second pleopods. The four sequenced shrimp produced one 658-base-pair COI haplotype, LC427866, and the smallest reported K2P distances to sampled N. ketagalan and N. saccam were 5.42 and 5.43 percent.","limits":"The species was then known only from one Sheding locality, so the report does not establish its complete distribution, population size, seasonal habitat range or conservation status; the authors prediction that it may occur in eastern Taiwan was not a sampled result. Several diagnostic characters require an adult male, dissection and specialist comparison, so body colour or one aquarium photograph cannot identify the species or distinguish it from a trade morph. The molecular result used four shrimp, one mitochondrial haplotype and no nuclear locus, cross, genomic ancestry test or blind identification validation. Mitochondrial separation in this sample does not authenticate a seller label, certify a colour line, prove reproductive isolation or identify another animal by appearance. Site temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen are locality observations without temporal replication or an assigned comparison, not aquarium optima, tolerances or care targets. Aquarium-held photographs were for observation after collection, not a husbandry experiment.","carePaths":["/care/species","/care/anatomy","/care/genetics","/care/parameters","/care/surplus"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"naruse-2006-iriomotensis-taxonomy","authors":"Naruse, Shokita and Cai","year":2006,"title":"Neocaridina iriomotensis, a new species of land-locked freshwater shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae) from Iriomote Island, southern Ryukyus, Japan","venue":"Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 119(1): 25-31","url":"https://doi.org/10.2988/0006-324X(2006)119[25:NIANSO]2.0.CO;2","sourceTaxon":"Neocaridina iriomotensis Naruse, Shokita and Cai, 2006, described from the upper reaches of Nishifunatsuki in the Nakama River, Iriomote Island, Japan","evidenceClass":"morphology-taxonomy","speciesRelation":"direct-neocaridina","environment":"Field-collected from the lower part of a headwater reach in the upper Nakama River, described as about 5 to 10 m wide, approximately 1 m deep and slow-flowing, where shrimp occurred on aquatic vegetation and tree roots with Macrobrachium shokitai; no water chemistry or temperature was reported","lifeStages":["adult male","adult female","eyed egg"],"topics":["anatomy","breeding","habitat","taxonomy","wild-populations"],"design":"The listed material contains one male holotype, 41 paratypes and 49 non-type specimens collected on seven dates from November 1999 through June 2000. Only specimens above 4 mm carapace length were used for the description. Characters were drawn with a camera lucida and measured to 0.01 mm; proportional summaries report medians, ranges and varying sample sizes from 73 to 83. The treatment compared the new species with published N. anhuiensis and topotypic N. ishigakiensis morphology.","experimentalUnit":"Individual field specimen for morphological ratios and qualitative seasonal comparison; the paper does not report the female or egg denominator underlying its egg-size and 21-to-82 clutch ranges","endpoints":["deposited type and non-type material","rostrum armature and length","pterygostomian spine","pereiopod proportions","season-associated third-pereiopod form","male first and second pleopod morphology","egg dimensions and reported clutch range","habitat and distribution description"],"supports":"The 2006 morphological treatment supports recognizing N. iriomotensis within its stated species concept and distinguishes its sampled material from N. anhuiensis and N. ishigakiensis using combinations of rostrum, pterygostomian-spine, pereiopod and male pleopod characters. It also documents that the third pereiopod showed sex-associated form in summer specimens but no sexual difference in winter specimens, demonstrating that season can affect the availability of an identification character.","limits":"All listed material came from one named upper-reach locality in the Nakama River, and qualitative wording that the shrimp was common lacks sampling effort and a population denominator. No molecular analysis was included; proposed headwater ecomorph populations had intermediate rostrum lengths and were retained only tentatively pending molecular and ecological study. Published comparisons relied partly on earlier descriptions rather than a balanced multi-population validation, character sample sizes varied because not every specimen contributed every ratio, and no blind key-performance test was conducted. Egg and clutch ranges lack female, clutch and egg denominators. The paper reports no water temperature, pH, hardness, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen measurements, diet, culture comparison or aquarium outcome. It cannot identify an aquarium animal from colour or one photograph, authenticate a seller line, prove genetic separation or reproductive isolation, map the complete species range, establish population abundance, or supply a care target, breeding forecast or seasonal aquarium rule.","carePaths":["/care/species","/care/anatomy","/care/sexing","/care/breeding","/care/parameters","/care/surplus"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"bagchi-2014-biofilters","authors":"Bagchi et al.","year":2014,"title":"Temporal and spatial stability of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria in aquarium biofilters","venue":"PLOS ONE 9(12): e113515","url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0113515","sourceTaxon":"Freshwater aquarium microbial communities, not a Neocaridina animal experiment","evidenceClass":"adjacent-evidence","speciesRelation":"adjacent-system","environment":"Three freshwater aquarium biofilters","lifeStages":["not applicable"],"topics":["filtration","nitrogen"],"design":"Nitrogen balances and attached ammonia-oxidizer communities were measured across biofilter media and time.","experimentalUnit":"Aquarium and sampled biofilter medium","endpoints":["nitrogen conversion","ammonia-oxidizer abundance","spatial and temporal stability"],"supports":"Attached aquarium biofilters can account for a large measured share of nitrification in the studied systems.","limits":"It does not prove a filter model, media volume, cycle duration, turnover rate or Neocaridina toxicity boundary.","carePaths":["/care/cycling","/care/filtration","/care/water-changes"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"mcknight-2024-comammox","authors":"McKnight and Neufeld","year":2024,"title":"Comammox Nitrospira among dominant ammonia oxidizers within aquarium biofilter microbial communities","venue":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology 90(7): e00104-24","url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.00104-24","sourceTaxon":"Freshwater aquarium microbial communities, not a Neocaridina animal experiment","evidenceClass":"adjacent-evidence","speciesRelation":"adjacent-system","environment":"Thirty-eight freshwater aquarium biofilters","lifeStages":["not applicable"],"topics":["filtration","nitrogen"],"design":"Microbial genes and community composition were surveyed across aquarium biofilters.","experimentalUnit":"Sampled aquarium biofilter","endpoints":["comammox genes","relative abundance","community composition"],"supports":"Complete ammonia-oxidizing Nitrospira occurred widely in the sampled biofilters.","limits":"Detection and relative abundance do not measure a tank workload, prove full commissioning or establish an animal-safe concentration.","carePaths":["/care/cycling","/care/filtration","/care/water-changes"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"}],"supportingAuthorities":[{"id":"usgs-field-properties","organization":"U.S. Geological Survey","title":"General Information and Guidelines for Field-Measured Water-Quality Properties","url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/tm9A6.0","role":"analytical-method","supports":"Calibration, quality assurance, field records and method-context principles for measured water properties.","limits":"A professional field manual does not validate a specific hobby kit or establish a Neocaridina water target.","carePaths":["/care/testing"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"usgs-specific-conductance","organization":"U.S. Geological Survey","title":"Specific Conductance","url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/tm9A6.3","role":"analytical-method","supports":"Professional measurement, calibration and reporting context for specific conductance.","limits":"It does not turn conductivity or a converted TDS value into ionic composition or a shrimp-health verdict.","carePaths":["/care/testing","/care/parameters"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"usgs-ph-measurement","organization":"U.S. Geological Survey","title":"Measurement of pH","url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/tm9A6.4","role":"analytical-method","supports":"Professional pH calibration, sampling and reporting context.","limits":"It does not validate every aquarium meter, reconstruct an old sample or define a species optimum.","carePaths":["/care/testing","/care/parameters"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"fish-vet-directory","organization":"American Association of Fish Veterinarians","title":"Find a Fish Vet","url":"https://fishvets.org/find-a-fish-vet/","role":"professional-guidance","supports":"A directory for locating aquatic-veterinary practices in North America.","limits":"A listing does not establish that a clinician accepts aquatic invertebrates or can diagnose a case remotely.","carePaths":["/care/chemical-safety","/care/health"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"epa-nutrient-conversions","organization":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","title":"Effluent Monitoring Procedures: Nutrients","url":"https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=94008JIH.TXT","role":"analytical-method","supports":"Formula-mass conversions between nitrogen-basis and whole-ion nitrite and nitrate reporting.","limits":"A conversion preserves chemical amount; it does not create a Neocaridina toxicity threshold.","carePaths":["/care/nitrogen","/care/testing"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"epa-method-detection-limit","organization":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","title":"Definition and Procedure for the Determination of the Method Detection Limit, Revision 2","url":"https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=P100QI45.TXT","role":"analytical-method","supports":"The defined scope and calculation of an EPA method detection limit.","limits":"The procedure does not automatically apply to a hobby comparator, strip or unvalidated digital meter.","carePaths":["/care/testing","/care/nitrogen"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"epa-2013-ammonia-criteria","organization":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","title":"Freshwater Aquatic Life Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Ammonia","url":"https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=P100VT5L.TXT","role":"analytical-method","supports":"Freshwater ammonia equilibrium calculations and the environmental-criteria framework.","limits":"National ambient criteria are not Neocaridina-specific aquarium limits or transfer instructions.","carePaths":["/care/nitrogen","/care/acclimation"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"usgs-water-quality-primer","organization":"U.S. Geological Survey","title":"A Primer on Water Quality","url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-027-01/","role":"analytical-method","supports":"General water-quality context, including evaporation and dissolved-material concentration.","limits":"It does not prescribe an aquarium top-off schedule, water-change percentage or shrimp parameter range.","carePaths":["/care/water-changes","/care/parameters"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"cole-1999-ornamental-fish-shipping","organization":"USDA, NOAA and Hawaii Sea Grant","title":"Shipping Practices in the Ornamental Fish Industry","url":"https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/40229","role":"professional-guidance","supports":"Documented ornamental-fish packaging and receiving practices.","limits":"Fish-industry practice is extrapolation and does not validate a Neocaridina transfer rate or package.","carePaths":["/care/acclimation","/care/quarantine"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"cdfw-dont-let-it-loose","organization":"California Department of Fish and Wildlife","title":"Don't Let it Loose, California!","url":"https://wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Invasives/DLIL","role":"regulatory-risk","supports":"Current California prevention and responsible-rehoming guidance for unwanted aquatic organisms.","limits":"The page is not a species experiment and does not replace a permit, statute or case-specific agency answer.","carePaths":["/care/surplus","/care/species"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"avma-euthanasia-2020","organization":"American Veterinary Medical Association","title":"AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals: 2020 Edition","url":"https://www.avma.org/sites/default/files/2020-02/Guidelines-on-Euthanasia-2020.pdf","role":"professional-guidance","supports":"General professional euthanasia principles and taxon-specific evidence boundaries.","limits":"The document does not provide a validated, humane home protocol for Neocaridina davidi.","carePaths":["/care/surplus","/care/health"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"cdc-chlorine-chloramine","organization":"U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","title":"About Water Disinfection with Chlorine and Chloramine","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/drinking-water/about/about-water-disinfection-with-chlorine-and-chloramine.html","role":"professional-guidance","supports":"The distinction between chlorine and chloramine in public drinking-water disinfection.","limits":"It does not validate an aquarium conditioner dose, diagnose exposure or establish a shrimp-safe residual.","carePaths":["/care/chemical-safety","/care/water-changes"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"epa-caddis-ammonia","organization":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","title":"CADDIS: Ammonia","url":"https://www.epa.gov/caddis/ammonia","role":"analytical-method","supports":"Environmental ammonia measurement, speciation and pH-and-temperature context.","limits":"General environmental guidance does not establish a Neocaridina chronic limit or aquarium diagnosis.","carePaths":["/care/water-changes","/care/testing","/care/nitrogen"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"epa-caddis-nutrients","organization":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","title":"CADDIS: Nutrients","url":"https://www.epa.gov/caddis/nutrients","role":"analytical-method","supports":"Nitrogen-analyte, reporting-basis and analytical-method distinctions.","limits":"It does not make unlike analytes interchangeable or set a home-aquarium action point.","carePaths":["/care/testing","/care/nitrogen"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"epa-aquatic-life-ammonia","organization":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","title":"Aquatic Life Criteria: Ammonia","url":"https://www.epa.gov/wqc/aquatic-life-criteria-ammonia","role":"regulatory-risk","supports":"The U.S. ambient aquatic-life criteria framework and ammonia chemistry context.","limits":"Ambient criteria are not a direct Neocaridina transfer trial, home target or treatment rule.","carePaths":["/care/acclimation","/care/nitrogen"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"epa-aquatic-life-copper","organization":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","title":"Aquatic Life Criteria - Copper","url":"https://www.epa.gov/wqc/aquatic-life-criteria-copper","role":"regulatory-risk","supports":"Copper essentiality, toxicity and the national ambient-water criteria framework.","limits":"The framework is not a Neocaridina product limit, food-label rule or diagnosis from mortality timing.","carePaths":["/care/chemical-safety"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"epa-copper-biotic-ligand-model","organization":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","title":"Copper Biotic Ligand Model","url":"https://www.epa.gov/wqs-tech/copper-biotic-ligand-model","role":"analytical-method","supports":"Water-chemistry inputs that alter modeled copper bioavailability.","limits":"The model does not turn one total-copper reading into a Neocaridina effect or validate a home treatment.","carePaths":["/care/chemical-safety","/care/testing"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"fao-aquatic-quarantine","organization":"Food and Agriculture Organization","title":"Procedures for the quarantine of live aquatic animals: a manual","url":"https://www.fao.org/4/i0095e/i0095e00.htm","role":"professional-guidance","supports":"General risk-based quarantine, movement and biosecurity principles for aquatic animals.","limits":"The manual does not establish a universal Neocaridina quarantine duration or prophylactic treatment.","carePaths":["/care/quarantine","/care/health"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"usfws-cherry-shrimp-risk","organization":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","title":"Ecological Risk Screening Summary: Cherry Shrimp","url":"https://www.fws.gov/media/ecological-risk-screening-summary-cherry-shrimp-neocaridina-davidi-high-risk","role":"regulatory-risk","supports":"A federal ecological-risk synthesis for Neocaridina davidi occurrence and establishment potential.","limits":"A screening summary is not a release permit, state law or proof of impact at every locality.","carePaths":["/care/surplus","/care/species"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"uf-ifas-cherry-shrimp-profile","organization":"University of Florida IFAS Extension","title":"Cherry Shrimp Neocaridina davidi (Bouvier 1904)","url":"https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-in1301-2020","role":"professional-guidance","supports":"A peer-reviewed extension synthesis of common aquarium labels, gross anatomy, direct development and selected introduced-population records.","limits":"This secondary species profile is not a care experiment. It provides no aquarium parameter table, its morph labels do not establish line ancestry, and its unreferenced size, maturity, molting and cleanup statements do not create universal husbandry rules.","carePaths":["/care/species","/care/surplus"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"kordon-breathing-bags","organization":"Kordon","title":"Breathing Bags product instructions","url":"https://www.kordon.com/kordon/products/breathing-bags","role":"manufacturer-instruction","supports":"The intended handling and gas-exchange constraints for the named packaging film.","limits":"Manufacturer instructions are not independent Neocaridina transport evidence or proof of a package configuration.","carePaths":["/care/acclimation"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"decanet-neocaridina-davidi","organization":"DecaNet editors","title":"Neocaridina davidi (Bouvier, 1904), AphiaID 1579333","url":"https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1579333","role":"reference-database","supports":"The maintained taxonomic authority record and currently accepted database treatment.","limits":"A database record does not identify a photographed animal, validate a trade line or erase competing published treatments.","carePaths":["/care/species","/care/genetics"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"national-academies-aquatics-management","organization":"National Academies","title":"Aquatics: Management of Animal Care and Use Programs","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK500413/","role":"professional-guidance","supports":"General aquatic-system management and ammonia-equilibrium context.","limits":"Institutional animal-care guidance is not a Neocaridina transfer-rate or home-acclimation experiment.","carePaths":["/care/acclimation","/care/nitrogen"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"nist-chemical-metrology","organization":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","title":"Chemical Metrology","url":"https://www.nist.gov/mml/csd/primary-focus-areas/chemical-metrology","role":"analytical-method","supports":"Measurement validation, matrix, traceability and uncertainty principles.","limits":"General metrology principles do not validate a specific aquarium result or assign biological meaning.","carePaths":["/care/testing"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"nist-conductivity-meter-manual","organization":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","title":"Conductivity meter manual","url":"https://www.nist.gov/system/files/documents/2026/01/31/conductivity%20meter%20manual.pdf","role":"analytical-method","supports":"Conductivity measurement, temperature compensation and TDS-conversion-factor context for the named instrument.","limits":"A conversion factor does not reveal dissolved composition, hardness or a Neocaridina optimum.","carePaths":["/care/acclimation","/care/parameters","/care/testing"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"usgs-alkalinity","organization":"U.S. Geological Survey","title":"Alkalinity and Water","url":"https://www.usgs.gov/water-science-school/science/alkalinity-and-water","role":"analytical-method","supports":"General acid-neutralizing-capacity and buffering context.","limits":"Alkalinity is not a direct pH control, carbonate inventory or species optimum without method and water context.","carePaths":["/care/parameters","/care/testing"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"usgs-hardness","organization":"U.S. Geological Survey","title":"Hardness of Water","url":"https://www.usgs.gov/water-science-school/science/hardness-water","role":"analytical-method","supports":"The definition and conventional reporting of calcium-and-magnesium water hardness.","limits":"Hardness does not reveal every ion, diagnose a molt or establish a Neocaridina optimum.","carePaths":["/care/parameters","/care/molting","/care/testing"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"woah-aquaculture-biosecurity","organization":"World Organisation for Animal Health","title":"Aquatic Animal Health Code, Chapter 4.1: Biosecurity for aquaculture establishments","url":"https://www.woah.org/fileadmin/Home/eng/Health_standards/aahc/current/chapitre_biosecu_estab_aqua.pdf","role":"professional-guidance","supports":"General establishment-level aquatic biosecurity, movement and risk-management principles.","limits":"The code does not certify a home colony pathogen-free or prescribe one Neocaridina quarantine interval or disinfectant protocol.","carePaths":["/care/quarantine","/care/health"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"crossref-crossmark-updates","organization":"Crossref","title":"Crossmark and publication updates metadata","url":"https://www.crossref.org/documentation/retrieve-metadata/retraction-watch/","role":"reference-database","supports":"Crossref documents public metadata for publisher-registered corrections, retractions and other updates, supplemented by Retraction Watch records in its REST API.","limits":"Absence of an update in one Crossref query does not prove that a work is unchanged, because publisher participation, metadata coverage, query matching, non-DOI sources and in-place revisions can be incomplete.","carePaths":["/research/maintenance#source-integrity"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"}],"knowledgeGaps":[{"id":"chronic-nitrate","question":"What chronic nitrate-only exposures affect Neocaridina across life stages?","currentBoundary":"No controlled chronic nitrate-only Neocaridina experiment was located in the current review.","neededEvidence":"Replicated concentration treatments with exact nitrate reporting basis, long exposure, water context and growth, reproduction, survival and sublethal endpoints.","topics":["nitrogen","health","growth","breeding"],"carePaths":["/care/nitrogen","/care/water-changes","/care/parameters"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"chronic-ammonia-nitrite","question":"What are chronic ammonia and nitrite no-effect ranges for Neocaridina?","currentBoundary":"A direct N. davidi thesis provides a 96-hour acute juvenile experiment. An official abstract for a restricted 2007 N. denticulata thesis reports chronic total-ammonia growth and reproductive comparisons, but its complete methods and results are unavailable. Neither source establishes a chronic operating range, and no controlled chronic nitrite study was located.","neededEvidence":"The complete 2007 thesis methods and results plus independent replicated chronic ammonia and nitrite exposures across life stages with measured chemistry, exact nitrogen basis, confidence intervals and nonlethal endpoints.","topics":["nitrogen","health"],"carePaths":["/care/nitrogen","/care/cycling"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"dissolved-oxygen","question":"What dissolved-oxygen histories change survival, behaviour, growth or reproduction?","currentBoundary":"Occurrence values and study culture conditions are not tested chronic oxygen limits.","neededEvidence":"Replicated oxygen treatments with continuous traces, temperature and life-stage controls, including recovery and sublethal endpoints.","topics":["filtration","behaviour","health","breeding"],"carePaths":["/care/filtration","/care/behaviour"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"filter-turnover","question":"Does a particular filter type or turnover rate improve Neocaridina outcomes?","currentBoundary":"A field survey associated lower current velocity with higher juvenile density, but no assigned aquarium comparison supports a universal turnovers-per-hour rule or one required filter design.","neededEvidence":"Replicated complete-system comparisons holding biomass, feed, media maturity and intake retention constant.","topics":["filtration","nitrogen","growth"],"carePaths":["/care/filtration","/care/cycling"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"water-parameter-optima","question":"What GH, KH, pH and conductivity combinations are true biological optima?","currentBoundary":"Field occurrences and study culture water describe places or reproducible conditions, not species-wide GH, KH, pH or conductivity optima.","neededEvidence":"Factorial, replicated exposures across lines and life stages with measured ions and long-term biological endpoints.","topics":["nitrogen","growth","breeding"],"carePaths":["/care/parameters","/care/testing","/care/molting"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"light-environment","question":"What photoperiod, intensity and spectrum support Neocaridina welfare and colony outcomes?","currentBoundary":"An open 2018 thesis found colour-associated differences in short-term lit-dish occupancy, but did not equalize light output, fully specify the repeated-measures model or measure welfare and long-term colony outcomes. Two recent studies also report short colour-specific responses after eyestalk gene knockdown, with incomplete public methods. None establishes an aquarium spectrum, intensity or photoperiod.","neededEvidence":"Replicated intact-aquarium comparisons that measure irradiance or illuminance at animal level, hold shelter, plants, algae, feed and temperature constant, and follow behaviour, molting, growth, survival and reproduction across life stages.","topics":["habitat","behaviour","molting","breeding"],"carePaths":["/care/habitat","/care/behaviour","/care/molting"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"botanical-litter-outcomes","question":"Which identified and conditioned leaf litters improve Neocaridina outcomes in home-like systems?","currentBoundary":"One abstract-level N. davidi study reports leaf choices and normalized consumption. A fully reviewed N. denticulata microcosm study separates direct shrimp contact from fecal contact on one cattail preparation and measures litter breakdown, enzymes and water chemistry, but not intake, dietary adequacy or long-term shrimp outcomes. The taxa, litter species and endpoints differ, and neither record establishes disease benefit or a replacement interval.","neededEvidence":"Replicated aquarium comparisons across identified litter species and conditioning histories, with a formulated-food baseline, non-consumption mass-loss controls, measured intake, water chemistry and shrimp survival, growth, reproduction and health endpoints.","topics":["feeding","habitat","health","water-parameters"],"carePaths":["/care/habitat","/care/feeding","/care/algae"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"complete-diet-adequacy","question":"Which complete diet and ration combinations support Neocaridina across the full colony life cycle?","currentBoundary":"Direct studies compare particular commercial products, formulated ingredient replacements, live feeds, biofilm systems and feeding frequencies. Their formulations, physical forms, ration methods, life stages and endpoints differ, so no study establishes one complete commercial food, pellet count, live feed or nutrient target for every colony.","neededEvidence":"Replicated aquarium comparisons with fully reported stable formulations, dry-matter ration, measured intake and leaching, life-stage and sex denominators, water chemistry, survival, growth, molting, reproduction, offspring and long-term health endpoints.","topics":["feeding","growth","breeding","colour","health"],"carePaths":["/care/feeding","/care/growth","/care/breeding","/care/colours"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"transfer-rate","question":"Does drip rate or transfer duration change post-arrival outcomes?","currentBoundary":"No direct Neocaridina comparison was located for drops per second, transfer duration or TDS-gap formulas.","neededEvidence":"Replicated transport and receiving-water comparisons with bag chemistry, matched transfer treatments and survival through delayed follow-up.","topics":["transport","health","nitrogen"],"carePaths":["/care/acclimation","/care/quarantine"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"shipping-package-limits","question":"Which package combinations protect Neocaridina during real transport?","currentBoundary":"One wet closed-transport duration experiment and one atypical dry chilled experiment measured direct Neocaridina outcomes, but neither compared or validated the Molt & Moss breather-bag package, density, weather gate and receiving protocol.","neededEvidence":"Versioned package trials with internal temperature, bag chemistry, density, transit history and survival through at least seven days.","topics":["transport","temperature","nitrogen","health"],"carePaths":["/care/acclimation","/care/temperature"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"named-morph-crosses","question":"How do named aquarium colour lines segregate in F1, F2 and backcross generations?","currentBoundary":"Molecular pigment studies do not provide inheritance ratios for trade lines, and seller charts are not pedigrees.","neededEvidence":"Source-separated, replicated crosses with parentage confidence, common scoring conditions and complete phenotype denominators.","topics":["colour","genetics","breeding"],"carePaths":["/care/colours","/care/genetics"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"tankmate-recruitment","question":"How do named fish species affect adult retention and juvenile recruitment?","currentBoundary":"Predator-cue behaviour and shelter studies did not place fish with shrimp and follow colony outcomes.","neededEvidence":"Replicated shrimp-only and named-fish comparisons with adult, hatchling and juvenile denominators over multiple broods.","topics":["behaviour","breeding","habitat"],"carePaths":["/care/tankmates","/care/behaviour"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"aquarium-lifespan","question":"What is the individual hatch-to-death lifespan distribution in home-like aquaria?","currentBoundary":"Field cohort estimates, a reported laboratory maximum and one known-hatch growth series with losses are not complete individual aquarium lifespan distributions.","neededEvidence":"Known-hatch, individually tracked cohorts across replicated systems with censored removals and confirmed deaths.","topics":["growth","health"],"carePaths":["/care/growth"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"treatment-efficacy","question":"Which treatment doses are effective and safe for confirmed Neocaridina health agents?","currentBoundary":"One three-aquarium conference abstract reported complete Deugesia removal and three-day survival of all 12 shrimp after mebendazole or albendazole additions, but it omitted aquarium volume, usable concentration, replicated vessels, explicit control results, sublethal endpoints and recurrence follow-up. No controlled efficacy-and-safety trial was located for common hobby salt, fenbendazole, praziquantel or peroxide doses against named Neocaridina health agents.","neededEvidence":"Confirmed-agent trials with concentration verification, exposure duration, untreated controls, life-stage safety and recurrence follow-up.","topics":["health","chemical-exposure"],"carePaths":["/care/health","/care/quarantine"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"carrying-capacity","question":"What determines a stable operating capacity in a multigeneration home aquarium?","currentBoundary":"A 90-day juvenile density study, field density and an unreplicated three-generation observation cannot be multiplied into a planted-tank maximum.","neededEvidence":"Long, replicated complete-system studies with life-stage counts, feed, recruitment, growth, maintenance, nitrogen processing and welfare endpoints.","topics":["stocking","growth","nitrogen","breeding"],"carePaths":["/care/stocking","/care/surplus"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"microplastic-exposure","question":"Which microplastic histories affect individual growth, reproduction and survival in home-like systems?","currentBoundary":"Direct studies now cover a short high-concentration polystyrene activity and metabolism exposure plus a five-month smooth-sphere population exposure. Neither represents varied household particle histories or directly measures fecundity and repeated individual growth.","neededEvidence":"Replicated aquaria with verified particle concentration, polymer, shape and size; contamination controls; realistic source histories; and direct individual growth, fecundity, egg, hatch and survival endpoints.","topics":["chemical-exposure","health","growth","breeding"],"carePaths":["/care/chemical-safety","/care/health","/care/growth"],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"}],"literatureSearchReviews":[{"id":"chronic-nitrogen-2026-08","gapIds":["chronic-nitrate","chronic-ammonia-nitrite"],"question":"Are there controlled chronic nitrate, ammonia or nitrite exposure studies in Neocaridina?","reviewedAt":"2026-08-12","taxonTerms":["Neocaridina davidi","Neocaridina heteropoda","Neocaridina denticulata sinensis"],"conceptTerms":["nitrate toxicity","ammonia toxicity","nitrite toxicity","chronic exposure"],"sourcesSearched":["publisher and DOI records","PubMed","scholarly web indexes","institutional repositories"],"exactQueries":["Neocaridina davidi nitrate toxicity chronic nitrate experiment","\"Neocaridina heteropoda\" nitrate toxicity","\"Neocaridina denticulata sinensis\" nitrate exposure","site:pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Neocaridina nitrate ammonia nitrite","\"Neocaridina denticulata\" chronic ammonia growth reproduction thesis","\"Toxic Effects of Ammonia on the Freshwater Shrimp Neocaridina denticulata\""],"candidateSources":[{"title":"Efeito de compostos nitrogenados no camarao Neocaridina davidi e na ra Aquarana catesbeiana","url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1843/81188","decision":"included","reason":"Direct acute 96-hour ammonia and nitrite experiment, but not a chronic exposure study."},{"title":"Toxic Effects of Ammonia on the Freshwater Shrimp Neocaridina denticulata","url":"https://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/30064","decision":"candidate","reason":"The official restricted-thesis record has a detailed abstract reporting acute tests and chronic total-ammonia groups with growth and reproductive endpoints, but the complete methods, exposure verification, denominators and statistical results are unavailable."}],"outcome":"A restricted official thesis abstract identifies one chronic total-ammonia comparison in N. denticulata, but unavailable full methods prevent validation of its reported maximum acceptable concentration as a care threshold. No controlled chronic nitrate-only or chronic nitrite experiment was located. Both gaps remain open.","status":"gap-refined","nextReview":"2027-02-12"},{"id":"dissolved-oxygen-2026-08","gapIds":["dissolved-oxygen"],"question":"Which dissolved-oxygen histories change Neocaridina survival, behaviour, growth or reproduction?","reviewedAt":"2026-08-12","taxonTerms":["Neocaridina davidi","Neocaridina heteropoda","Neocaridina denticulata sinensis"],"conceptTerms":["dissolved oxygen","hypoxia","oxygen exposure","survival","reproduction"],"sourcesSearched":["publisher and DOI records","PubMed","scholarly web indexes"],"exactQueries":["Neocaridina davidi dissolved oxygen hypoxia experiment survival reproduction","\"Neocaridina heteropoda\" hypoxia oxygen","\"Neocaridina denticulata sinensis\" hypoxia dissolved oxygen","site:pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Neocaridina hypoxia oxygen"],"candidateSources":[{"title":"Investigating the Expression and Function of HIF-1alpha in Neocaridina davidi During Embryo Cleavage Stage","url":"https://doi.org/10.4194/trjfas25726","decision":"included","reason":"Included as direct embryo gene-knockdown evidence, but it assigned no oxygen treatment and reported no dissolved-oxygen measurement, survival curve or reproductive oxygen endpoint."},{"title":"An ecophysiological approach to improving health outcomes of ornamental shrimp during aquarium trade and transportation","url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/conphys/coag046","decision":"included","reason":"Useful review of oxygen and transport gaps, but not an assigned chronic oxygen experiment."}],"outcome":"A direct HIF-1alpha embryo knockdown study adds a molecular cleavage result but assigned no oxygen treatment and measured no dissolved oxygen. No controlled dissolved-oxygen treatment series establishing survival, growth or reproduction limits was located. The gap remains open.","status":"gap-retained","nextReview":"2027-02-12"},{"id":"treatment-efficacy-2026-08","gapIds":["treatment-efficacy"],"question":"Which common hobby treatments are both effective against confirmed targets and safe for Neocaridina?","reviewedAt":"2026-08-12","taxonTerms":["Neocaridina davidi","Neocaridina heteropoda","Neocaridina denticulata sinensis"],"conceptTerms":["Scutariella japonica","Holtodrilus","Cladogonium","Deugesia","planaria","salt treatment","hydrogen peroxide","mebendazole","albendazole"],"sourcesSearched":["publisher and DOI records","PubMed","scholarly web indexes","full-text repositories","multilingual university and journal repositories"],"exactQueries":["Neocaridina davidi Scutariella japonica treatment salinity experiment","Neocaridina heteropoda Holtodrilus treatment salt salinity","Neocaridina denticulata sinensis parasite treatment efficacy salt","Neocaridina davidi Cladogonium treatment hydrogen peroxide experiment","Neocaridina antiparasitic treatment in vivo efficacy","Neocaridina chemotherapy ectoparasite treatment bath","Neocaridina planaria albendazol mebendazol experimento aquario","Neocaridina heteropoda mebendazol","Neocaridina heteropoda albendazol","Neocaridina traitement parasite antiparasitaire etude","樱花虾 寄生虫 治疗 实验 盐 浸浴","米虾 寄生虫 药物 治疗 试验"],"candidateSources":[{"title":"Breeding and life cycle of Neocaridina denticulata sinensis","url":"https://doi.org/10.3923/ajava.2013.108.115","decision":"excluded","reason":"Excluded from controlled treatment efficacy because the salinity response had no assigned treatment, untreated control, dose-duration or host-safety design. The paper is separately structured as bounded descriptive breeding and life-cycle evidence."},{"title":"Distribution of Holtodrilus truncatus with Reference to Salinity Tolerance and Host Preference","url":"https://doi.org/10.2108/zs150049","decision":"included","reason":"Included as organism ecology and isolated-worm physiology evidence, but excluded from host treatment efficacy because no attached Neocaridina or host-safety endpoint was tested."},{"title":"Epibiont Cohabitation in Freshwater Shrimp Neocaridina davidi","url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13101616","decision":"included","reason":"Included as direct survey, morphology and molt-observation evidence, but excluded from host treatment efficacy because microscopy isolation and removal were not an assigned controlled treatment."},{"title":"Utilizacao de vermicidas na eliminacao de planarias invasoras no cultivo do camarao Neocaridina heteropoda var. red","url":"https://periodicos.ufc.br/eu/article/view/30551","decision":"excluded","reason":"A direct three-aquarium, three-day conference abstract reports complete Deugesia removal and survival of all 12 shrimp after mebendazole or albendazole additions, but aquarium volume, usable concentration, explicit control results, replicated vessels, water chemistry, sublethal endpoints and recurrence are not reported."}],"outcome":"A direct pilot abstract narrows the boundary for mebendazole and albendazole, but its incomplete dose, one-vessel-per-group design and three-day survival endpoint do not validate a treatment protocol. No controlled efficacy-and-host-safety trial for the named common hobby salt, fenbendazole, praziquantel or peroxide treatments was located. The gap remains open.","status":"gap-refined","nextReview":"2027-02-12"},{"id":"transport-acclimation-2026-08","gapIds":["transfer-rate","shipping-package-limits"],"question":"Do direct transport studies validate a package combination or an acclimation rate for Neocaridina?","reviewedAt":"2026-08-12","taxonTerms":["Neocaridina davidi","Neocaridina heteropoda","Neocaridina denticulata sinensis","Neocaradina spelling variant","red cherry shrimp","udang red cherry"],"conceptTerms":["transport","shipping","closed system","dry transport","acclimation","survival"],"sourcesSearched":["publisher and DOI records","scholarly web indexes","institutional and journal repositories"],"exactQueries":["Neocaridina davidi transport shipping experiment bag survival acclimation","\"Neocaridina heteropoda\" transport acclimation experiment","\"Neocaridina denticulata sinensis\" transport shipping survival","\"Neocaradina denticulata sinensis\" transport shipping survival","ornamental shrimp Neocaridina transport bag water study","\"udang red cherry\" transportasi penelitian","\"red cherry shrimp\" acclimation experiment water"],"candidateSources":[{"title":"Pengaruh Waktu Transportasi Sistem Tertutup terhadap Kelangsungan Hidup Udang Red Cherry (Neocaridina heteropoda)","url":"https://doi.org/10.56869/clarias.v3i1.346","decision":"included","reason":"Direct replicated wet closed-transport duration experiment with arrival survival and three-day follow-up."},{"title":"Pengaruh Suhu Pembiusan terhadap Kelangsungan Hidup Udang Red Cherry (Neocaridina denticulata sinensis) selama Transportasi Sistem Kering Suhu Rendah","url":"https://doi.org/10.29406/jba.v2i1.1631","decision":"included","reason":"Direct replicated dry chilled transport experiment, retained with its animal-unit, treatment-label, weight-unit, behaviour and conclusion inconsistencies."}],"outcome":"The package-evidence boundary is refined because two direct transport experiments were located. Neither tests the house package or any drip rate, duration or receiving-water formula, so both operational questions remain open.","status":"gap-refined","nextReview":"2027-02-12"},{"id":"filter-turnover-2026-08","gapIds":["filter-turnover"],"question":"Does an assigned aquarium comparison establish a Neocaridina filter type, flow rate or turnover rule?","reviewedAt":"2026-08-12","taxonTerms":["Neocaridina davidi","Neocaridina heteropoda","Neocaridina denticulata sinensis"],"conceptTerms":["filter type","turnover rate","flow rate","current velocity","juvenile density"],"sourcesSearched":["publisher and DOI records","scholarly web indexes","full-text repositories"],"exactQueries":["Neocaridina davidi filter flow rate experiment aquarium","\"Neocaridina heteropoda\" filter turnover flow experiment","\"Neocaridina denticulata sinensis\" current velocity aquarium"],"candidateSources":[{"title":"The distribution of the invasive shrimp Neocaridina davidi in relation to environmental parameters in a stream at Kunitachi, Tokyo, Japan","url":"https://doi.org/10.18353/crustacea.50.0_33","decision":"included","reason":"Quantifies a field association between current velocity and juvenile density, but does not assign aquarium flow."},{"title":"Assessment of a biofilm-based culture system within zero water exchange on water quality and shrimp survival and growth","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/are.12701","decision":"included","reason":"Documents a designed aerated biofilm system but does not compare filter types or turnover rates."}],"outcome":"The gap is refined with a quantified field association. No assigned aquarium filter or turnover comparison was located, so no universal hardware or flow rule follows.","status":"gap-refined","nextReview":"2027-02-12"},{"id":"water-parameter-optima-2026-08","gapIds":["water-parameter-optima"],"question":"Do direct experiments establish combined GH, KH, pH and conductivity optima for Neocaridina?","reviewedAt":"2026-08-12","taxonTerms":["Neocaridina davidi","Neocaridina heteropoda","Neocaridina denticulata sinensis"],"conceptTerms":["hardness","GH","KH","pH","conductivity","growth","reproduction"],"sourcesSearched":["publisher and DOI records","PubMed","scholarly web indexes","full-text repositories"],"exactQueries":["Neocaridina davidi hardness pH conductivity experiment growth reproduction","\"Neocaridina heteropoda\" water hardness GH KH experiment","\"Neocaridina denticulata sinensis\" pH salinity water quality growth"],"candidateSources":[{"title":"Life-history traits and ecological characteristics of the ornamental shrimp Neocaridina denticulata, recently introduced into the freshwater systems of Israel","url":"https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2019.14.4.08","decision":"included","reason":"Adds field occurrence and laboratory culture conditions, but neither was an assigned water-parameter optimum experiment."},{"title":"Effect of temperature on biochemical composition, growth and reproduction of the ornamental red cherry shrimp","url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0119468","decision":"included","reason":"Varies temperature while water chemistry remains context, so it cannot identify a GH, KH, pH or conductivity optimum."}],"outcome":"The occurrence boundary is broader, but no replicated factorial water-parameter optimum study was located. Field ranges and culture values remain contexts rather than targets.","status":"gap-refined","nextReview":"2027-02-12"},{"id":"light-environment-2026-08","gapIds":["light-environment"],"question":"Do assigned light spectrum, intensity or photoperiod comparisons establish an aquarium lighting regime for Neocaridina?","reviewedAt":"2026-08-12","taxonTerms":["Neocaridina davidi","Neocaridina heteropoda","Neocaridina denticulata sinensis"],"conceptTerms":["photoperiod","light intensity","light spectrum","phototaxis","photosensitivity","molting"],"sourcesSearched":["publisher and DOI records","PubMed","scholarly web indexes","full-text repositories"],"exactQueries":["\"Neocaridina davidi\" photoperiod experiment","\"Neocaridina heteropoda\" light photoperiod growth reproduction","\"Neocaridina denticulata sinensis\" light color behavior","Neocaridina light intensity phototaxis experiment","\"NdGATA123c\" full text","\"Soluble trehalase affects the light sensitivity\" full text"],"candidateSources":[{"title":"An eyestalk-enriched GATA factor (NdGATA123c) modulates photosensitivity and molting in Neocaridina denticulata sinensis","url":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.252737","decision":"candidate","reason":"The publisher and PubMed abstracts report eyestalk RNA interference, red- and green-light responses, ommatidial pigment change and a longer molt cycle, but the full article is paywalled and treatment allocation, controls, spectral exposure, molt denominators and analysis units could not be verified."},{"title":"Soluble trehalase affects the light sensitivity of Neocaridina denticulata sinensis by regulating eyestalk chitin synthesis","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.145186","decision":"candidate","reason":"The publisher and PubMed abstracts report gene knockdown, eyestalk cuticle damage and short blue- and green-light behaviour assays, but the full methods, independent units, irradiance, spectral protocol and analysis were not publicly verifiable."},{"title":"All Shades of Shrimp: Preferences of Colour Morphs of a Freshwater Shrimp Neocaridina davidi for Substrata of Different Colouration","url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11041071","decision":"included","reason":"The full article supports short background-shade and pattern choices under one lighting context, not a photoperiod, spectrum or intensity effect on welfare or colony outcomes."},{"title":"Estudos do comportamento do camarão Neocaridina davidi var red quando exposto a diferentes espetros de luz","url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/15250","decision":"included","reason":"The open thesis supports a colour-associated lit-dish occupancy signal in its apparatus, but fixed-side illumination, unequalized irradiance, first-trial tank confounding, unresolved exposure timing and incompletely specified repeated-count analysis prevent an aquarium spectrum or welfare recommendation."}],"outcome":"The open thesis adds direct intact-animal location counts and a rotating-lamp phase, but its apparatus and analysis cannot establish preference, welfare or a home lighting regime. Molecular studies show that eyestalk pathways participate in short light responses and may connect with molt physiology. No reviewed source establishes an aquarium spectrum, intensity or photoperiod, so the gap remains open.","status":"gap-refined","nextReview":"2027-02-12"},{"id":"botanical-litter-outcomes-2026-08","gapIds":["botanical-litter-outcomes"],"question":"Which direct leaf-litter studies separate preference, consumption, decomposition, water effects and long-term shrimp outcomes?","reviewedAt":"2026-08-12","taxonTerms":["Neocaridina davidi","Neocaridina heteropoda","Neocaridina denticulata","Neocaridina denticulata sinensis"],"conceptTerms":["leaf litter","botanicals","preference","consumption","decomposition","water quality","growth","reproduction"],"sourcesSearched":["publisher and DOI records","Crossref","OpenAlex","Semantic Scholar","institutional repositories","author-upload indexes"],"exactQueries":["\"Neocaridina davidi\" leaf litter feeding decomposition experiment","\"Neocaridina denticulata\" Typha leaf litter decomposition","\"Neocaridina davidi\" alder catappa leaf preference consumption","Neocaridina botanical leaf water quality survival growth reproduction"],"candidateSources":[{"title":"Promotive performance of shrimp Neocaridina denticulata on Typha angustifolia leaf litter decomposition","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-018-3573-4","decision":"included","reason":"The complete author-uploaded article supports a 140-day four-treatment microcosm comparison of litter-only, direct-contact, feces-contact and combined conditions. The review preserves destructive-harvest versus repeated-measures ambiguity, inconsistent cattail names, weekly river-water replacement, derived rather than measured grazing shares, and the absence of intake, growth, reproduction and health endpoints."},{"title":"Leaf-litter preferences of the introduced freshwater shrimps Atyaephyra desmarestii and Neocaridina davidi","url":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685403-00003736","decision":"candidate","reason":"The article and dissertation abstracts report adult and juvenile preference and consumption findings, but the complete choice units, leaf conditioning, decomposition controls, intake calculation and analysis are not publicly reviewable."},{"title":"Influence of the ornamental red cherry shrimp Neocaridina davidi on freshwater meiofaunal assemblages","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.limno.2016.06.001","decision":"included","reason":"The completed review confirms detritus and algae in stomach contents, but it does not identify a preferred leaf species, prove dietary adequacy or test a botanical treatment."},{"title":"Breeding and life cycle of the ornamental freshwater shrimp Neocaridina davidi in a biofilm-based culture system","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/are.14733","decision":"included","reason":"The completed review supports deliberately conditioned surface in one purpose-built culture system, but no leaf litter was assigned and unrelated aquarium biofilm or botanical products were not standardized."}],"outcome":"One direct cattail-decomposition lead completed method review, while the direct leaf-choice study still needs complete methods. The microcosm supports faster litter breakdown with direct shrimp access under its tested conditions, but mass loss is not measured intake and zero reported mortality is not dietary adequacy. No replicated home-like leaf comparison links an identified treatment to water safety, complete nutrition, growth, reproduction or disease outcomes.","status":"gap-refined","nextReview":"2027-02-12"},{"id":"complete-diet-adequacy-2026-08","gapIds":["complete-diet-adequacy"],"question":"Does a direct feeding study establish one complete diet, live feed, ration or nutrient target for a Neocaridina colony?","reviewedAt":"2026-08-12","taxonTerms":["Neocaridina davidi","Neocaridina heteropoda","Neocaridina denticulata","Neocaridina sp."],"conceptTerms":["complete diet","commercial feed","live feed","ration","intake","survival","growth","reproduction","pigmentation"],"sourcesSearched":["publisher and DOI records","Crossref","scholarly web indexes","open journal PDFs","institutional repositories"],"exactQueries":["\"Neocaridina davidi\" complete diet feeding trial survival reproduction","\"Neocaridina davidi\" commercial feed comparison ration intake","\"Neocaridina\" live feed Tubifex Chironomus Daphnia color survival","\"Neocaridina\" nutritional requirement protein lipid amino acid"],"candidateSources":[{"title":"The effectiveness of natural feed in enhancing color and survival rate of ornamental shrimp Neocaridina sp.","url":"https://doi.org/10.21107/juvenil.v6i3.31252","decision":"included","reason":"The complete PDF supports a three-aquarium-per-feed, 40-day comparison, but unidentified genus-only stock, unmeasured ad-libitum intake, unresolved starting counts, conflicting colour scales and statistical text prevent a universal Tubifex or live-feed recommendation."},{"title":"Effects of different aquarium feeds on growth performance and survival rate of red cherry shrimp Neocaridina denticulata","url":"https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.2016.33.3.05","decision":"included","reason":"Four branded products produced different growth and survival patterns, but formulation and physical form changed together and feeding to satiation does not establish a ration or isolate Spirulina."},{"title":"Effect of commercial diets on female reproductive performance and offspring quality in the red cherry shrimp Neocaridina davidi","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/are.14841","decision":"included","reason":"Three commercial diets support bounded broodstock and offspring comparisons, but their particular formulations do not define a complete diet for every life stage or current product."},{"title":"Effects of dietary incorporation of Arthrospira platensis meal on growth, survival, body composition, and reproductive performance over successive spawnings","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-017-1220-5","decision":"included","reason":"The long formulated-diet trial measures multiple life-cycle outcomes, but Arthrospira replaced fish meal and the percentages are treatment formulations rather than a universal additive or food requirement."},{"title":"Growth, reproduction and pigmentation performances of red cherry shrimp Neocaridina davidi fed with black soldier fly larvae Hermetia illucens meal","url":"https://doi.org/10.46754/ps.2025.07.004","decision":"included","reason":"Five complete formulas varied several ingredients together and retained unclear intake, water and analysis units, so the result cannot define a whole-insect ration or universal replacement level."}],"outcome":"Direct feeding studies show that diet treatment can change growth, survival, colour and reproductive endpoints, but no reviewed source defines one complete food, live-feed requirement, pellet count or nutrient target across the full colony life cycle. The adequacy gap remains open.","status":"gap-refined","nextReview":"2027-02-12"},{"id":"named-morph-crosses-2026-08","gapIds":["named-morph-crosses"],"question":"Do controlled pedigrees report F1, F2 and backcross ratios for named aquarium colour lines?","reviewedAt":"2026-08-12","taxonTerms":["Neocaridina davidi","Neocaridina heteropoda","Neocaridina denticulata sinensis"],"conceptTerms":["colour morph cross","F1","F2","backcross","inheritance ratio","trade line"],"sourcesSearched":["publisher and DOI records","scholarly web indexes","genetics journal indexes"],"exactQueries":["\"Neocaridina davidi\" color morph cross F1 F2 inheritance experiment","\"Neocaridina heteropoda\" colour morph crossing genetics offspring","\"Neocaridina davidi\" trade line dominance backcross","\"Crustacyanins as regulators of functional complementation\" full text"],"candidateSources":[{"title":"Decoding color variation: genome-wide characterization and expression analysis of pigment pathways in Neocaridina denticulata","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-026-12880-y","decision":"included","reason":"Directly compares molecular pigment pathways among colour strains but does not report pedigree cross ratios."},{"title":"Functional Analysis of the NinaB-like Gene in Body Color Regulation of Neocaridina denticulata sinensis","url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biotech15010015","decision":"included","reason":"Provides functional and association evidence for one colour pathway but not named trade-line F1, F2 or backcross outcomes."},{"title":"Crustacyanins as regulators of functional complementation, cuticle development, lipid metabolism, pigmentation, and immunity in shrimp","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743062","decision":"candidate","reason":"The official preview reports RNA interference, multi-omics and protein-interaction work on a 24-member crustacyanin family, but the full methods and visible phenotype denominators are unavailable and no named trade-line crosses are reported."}],"outcome":"The new crustacyanin study adds another functional molecular candidate, but its public record does not expose the complete units or report controlled named-line pedigrees. No study reporting complete F1, F2 and backcross phenotype denominators was located, so the inheritance gap remains open.","status":"gap-retained","nextReview":"2027-02-12"},{"id":"tankmate-recruitment-2026-08","gapIds":["tankmate-recruitment"],"question":"Do named fish comparisons measure both adult Neocaridina retention and juvenile recruitment?","reviewedAt":"2026-08-12","taxonTerms":["Neocaridina davidi","Neocaridina heteropoda","Neocaridina denticulata sinensis"],"conceptTerms":["fish tankmate","predation","adult survival","juvenile recruitment","shelter"],"sourcesSearched":["publisher and DOI records","scholarly web indexes","behaviour journal indexes"],"exactQueries":["\"Neocaridina davidi\" fish tankmate survival recruitment experiment","\"Neocaridina heteropoda\" predator fish juvenile survival aquarium","Neocaridina named fish shrimp-only control recruitment"],"candidateSources":[{"title":"Quantitative genetics of shy-bold behaviour and plastic response to novel predator cues in the cherry shrimp Neocaridina davidi","url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jeb/voag042","decision":"included","reason":"Full methods confirm 80 shrimp in repeated five-minute assays and 1,111 in a single-assay pedigree dataset. It uses water from one novel fish species without a fish in the arena and measures short behaviour rather than capture, survival or recruitment."},{"title":"Shelter preference and variation in the daily activity pattern of the ornamental shrimp Neocaridina davidi","url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2358-2936e2023018","decision":"included","reason":"Measures shelter choice without fish and cannot establish protection or colony recruitment with a tankmate."}],"outcome":"No named-fish trial with a shrimp-only control and adult plus juvenile colony denominators was located. Coexistence claims remain unvalidated.","status":"gap-retained","nextReview":"2027-02-12"},{"id":"aquarium-lifespan-2026-08","gapIds":["aquarium-lifespan"],"question":"Has a replicated known-hatch Neocaridina cohort been followed through individual deaths in home-like aquaria?","reviewedAt":"2026-08-12","taxonTerms":["Neocaridina davidi","Neocaridina heteropoda","Neocaridina denticulata sinensis"],"conceptTerms":["lifespan","longevity","known hatch","individual survival","cohort"],"sourcesSearched":["publisher and DOI records","scholarly web indexes","full-text repositories"],"exactQueries":["\"Neocaridina davidi\" individual lifespan laboratory hatch death","\"Neocaridina heteropoda\" longevity lifespan aquarium study","Neocaridina known-hatch cohort survival lifespan","\"Neocaridina heteropoda\" sexual maturity age aquarium","\"Neocaridina denticulata\" life cycle aquarium 75 days"],"candidateSources":[{"title":"Life-history traits and ecological characteristics of the ornamental shrimp Neocaridina denticulata, recently introduced into the freshwater systems of Israel","url":"https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2019.14.4.08","decision":"included","reason":"Tracks 18 known-hatch animals for molt and growth observations, but losses and stopping rules prevent a complete lifespan distribution."},{"title":"Life history of an invasive freshwater shrimp Neocaridina davidi in the Tomoe River","url":"https://doi.org/10.18353/crustacea.47.0_9","decision":"included","reason":"Infers lifespan from field size-frequency cohorts rather than following identified animals from hatch to death."},{"title":"Population dynamics of Neocaridina davidi in the thermally polluted Gillbach stream","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.limno.2018.05.001","decision":"included","reason":"Provides field estimates and a reported laboratory maximum, not a replicated individual aquarium survival distribution."},{"title":"The lifecycle of Neocaridina denticulata and N. palmata in aquariums","url":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d210609","decision":"included","reason":"Reports an aquarium life-stage sequence, but one initial tank per market label, unclear offspring allocation, missing survival denominators and inconsistent tables prevent a universal 75-day maturity calendar or lifespan inference."},{"title":"Estimation of the size of sexual maturity in reproducers of Neocaridina heteropoda under laboratory conditions","url":"https://doi.org/10.22267/revip.2071.20","decision":"included","reason":"Begins with selected adult broodstock and does not document the F1 hatch or age-assignment method needed to validate its reported maturity weeks."},{"title":"Ageing the unageable: investigating novel methods of ageing crustaceans","url":"https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/79834/","decision":"included","reason":"Uses bounded-age aquarium cohorts to test two molecular markers, but it is cross-sectional, samples one selected cohort tank per age group, follows no individual to death and cites rather than measures the approximate 13-month lifespan used to describe sampling coverage."}],"outcome":"The review now includes an open known-age-cohort thesis that rules out two simple molecular age markers under its protocols. It does not supply a lifespan distribution because no animal was followed to death and the approximate 13-month value was cited from another source. The lifespan gap remains open.","status":"gap-refined","nextReview":"2027-02-12"},{"id":"carrying-capacity-2026-08","gapIds":["carrying-capacity"],"question":"Do multigeneration complete-system experiments establish stable home-aquarium carrying capacity?","reviewedAt":"2026-08-12","taxonTerms":["Neocaridina davidi","Neocaridina heteropoda","Neocaridina denticulata sinensis"],"conceptTerms":["carrying capacity","population growth","density","multigeneration","recruitment"],"sourcesSearched":["publisher and DOI records","scholarly web indexes","full-text repositories"],"exactQueries":["\"Neocaridina davidi\" carrying capacity multigeneration aquarium population experiment","\"Neocaridina davidi\" population growth density long term culture","Neocaridina complete-system capacity recruitment density"],"candidateSources":[{"title":"Density and gender segregation effects in the culture of the caridean ornamental red cherry shrimp Neocaridina davidi Bouvier, 1904 (Caridea: Atyidae)","url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcbiol/rux051","decision":"included","reason":"A 90-day juvenile density comparison measures growth and survival, not multigeneration complete-system capacity."},{"title":"The distribution of the invasive shrimp Neocaridina davidi in relation to environmental parameters in a stream at Kunitachi, Tokyo, Japan","url":"https://doi.org/10.18353/crustacea.50.0_33","decision":"included","reason":"Reports field density and habitat associations, which cannot define capacity in a maintained home aquarium."},{"title":"Life-history traits and ecological characteristics of the ornamental shrimp Neocaridina denticulata, recently introduced into the freshwater systems of Israel","url":"https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2019.14.4.08","decision":"included","reason":"Observes three laboratory generations without a replicated density or resource treatment and therefore does not test capacity."}],"outcome":"The evidence base now distinguishes short grow-out density, field density and unreplicated multigeneration observation. No complete-system carrying-capacity experiment was located.","status":"gap-refined","nextReview":"2027-02-12"},{"id":"microplastic-exposure-2026-08","gapIds":["microplastic-exposure"],"question":"Which direct Neocaridina microplastic studies measure individual growth, reproduction or survival under home-like histories?","reviewedAt":"2026-08-12","taxonTerms":["Neocaridina davidi","Neocaridina heteropoda","Neocaridina denticulata sinensis","Neocaridina palmata"],"conceptTerms":["microplastics","polystyrene","growth","reproduction","survival","behaviour","metabolism"],"sourcesSearched":["publisher and DOI records","PubMed","scholarly web indexes","full-text repositories"],"exactQueries":["\"Neocaridina davidi\" microplastic exposure reproduction growth 2025 2026","\"Neocaridina denticulata sinensis\" microplastics experiment","\"Neocaridina\" polystyrene microplastics cadmium survival growth histopathology","site:pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Neocaridina microplastic"],"candidateSources":[{"title":"Microplastics Affecting Population Growth, Mortality and Life Stages of Cherry Shrimp, Neocaridina davidi","url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/are/6618042","decision":"included","reason":"Direct five-month aquarium exposure with mortality and size-class counts, but no repeated individual growth or fecundity endpoints."},{"title":"Polystyrene Microparticles and the Functional Traits of Invertebrates: A Case Study on Freshwater Shrimp Neocardina heteropoda","url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes7060323","decision":"included","reason":"Direct 7-day and 14-day activity and metabolism comparison, with an aquarium-level assignment caveat in the published analysis."},{"title":"Particle shape does not affect ingestion and egestion of microplastics by the freshwater shrimp Neocaridina palmata","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15068-x","decision":"included","reason":"Direct 24-hour particle-recovery and four-hour egestion observations in N. palmata, but no chronic health outcome and no isolated shape effect."},{"title":"Impacts of cadmium and microplastics on Neocaridina denticulata sinensis: Survival, growth, biochemistry, histopathology and gut microbiome","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126829","decision":"candidate","reason":"Publisher text confirms a 14-day nominal 1 microgram/L cadmium comparison with 20000 or 20000000 polystyrene particles/L followed by 7 days in clean water, but aquarium replication, animal denominators, assignment, measured exposure and endpoint analysis units remain unavailable without the full methods."}],"outcome":"A third fully reviewed direct study adds particle-ingestion and short egestion observations in N. palmata without measuring chronic harm. The 2025 combined cadmium study remains a candidate until its methods can be verified, and the home-like growth and fecundity gap remains open.","status":"gap-refined","nextReview":"2027-02-12"}],"researchChanges":[{"id":"one-season-sensitive-character-is-not-a-species-id","date":"2026-08-12","kind":"source-added","title":"One season-sensitive character is not a species identification","changed":"The species, anatomy and sexing guidance now includes the complete Neocaridina iriomotensis description and its finding that one walking-leg sex difference was present in summer specimens but absent in winter specimens.","why":"The treatment examined a large deposited series and used combinations of morphology, but all listed material came from one locality and no molecular analysis was included. Nearby intermediate forms remained tentative ecomorphs. A season-sensitive appendage, colour or photograph cannot authenticate a seller line or identify another animal by itself.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.2988/0006-324X(2006)119[25:NIANSO]2.0.CO;2"],"guidePaths":["/care/species","/care/anatomy","/care/sexing"]},{"id":"another-neocaridina-species-is-not-a-colour-morph","date":"2026-08-12","kind":"source-added","title":"Another Neocaridina species is not a colour morph","changed":"The evidence registry and species guide now include the complete description of Neocaridina fonticulata, with its deposited material, diagnostic anatomy, sampled COI evidence and type-locality context kept separate from aquarium trade labels.","why":"The paper diagnoses a distinct species with rostrum, pereiopod and male pleopod characters plus one mitochondrial haplotype from four shrimp. Several characters require an adult male and specialist examination. One locality, one COI haplotype and live-colour photographs cannot identify a seller line, prove reproductive isolation, map a complete range or turn collection-site water values into care targets.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.817.29332"],"guidePaths":["/care/species","/care/anatomy","/care/genetics","/care/parameters"]},{"id":"extension-species-profile-is-not-a-parameter-sheet","date":"2026-08-12","kind":"gap-refined","title":"An extension species profile is not a parameter sheet","changed":"The species guide and supporting-authority registry now include the current UF/IFAS cherry-shrimp profile while explicitly separating its public labels and species overview from aquarium parameter advice.","why":"The official three-page PDF contains no recommended temperature, pH, GH, KH, conductivity, TDS, nitrogen, stocking, tank-size, water-change or feeding values. Its morph-name list has no crossing or genetic evidence, and most printed size, incubation, maturity, molting and cleanup statements do not expose the underlying denominators or conditions. The profile is useful professional orientation, but it cannot support the water-parameter requirements attributed to it by secondary hobby pages.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-in1301-2020"],"guidePaths":["/care/species","/care/parameters","/care/surplus"]},{"id":"one-hundred-seventeen-scopus-records-are-not-completeness-proof","date":"2026-08-12","kind":"scope-narrowed","title":"One hundred seventeen Scopus records are not completeness proof","changed":"The literature census now treats the independent 2024 bibliometric paper as a directional comparison instead of implying that its reported total validates completeness.","why":"The open article reports 117 publications from 1952 through 2021, but omits the exact Scopus query, search date, screening flow, excluded records and raw export. Its document types total 107, access categories total 108, topic shares total 93 percent, and China is reported as both 43 and 37 publications. Its citation table also includes works not directly about Neocaridina. The paper can map broad history and collaboration, but it cannot certify either its own corpus or the separate Crossref census as complete.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.54020/seasv5n2-001"],"guidePaths":["/care/species"]},{"id":"sixteen-microbiome-libraries-are-not-six-hundred-replicates","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"gap-refined","title":"Sixteen microbiome libraries are not six hundred replicates","changed":"The microbiome backlog now records an authenticated diurnal study and its open supplement while keeping abstract-level results out of the evidence registry and care guides.","why":"The abstract reports gut material from 600 shrimp across four clock times, but the open figures show four sample points and four rarefaction curves per time, for 16 visible sequencing samples. Every displayed pairwise alpha-diversity p value ranges from 0.13 to 0.83, so a descriptively higher midnight value is not a supported feeding optimum. Without complete methods, pooling and tank independence are unknown, predicted pathways are not measured digestion, and genus-level 16S detection cannot diagnose infection, virulence or disease.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.1080/09291016.2022.2106711","https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.20402326"],"guidePaths":["/care/feeding","/care/behaviour","/care/health"]},{"id":"time-associated-rna-is-not-a-best-feeding-hour","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"source-added","title":"Time-associated RNA does not identify a best feeding hour","changed":"The feeding, behaviour, molting and temperature evidence boundary now includes a complete diurnal hepatopancreas transcriptome study without turning molecular timing into a care schedule.","why":"The study sampled four sequential times after at least 48 hours without feed, but time changed together with light state, a daily temperature swing and fasting duration. Its ten sequencing libraries were unequal across times, two intended libraries were unexplained, the qRT-PCR denominator conflicts with its figure and only Clk differed significantly among four validation targets. No feeding hour, intake, digestion, growth, molt, reproduction or health outcome was compared.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2024.043","https://www.scienceasia.org/2024.50.n2/scias50_2024043.pdf","https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/PRJNA832034"],"guidePaths":["/care/feeding","/care/behaviour","/care/molting","/care/temperature"]},{"id":"three-korean-collection-dates-are-not-prevalence","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"source-added","title":"Three Korean collection dates are not prevalence","changed":"The health and anatomy guides now include a complete Korean Holtodrilus taxonomic record with collection dates, morphology, vouchers and a COI barcode reference.","why":"The paper documents H. truncatus on wild Neocaridina sp. at one stream using material from 2010, 2015 and 2016, but reports no host or worm counts, sampling effort, host identity beyond genus or host-health outcome. Its three NIBR voucher identifiers and GenBank KX683299 make the occurrence checkable without turning it into N. davidi prevalence, continuous persistence, trade origin, harmlessness, diagnosis, quarantine or treatment evidence.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2016.5.3.459","https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/landing/article.kci?arti_id=ART002159656"],"guidePaths":["/care/health","/care/anatomy","/care/quarantine"]},{"id":"uropod-imaging-site-is-not-a-grade-standard","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"gap-refined","title":"A suggested uropod imaging site is not a grade standard","changed":"The colour evidence backlog now records a direct 2011 Neocaridina chromatosome paper without promoting its abstract into a grading or husbandry rule.","why":"The accessible abstract identifies three phenotypes, anterior pigmentation and the uropod exopod as a suitable non-invasive monitoring area, but the full methods and results remain access-controlled. Phenotype definitions, denominators, holding conditions, imaging controls, scoring, statistics and effect sizes remain unverified, so one phone photograph cannot be treated as a stable whole-animal grade, genetic test, health reading or colour-care prescription.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.1651/11-3457.1"],"guidePaths":["/care/colours"]},{"id":"detached-worm-persistence-is-not-a-quarantine-clock","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"source-added","title":"Detached-worm persistence is not a quarantine clock","changed":"The health and quarantine guides now include a complete open study of Holtodrilus body locations, cocoons, host-removed persistence and a small host-exchange demonstration on wild Neocaridina hosts.","why":"The longest host-removed observation was 46 days in source river water without added food, but the containers differed, two worms are missing from the reported ranges, death criteria and controls were omitted and the animals were not identified to N. davidi. Persistence under that laboratory history does not validate a 46-day quarantine, while attachment and predation demonstrations do not establish transmission probability, safe tankmates, treatment efficacy or host harm.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.2478/s11535-013-0184-3","https://d-nb.info/1342669088/34"],"guidePaths":["/care/health","/care/quarantine","/care/anatomy"]},{"id":"wild-brood-count-is-not-a-colony-forecast","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"source-added","title":"A selected wild brood count is not a colony forecast","changed":"The breeding guide now includes a full-method 2006 field comparison with direct brood counts, sampled egg volumes, reproductive output and monthly gonad measurements for N. denticulata denticulata.","why":"The 43 brood-count females were selected because they were already ovigerous and came from one preserved wild Korean population. A separate cross-sectional ovary comparison supports rematuration during embryo development, but no female was followed through hatch and another spawning. The results cannot predict a captive N. davidi clutch, establish a May aquarium season or promise consecutive broods.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.5657/kfas.2006.39.spc1.198"],"guidePaths":["/care/breeding","/care/sexing"]},{"id":"scutariella-morphology-is-not-a-fenbendazole-protocol","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"source-added","title":"A Scutariella identification case is not a fenbendazole protocol","changed":"The health and quarantine boundary now includes an open captive N. davidi case series with live-worm morphology, visible counts and branchial-chamber eggs.","why":"All 15 selected diagnostic shrimp carried morphologically identified S. japonica, but the paper measured no prevalence, transmission, host harm or treatment outcome. Its fenbendazole statement has no dose, exposure, control, efficacy, recurrence or safety data and cannot become a community treatment recipe.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.56385/magyallorv.2023.06.351-358","https://huveta.hu/items/1b0da4b4-de76-4714-bec2-9aeff20c1dd1"],"guidePaths":["/care/health","/care/quarantine","/care/anatomy"]},{"id":"linked-pesticide-system-noecs-are-not-tank-limits","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"gap-refined","title":"Three linked pesticide-system studies do not create tank limits","changed":"The chemical-exposure map now records direct N. palmata tebufenpyrad and diflubenzuron articles plus a related Neocaridina thiacloprid preprint as one retrieval cluster.","why":"Only abstracts and indexed publisher text were accessible. The complete allocation, animal denominators, measured-exposure calculations, proxy definitions, analysis and supplements remain unaudited. Their wet-weight and chitobiase NOECs are chemical-specific system-study endpoints, not N. davidi mortality limits, household product rules or interchangeable pesticide thresholds.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135118","https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137567","https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5024510"],"guidePaths":["/care/chemical-safety","/care/molting","/care/growth"]},{"id":"chronic-pfas-mortality-values-are-not-aquarium-limits","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"gap-refined","title":"A 28-day PFAS result is not an aquarium water limit","changed":"The chemical-exposure backlog now includes a previously missing study that reports 28-day PFBA and PFBS mortality comparisons in Neocaridina denticulata.","why":"The indexed tables expose chemical-specific NOEC and acute-to-chronic values, but the complete animal allocation, vessel replication, water chemistry, analytical verification, mortality schedule and statistical method remain unavailable behind human verification. The result expands the chronic-exposure map without creating an N. davidi care threshold or product-safety verdict.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139537"],"guidePaths":["/care/chemical-safety","/care/health"]},{"id":"restricted-ammonia-thesis-refines-the-chronic-gap","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"gap-refined","title":"One restricted ammonia thesis does not create a safe tank threshold","changed":"The nitrogen gap now records an official 2007 thesis abstract that reports chronic total-ammonia growth and reproductive comparisons in Neocaridina denticulata.","why":"The complete 79-page thesis is restricted. The public record does not expose the chronic duration, vessel replication, animal denominators, water pH and temperature, exposure verification, exact statistical tests or derivation of the abstract-labeled maximum acceptable concentration. The abstract therefore changes the discovery map but cannot validate a care target, intervention trigger or N. davidi threshold.","sourceUrls":["https://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/30064"],"guidePaths":["/care/nitrogen","/care/health","/care/breeding","/care/growth"]},{"id":"lit-dish-counts-do-not-establish-the-best-shrimp-light","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"source-added","title":"Lit-dish counts do not establish the best shrimp light","changed":"The habitat and behaviour guides now include an open two-trial Neocaridina light-spectrum thesis while separating its location counts from preference, welfare and long-term lighting advice.","why":"The rotating-lamp trial strengthens the colour-associated signal, but irradiance was not measured or equalized, illumination stayed on the left, the repeated-count model was incompletely specified and coloured lamps could change observer detection of red shrimp. The first trial confounded colour with aquarium, and the stated light period does not overlap the observation hours. No stress, growth, survival comparison or reproductive-rate endpoint was measured.","sourceUrls":["https://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/15250"],"guidePaths":["/care/habitat","/care/behaviour"]},{"id":"failed-molecular-clocks-are-not-a-shrimp-age-test","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"source-added","title":"Failed molecular clocks do not create a shrimp age test","changed":"The growth and lifespan guide now includes an open doctoral thesis that tested global DNA methylation and mitochondrial point mutations across bounded-age Neocaridina cohorts.","why":"The ELISA comparison depended on recalibrated standards after only 30 of 100 raw readings fell within range. The mitochondrial comparison found no age-group difference across approximately 6 kb after removing one influential animal, while probable nuclear copies affected approximately 9.5 kb. Each sampled age came from one selected cohort tank, the egg samples came from one mother, different animals were sampled at each age and the cited 13-month lifespan was not measured by the thesis.","sourceUrls":["https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/79834/"],"guidePaths":["/care/growth","/care/genetics"]},{"id":"nickel-data-rows-do-not-add-dose-replication","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"gap-refined","title":"Open nickel data improve denominators without adding dose replication","changed":"The chemical-safety guide now links the two CC BY nickel deposits and distinguishes their numbered samples and quantitative rows from independent replication of the exposure.","why":"The 2024 deposit has three numbered TXRF samples per group but measures whole-shrimp nickel rather than exposure-water concentration. Its reactive-oxygen tables contain uneven rows and repeated dates without independent-animal identifiers. The deposit corresponding to the 2025 article supplies five values per group and organ for mitochondrial potential, ATP and ADP/ATP, but does not link specimens across methods. The two articles remain one research sequence using one high nominal dose scheme.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.1080/24750263.2024.2310041","https://doi.org/10.18150/KEW0KP","https://doi.org/10.1080/24750263.2025.2533312","https://doi.org/10.18150/Z04VGN"],"guidePaths":["/care/chemical-safety","/care/anatomy","/care/health"]},{"id":"snail-growth-comparison-is-not-a-safe-complete-diet","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"source-added","title":"A snail growth comparison is not a safe complete diet","changed":"The feeding guide now includes a 2023 individual-shrimp comparison of pellets, Biomphalaria glabrata mantle and an equal offering while rejecting its conversion into a carcass-feeding or pest-control recipe.","why":"The trial detected no feeding-treatment main effect on mass gain, but it did not measure intake, feed conversion, nutrient composition or food safety and was not an equivalence design. Forty-two starters became 40 analyzed animals despite a 100 percent survival claim, treatment sex counts conflict across sections and one table mean is impossible relative to final mass and the plot.","sourceUrls":["https://hdl.handle.net/11449/252406"],"guidePaths":["/care/feeding","/care/growth","/care/health"]},{"id":"peer-review-details-do-not-replace-final-midgut-methods","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"gap-refined","title":"Public peer review adds context, not a larval feeding rule","changed":"The early-development backlog now records the complete public review history for a 2021 Neocaridina midgut study while keeping the paper out of the method-reviewed evidence corpus.","why":"The reviews identify the microscopy and cell-death approaches and say zoea I were non-feeding and lecithotrophic while zoea III were feeding. They also document correction of a duplicated image, cell terminology, labels, table headlines and interpretation. The final article, specimen allocation, independent microscopy units, assay controls, denominators and statistics remain unavailable, so the review record cannot establish a home feeding stage or overturn direct-development descriptions.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.21281","https://doi.org/10.1002/JMOR.21281/V2/RESPONSE1","https://doi.org/10.1002/JMOR.21281/V1/REVIEW2"],"guidePaths":["/care/anatomy","/care/breeding"]},{"id":"cellular-recovery-is-not-a-refeeding-recipe","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"source-added","title":"Cellular recovery is not a re-feeding recipe","changed":"The feeding, anatomy and health guides now include a linked 2019 starvation and re-feeding midgut study while separating tissue-marker changes from a routine fast, mortality threshold, recovery ration, visible diagnosis and health benefit.","why":"The study isolated adults in algae-suppressed 250 mL containers and imported non-starved controls from a 2016 paper. Most 21-day animals reportedly died without a survival analysis, animal counts conflict with the quantitative n, re-feeding ration was omitted and the apoptosis table prints impossible zero means with positive standard deviations.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2018-0104"],"guidePaths":["/care/feeding","/care/anatomy","/care/health"]},{"id":"plastic-leachate-bacterial-effect-is-not-shrimp-safety","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"source-added","title":"A bacterial leachate effect is not a shrimp safety verdict","changed":"The chemical-safety and behaviour guides now include a 2021 N. palmata plastic-leachate experiment while separating bacterial luminescence inhibition from a consistent shrimp locomotor effect, particle exposure and household-product safety.","why":"Duplicate 24-hour leachates were pooled, particle-filtered and concentrated before testing. Eight one-shrimp vessels per concentration repeated movement observations across 14 days, but individual variation dominated and the two locomotor endpoints showed no consistent concentration-response. The article did not identify the causal compounds, test N. davidi or measure growth, reproduction, histology or chronic aquarium exposure.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12442"],"guidePaths":["/care/chemical-safety","/care/behaviour"]},{"id":"particle-recovery-is-not-microplastic-harm","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"source-added","title":"Recovered particles are not a measured health effect","changed":"The chemical-safety guide now includes a 2021 N. palmata ingestion and four-hour egestion experiment while separating particle recovery from harm, safety, tissue transfer, complete clearance and a shape-only effect.","why":"The study used one independent run with seven to eight surviving one-shrimp vessels per treatment. Immediate and four-hour values came from separate animals with very large variability, and the supplement supplies only group summaries. Beads and fragments differed in polymer, size distribution, preparation and detection, while no chronic survival, growth, reproduction, histology or verified home exposure was measured.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15068-x"],"guidePaths":["/care/chemical-safety"]},{"id":"five-ssr-markers-are-not-a-purity-test","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"scope-narrowed","title":"Five SSR markers are not a colour-purity certificate","changed":"The genetics guide now includes a 2020 super red, chocolate and reciprocal-cross marker study while separating marker development in one supplier breeding population from a validated trade-line test.","why":"The complete article and eleven official supplements support five polymorphic SSR loci and reveal eight selected females and males per source strain plus three families per cross group. They do not provide individual genotype data, complete group denominators, family-aware analysis, standardized colour phenotypes, Mendelian segregation or an independent test population. Hybrid frequencies occur in eighths despite a stated 50 offspring per group, and the claimed 0.0018 percent combined misrecognition rate is not derived or tested on held-out animals.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-020-09979-y"],"guidePaths":["/care/genetics","/care/colours","/care/breeding","/care/species"]},{"id":"colour-transcriptome-is-not-an-inheritance-map","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"gap-refined","title":"A colour transcriptome is not an inheritance map","changed":"The colour and genetics gap map now includes the 2022 red, blue and chocolate cephalothorax transcriptome and its public nine-run archive without promoting expression differences or mined SSRs into breeding guidance.","why":"The archive confirms three labeled RNA-seq samples per phenotype, but neither it nor the accessible article record states the shrimp count or pooling behind each library, independent tank and family units, or a standardized colour measurement. The study compared phenotype-associated expression. It did not test a named trade line, causal DNA variant, segregation ratio, dominance, cross forecast or validated genetic marker, and complete methods remain unavailable.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2021.145929","https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/view/PRJNA382065"],"guidePaths":["/care/colours","/care/genetics"]},{"id":"repeated-field-detections-are-not-cold-tolerance","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"source-added","title":"Repeated field detections are not a cold-tolerance experiment","changed":"The species, surplus, temperature and breeding boundary now includes the 2018 Polish occurrence study while separating strong identity evidence from establishment certainty, cold tolerance, traced release and aquarium care.","why":"Fifteen field shrimp were collected in 2003, 2013 and 2017, with one ovigerous female and seven field COI accessions. Most effort was qualitative, no winter temperature or sample was reported, the canal received heated power-station water and repeated yearly introductions remained an explicit alternative. A shared COI haplotype with six aquarium animals did not identify a source colony or release event.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2018004"],"guidePaths":["/care/species","/care/surplus","/care/temperature","/care/breeding"]},{"id":"historical-neocaridina-serrata-is-caridina","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"correction","title":"A historical Neocaridina title can describe a Caridina population","changed":"The species, growth, breeding and temperature boundary now excludes the 1985 Lam Tsuen population paper from Neocaridina biological evidence while preserving its original title as a searchable historical record.","why":"The paper was published as Neocaridina serrata, but the complete 1999 taxonomic revision examined Lam Tsuen material and reassigned the population to Caridina cantonensis. It also explained that neither C. cantonensis nor C. serrata belongs in Neocaridina. The older field correlations and inferred annual life history therefore cannot support N. davidi care or breeding calendars.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00032135","https://doi.org/10.1080/002229399299789"],"guidePaths":["/care/species","/care/growth","/care/breeding","/care/temperature"]},{"id":"arsenic-lc50-is-not-a-safe-water-limit","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"gap-refined","title":"Arsenic survival and LC50 values are not safe aquarium limits","changed":"The chemical-exposure backlog now includes two related 1993 and 1994 Neocaridina arsenic food-chain experiments while keeping their abstract-level survival, tolerance, accumulation, excretion and trophic-transfer results out of the evidence corpus until complete methods are reviewed.","why":"One abstract reports four arsenic-species LC50 values; the other says shrimp survived below 2 mg/L arsenate and separates aqueous from dietary arsenic profiles. Both omit essential duration, animal, vessel, replication, measured-exposure, analytical, feeding and statistical units. The related papers share authors and program logic and are not independent laboratory replications. Neither an LC50 nor unspecified survival below a concentration is a safe limit.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590070705","https://doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590080407"],"guidePaths":["/care/chemical-safety","/care/feeding","/care/health"]},{"id":"model-organism-review-is-not-care-standard","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"scope-narrowed","title":"A model-organism recommendation is not a care standard","changed":"The genetics and husbandry boundary now includes the influential 2015 recommendation to develop Neocaridina as a functional-genomics model while identifying its care numbers and disease-resistance language as secondary synthesis, not new experimental evidence.","why":"The seven-page policy paper arose from a symposium workshop, compared three candidate species and reported no new animals or systematic review method. It explicitly listed a complete genome and reliable gene-control methods as future work, while its pH, temperature, maturity, molt and egg statements came from selected older sources.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icv050"],"guidePaths":["/care/genetics","/care/breeding","/care/growth","/care/molting","/care/health","/care/parameters"]},{"id":"coxiella-type-read-is-not-probiotic","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"source-added","title":"A Coxiella-type read is not a probiotic or disease diagnosis","changed":"The breeding, feeding and health boundary now includes the 2015 Neocaridina ovarian-stage microbiota survey while separating a relative 16S profile from bacterial load, prevalence, function and causation.","why":"The study sampled nine females cross-sectionally, three per visually assigned stage, after a two-day fast. Its 27 tissue libraries showed stage-associated gut diversity and a dominant early-stage Coxiella-type OTU, but no microbe was cultured or manipulated and no fertility, hatch, survival, disease or treatment outcome was measured.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-015-9662-8"],"guidePaths":["/care/breeding","/care/feeding","/care/health","/care/anatomy"]},{"id":"hormone-pathway-gene-is-not-molt-treatment","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"source-added","title":"A hormone-pathway gene is not a molting treatment","changed":"The molting, genetics and breeding evidence boundary now includes the foundational 2015 Neocaridina hormone-pathway gene catalogue while separating sequence identification from demonstrated hormone production, gene function and whole-animal outcomes.","why":"The study searched a fragmented one-animal draft genome, validated selected partial transcripts and displayed a semiquantitative JHAMT gel with three reported individual samples per group. It did not measure hormone or protein concentrations, manipulate a pathway in living shrimp, or measure molt frequency, ecdysis success, growth, survival, fertility or offspring. RNA-animal provenance and several life-stage details were not reported, and the referenced supplementary alignments and primers were unavailable in this review.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.07.018"],"guidePaths":["/care/molting","/care/genetics","/care/breeding"]},{"id":"diclofenac-control-was-not-zero","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"scope-narrowed","title":"The diclofenac control was not an analytical zero","changed":"The chemical-safety and breeding evidence boundary now reports the measured control concentration, survivor-conditioned later endpoints and the distinction between fewer broods and a statistically significant treatment effect on hatchling count.","why":"The two control checks contained 0.009 and 0.006 mg/L diclofenac, while the nominal 0.1 and 1 mg/L treatments averaged 0.1320 and 1.0730 mg/L. The first egg cohort had partly developed before exposure, later brood samples depended on survival and spawning, and hatchling counts did not differ significantly among treatments. The SSRN and Research Square records are preprint versions of the published study, not independent replication.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-023-01027-9","https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4214381"],"guidePaths":["/care/chemical-safety","/care/breeding"]},{"id":"crustacyanin-pathways-are-not-breeding-targets","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"gap-refined","title":"A multi-omics pathway label is not a colour-breeding target","changed":"The colour-genetics gap map and priority queue now include the 2026 crustacyanin RNA-interference and multi-omics study without promoting its abstract-level results into the method-reviewed evidence corpus.","why":"The publisher preview reports 24 family genes, two knockdown targets, compensatory expression and candidate interacting proteins, but not the complete animal, vessel, control, pooling, phenotype or analysis units. It reports no named-line crosses, standardized visible-colour outcome, whole-animal molt result or living-shrimp disease-protection test.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743062"],"guidePaths":["/care/colours","/care/genetics"]},{"id":"three-colour-strains-are-not-trade-line-genotypes","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"scope-narrowed","title":"Three colour strains are not trade-line genotypes","changed":"The genetics and colour evidence boundary now preserves the full methods behind the 2026 red, yellow and blue pigment-pathway comparison, including its unresolved animals, pools, tanks, source identities and phenotype measurements.","why":"The study reported three biological samples per endpoint but not the shrimp count or pooling behind them, culture-tank replication or strain allocation. It compared transcripts, normalized western-blot bands and relative fluorescence without gene manipulation, crosses, standardized colorimetry, pigment-compound identification or named-trade-line validation.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-026-12880-y"],"guidePaths":["/care/colours","/care/genetics"]},{"id":"antimicrobial-family-name-is-not-disease-resistance","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"source-added","title":"An antimicrobial-family name is not disease resistance","changed":"The health guide now includes the 2025 NdCrus1 study while separating recombinant-protein protease and chitin assays from direct bacterial inhibition and outcomes in living shrimp.","why":"The recombinant protein did not significantly inhibit either tested bacterium. It inhibited selected protease preparations and bound chitin materials in vitro, but the study included no living-shrimp bacterial challenge, gene manipulation, survival, pathogen-load, clearance or protection endpoint.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cirep.2025.200226"],"guidePaths":["/care/health"]},{"id":"one-brazilian-specimen-is-not-a-population","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"source-added","title":"One identified shrimp is a record, not a population","changed":"The species and surplus guides now include the first reported Brazilian Neocaridina davidi specimen while separating strong specimen identification from population establishment, marine tolerance and a traced aquarium release.","why":"The study vouchered one 6.52 mm adult female and used morphology plus COI, 16S, 18S and H3 evidence. It did not measure ambient salinity, survival or osmoregulation, resample nearby freshwater, find a second animal, document reproduction or directly test the proposed aquarium-trade introduction route.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305/bip.2024.50.e849"],"guidePaths":["/care/species","/care/surplus"]},{"id":"lower-mixture-lc50-is-not-automatic-synergy","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"source-added","title":"A lower mixture LC50 is not automatic proof of synergy","changed":"The chemical-safety guide now includes the full 2014 acetaminophen and ibuprofen juvenile-mortality experiment while separating its ratio-specific curves from a formal mixture-interaction model and aquarium guidance.","why":"The unequal series varied one drug while holding the other at 0.5 mg/L, but the reported LC50 labels include only the variable component. The paper used nominal concentrations and called patterns synergistic or antagonistic without a concentration-addition, independent-action, toxicity-unit, model-deviation or isobologram analysis.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2014.04.014"],"guidePaths":["/care/chemical-safety"]},{"id":"three-edited-survivors-are-not-an-inheritance-chart","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"source-added","title":"Three altered survivors are not an inheritance chart","changed":"The genetics guide now includes the 2022 Neocaridina embryo-editing experiment while separating a target-gene method result from whole-cohort efficiency, adult outcome, inherited line and commercial-colour claims.","why":"The reported 10 percent was three visibly altered animals among 28 injected embryos that survived to the phenotype screen. The paper did not report the initial injected total, systematically genotype phenotype-normal survivors, follow edited animals to adulthood or test fertility, germline transmission or F1 inheritance.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.243702"],"guidePaths":["/care/genetics","/care/colours"]},{"id":"core-gene-recovery-is-not-complete-genome","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"source-added","title":"A 99.3 percent core-gene hit rate is not a 99.3 percent complete genome","changed":"The genetics guide now includes the foundational 2014 short-read Neocaridina resource while separating gene detection from whole-genome completeness, commercial-line ancestry, pedigree and consumer testing.","why":"One commercially sourced adult supplied the genomic DNA. The assembly contained 3,346,358 contigs, an N50 of 400 base pairs and 1.284 gigabases against an assumed approximately 3-gigabase genome. The 99.3 percent figure came from recognizable hits for 455 of 458 selected core genes, while the authors described non-coding sequence as poorly recovered.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.3390/md12031419"],"guidePaths":["/care/genetics","/care/species"]},{"id":"dietary-manganese-is-not-a-tank-dose","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"source-added","title":"One dietary manganese response curve is not a tank dose","changed":"The feeding and molting guides now include a six-diet manganese experiment while separating its short complete-formulation response from a universal requirement, aquarium-water dose, supplement recipe, incomplete-molt treatment and health claim.","why":"The study used three 50-shrimp tanks per diet for 30 days and reported its highest growth percentages and antioxidant-enzyme activities at 62.69 micrograms per gram of finished feed. The control already contained manganese, all tanks shared recirculating water, biochemical sample-to-tank mapping was unclear and survival, feed conversion, tissue manganese, deficiency signs, molting, reproduction and long-term safety were not reported.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.46989/001c.20585"],"guidePaths":["/care/feeding","/care/molting"]},{"id":"background-colour-is-not-genotype","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"source-added","title":"A background-colour response is not a genetic colour change","changed":"The colour guide now includes a seven-day assigned-environment comparison while separating an RGB response among survivors from inherited colour, commercial grade and camouflage benefit.","why":"Only the blue group produced a significant among-channel difference. The preprint withheld feed for 14 days, reported about 56 percent survival in white, did not report vessel allocation or replication and barcoded only five colony representatives rather than all 64 experimental animals.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.51094/jxiv.1804"],"guidePaths":["/care/colours"]},{"id":"cell-death-marker-is-not-disease","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"source-added","title":"A cell-death marker is not automatically a shrimp disease","changed":"The anatomy and health guides now include direct adult intestine and hepatopancreas microscopy while separating normal tissue turnover observations from visible diagnosis, pathogen attribution, welfare state and treatment selection.","why":"The study found autophagy, apoptosis and occasional necrosis without assigning an external stressor, but used small method-specific specimen groups, omitted the TUNEL animal denominator, did not report host identification or health screening and printed one impossible 938-of-231 cell count where the displayed percentage implies 93.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0147582"],"guidePaths":["/care/anatomy","/care/health"]},{"id":"la-reunion-detection-does-not-trace-release","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"source-added","title":"Five molecular detections do not reveal an introduction route","changed":"The health and surplus guides now include the 2025 La Reunion Island field survey while separating occurrence in three samples from aquarium prevalence, clinical disease, parasite origin, transmission and a traced release event.","why":"The study tested 40 Neocaridina davidi at each of three sites on one date and reported five positives representing four microsporidian sequence types. It reported no histology, lesions, clinical signs, survival, experimental transmission, pathogenicity or treatment endpoint, did not test native shrimp for parasites and contains one inconsistent immature subgroup denominator.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.3391/bir.2025.14.2.08"],"guidePaths":["/care/health","/care/quarantine","/care/surplus"]},{"id":"microsporidian-detection-is-not-diagnosis","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"source-added","title":"Four PCR-positive field shrimp do not create a tank diagnosis","changed":"The health guide now includes the first direct microsporidian field report in Neocaridina davidi and separates its one-site molecular detections from aquarium prevalence, visible diagnosis, disease severity, transmission and treatment.","why":"The study screened 75 ethanol-preserved adults from one German stream and one date using PCR on muscle tissue. Four were positive, but only three randomly selected hosts received CO1 confirmation, only two of three E. hepatopenaei-like sequences entered the phylogeny, and the paper reported no histology, lesions, clinical signs, survival, transmission test or treatment comparison.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.3354/dao03681"],"guidePaths":["/care/health","/care/quarantine","/care/surplus"]},{"id":"fourteen-day-fast-is-not-weekly-care","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"source-added","title":"Fourteen days without feed is not a weekly fasting recommendation","changed":"The feeding guide now includes direct adult cellular evidence from a 14-day no-feed experiment and separates oxidative-stress recovery after re-feeding from any claimed husbandry benefit.","why":"The study used isolated 250 mL containers, suppressed algae and removed excrement. ROS-positive cell means rose after 14 days without feed and declined after 7 to 14 days of re-feeding, but the paper did not test a weekly fast, a normal biofilm-rich aquarium, survival, growth, molting, reproduction or a re-feeding schedule. Assay sample mapping is incomplete and MnSOD treatment differences were qualitative.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7399"],"guidePaths":["/care/feeding","/care/anatomy","/care/health"]},{"id":"market-co1-trade-line-boundary","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"source-added","title":"Ten market barcodes do not certify a trade line","changed":"The species guide now includes a direct ornamental-market CO1 study while separating its ten sampled colour entries from species diagnosis, seller-line ancestry, pedigree, purity and inheritance.","why":"The paper reports 98.24 to 99.29 percent identity to one mitochondrial reference and zero distance among its study entries, but it provides no vouchers or new sequence accessions, leaves seller and aquarium clustering unresolved, shows no band for the blue gel lane and conflicts over sample numbering and phylogenetic models. A short maternally inherited fragment from one market cannot authenticate another stock or a global trade label.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240714"],"guidePaths":["/care/species","/care/colours","/care/genetics"]},{"id":"hif-embryo-oxygen-boundary","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"source-added","title":"A gene named for hypoxia is not an aquarium oxygen experiment","changed":"The sexing, breeding and filtration guides now include a direct HIF-1alpha embryo knockdown study while separating its molecular and photographed cleavage outcomes from oxygen exposure, embryo prognosis and hatch timing.","why":"The study assigned dsHIF-1alpha and dsEGFP injections but no dissolved-oxygen treatment, and both groups shared one tank. It did not report female, clutch, embryo, affected-embryo or hatch denominators, directly trace dsRNA into offspring or provide a rescue test. One control sequence and three affected examples cannot establish a frequency, oxygen threshold or viability test.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.4194/trjfas25726"],"guidePaths":["/care/sexing","/care/breeding","/care/filtration"]},{"id":"single-tank-life-cycle-census-reconciliation","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"correction","title":"One life-cycle tank is not a universal 75-day maturity calendar","changed":"A 2013 breeding paper is now structured as bounded descriptive evidence, while its unsupported salinity claim remains excluded from treatment efficacy. The literature census also now counts every documented search decision consistently.","why":"The paper used one breeding tank and one shared cohort of 30 selected healthy offspring, omitted survival and maturity denominators, and conflicts between a graph R squared of 0.3589 and text values of 0.9587 and 0.959. The census correction from 102 matched and 96 unmatched to 105 matched and 93 unmatched recovers three already documented classifications; it does not represent three newly discovered studies.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.3923/ajava.2013.108.115"],"guidePaths":["/care/sexing","/care/growth","/care/breeding","/care/health"]},{"id":"vibrio-hepatopancreas-ahpnd-boundary","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"gap-refined","title":"A hepatopancreas transcriptome is not an AHPND diagnosis","changed":"The screening queue now includes a 2022 injected Vibrio hepatopancreas RNA-seq paper and separates its transcript comparison and AHPND framing from strain virulence, lesions and whole-animal disease outcomes.","why":"The accessible sources report six libraries, 21,464 differentially expressed genes and eight qPCR checks, but do not expose complete challenge units, pooling or sample mapping. They do not establish that the strain carried PirAB toxins or report shrimp survival, clinical signs, bacterial load, clearance or pathology, so the paper stays full text needed and is not counted as an independent replication of the same group's gill experiment.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2021.10.004"],"guidePaths":["/care/health"]},{"id":"vibrio-transcript-disease-boundary","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"gap-refined","title":"A gill transcript response is not a Vibrio disease outcome","changed":"The screening queue now includes the 2022 gill RNA-seq paper cited by the later NdLTL1 study and separates its PBS-versus-bacterial transcript comparison from whole-animal disease and protection outcomes.","why":"The publisher exposes six libraries, 1,358 differentially expressed genes and six qPCR checks, but not complete challenge units, dose, route, pooling, sample mapping or whole-animal outcomes. Survival, bacterial load, clearance, transmission and protection remain unreported in the accessible record, so the paper stays full text needed.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2022.09.049"],"guidePaths":["/care/health"]},{"id":"lectin-agglutination-disease-boundary","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"gap-refined","title":"Bacterial clumping is not demonstrated disease protection","changed":"The screening queue now includes a 2025 L-type lectin paper and separates shrimp challenge-responsive expression from recombinant-protein binding, bacterial agglutination and whole-animal protection.","why":"The accessible sources report increased gill expression after bacterial exposure and calcium-dependent agglutination by recombinant NdLTL1 in vitro, but do not expose complete challenge units or report shrimp survival, bacterial load, clearance or protection after manipulating the lectin. The paper stays full text needed.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110116"],"guidePaths":["/care/health"]},{"id":"cadmium-trehalase-tolerance-boundary","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"gap-refined","title":"Cadmium tolerance in bacteria is not demonstrated shrimp tolerance","changed":"The screening queue now includes a 2024 membrane-bound trehalase paper and identifies which tolerance, transcript and apoptosis outcomes belong to bacteria, shrimp tissue or an unverified whole-animal claim.","why":"The accessible sources describe cadmium-responsive shrimp gill expression, injected gene knockdown, transcriptomics and apoptosis staining, but the reported survival and growth under cadmium came from recombinant Escherichia coli. Complete shrimp exposure units, controls, denominators and whole-animal outcomes remain unavailable, so the paper stays full text needed.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173798"],"guidePaths":["/care/chemical-safety"]},{"id":"copper-transcript-replication-boundary","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"source-added","title":"Three copper transcript papers still do not create a copper test","changed":"The chemical-safety guide includes a reviewed 2018 pooled whole-body transcript experiment, while 2021 cephalothorax and 2022 hepatopancreas RNA-seq papers remain in the screening queue until their complete methods are available.","why":"The reviewed study does not report exposure vessels, independent vessel replication or the time-series concentration, pools three animals and contains a freshwater-versus-28-PSU inconsistency. The two later publisher previews expose six libraries each but not enough methods to resolve tank replication, sample mapping, full analysis or whether the same laboratory used independent animal cohorts. None validates a diagnosis, safe concentration, whole-animal outcome or biomarker panel.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/39/1/PRN-108","https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2020.145098","https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2021.10.029"],"guidePaths":["/care/chemical-safety"]},{"id":"acute-copper-predecessor-identified","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"gap-refined","title":"The inherited copper LC50 now has a source, not a safe-level claim","changed":"The screening trail now identifies the 2014 acute copper-ion and chlorpyrifos paper that supplied the 96-hour LC50 values reused by the 2015 biomarker study.","why":"The public eight-page PDF confirms the source relationship and broad acute design, but its current text extraction drops the decisive numerical table cells and rendered-page access could not be completed. The source stays full text needed, and its values are not promoted into the evidence registry or aquarium guidance.","sourceUrls":["https://www.sciengine.com/doi/pdf/6B7D2EB283AA4B0D8D6C5FDE5D7A1E49","https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.2015.02.047"],"guidePaths":["/care/chemical-safety"]},{"id":"direct-copper-and-imidacloprid-boundaries","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"correction","title":"Direct copper evidence exists, but it is not a safe aquarium ppm","changed":"The chemical-safety guide now includes a five-day copper and chlorpyrifos biomarker series and a 96-hour imidacloprid-formulation experiment, with their taxon, treatment-unit and endpoint limits exposed.","why":"Earlier wording did not disclose the direct historical-name copper paper. Its wild-source animals were not independently confirmed as N. davidi, exposures were nominal and the study did not estimate a no-effect level. The imidacloprid work apparently used one exposure tank per treatment, so animal-level measurements do not create independent treatment replication or validate acetylcholine as an antidote.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.2015.02.047","https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10030391"],"guidePaths":["/care/chemical-safety","/care/behaviour","/care/health"]},{"id":"chlordane-lindane-three-study-sequence","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"source-added","title":"Three related pesticide papers are not three replications","changed":"The chemical-safety guide now separates a juvenile acute and biochemical experiment, a male hormone and appendage experiment, and a female hormone and reproductive experiment from the same author group.","why":"The three papers used distinct cohorts and endpoints, but shared nominal concentrations and closely related methods. Beaker-to-assay mapping, solvent controls and repeated pairwise tests limit the hormone results, while the female reproductive comparison used one shared treatment beaker. The sequence cannot supply a precise effect size, visible diagnosis, mechanism or aquarium threshold.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.1080/10915810490435604","https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.08.063","https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.12.017"],"guidePaths":["/care/chemical-safety"]},{"id":"dprp-transcript-biomarker-boundary","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"source-added","title":"One transcript series does not validate a biomarker panel","changed":"The chemical-safety guide now includes a bilingual dipropyl-phthalate study and separates its selected pooled mRNA changes from protein, immune, survival and disease outcomes.","why":"The full article leaves exposure-vessel replication unresolved, pools whole animals, lacks an acetone-matched control and conflicts over transcript direction between its English abstract and main results. It cannot support a consumer-product diagnosis, aquarium threshold or ready biomarker panel.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.12677/IJE.2013.24007","https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2011.06.021"],"guidePaths":["/care/chemical-safety"]},{"id":"nonylphenol-transcript-boundary","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"source-added","title":"A changed transcript is not automatically a sick shrimp","changed":"The chemical-safety guide now includes a one-day nonylphenol experiment while separating pooled mRNA responses from protein change, functional impairment and whole-animal harm.","why":"The study reported 14 responsive transcripts, but used nominal exposures and pooled whole-animal RNA without reported independent treatment-vessel replication. It also conflicts over five versus six responsive transcripts at 0.01 mg/L and labels the comparator differently between methods and a figure.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-011-0338-4"],"guidePaths":["/care/chemical-safety"]},{"id":"cattail-decomposition-boundary","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"source-added","title":"Faster cattail breakdown is not measured leaf intake","changed":"The habitat, feeding and algae guides now include a 140-day litter microcosm that separated direct shrimp contact from fecal contact and litter-only controls.","why":"Direct-contact buckets lost more litter mass, but mass loss combined grazing, microbial-film removal, fragmentation and disturbance. Treatment contrasts estimated the shares rather than measuring intake, and the study did not measure shrimp growth, condition, molting, reproduction or health. Its reporting also leaves taxon-label, animal-holding and destructive-sampling analysis conflicts.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-018-3573-4"],"guidePaths":["/care/habitat","/care/feeding","/care/algae"]},{"id":"live-feed-colour-boundary","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"source-added","title":"The highest live-feed mean is not a complete-food recommendation","changed":"The feeding and colour guides now include a 40-day Tubifex, Chironomus, Daphnia and Spirulina-pellet comparison while preserving its aquarium replication and reporting conflicts.","why":"Three aquaria represented each feed, but the study used genus-only stock, unmeasured ad-libitum intake, an unidentified pellet control and conflicting colour scales, significance language and discussion. It cannot establish Tubifex as complete, safest or capable of improving inherited grade.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.21107/juvenil.v6i3.31252"],"guidePaths":["/care/feeding","/care/colours","/care/growth"]},{"id":"leaf-litter-endpoints-separated","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"gap-refined","title":"Leaf preference and leaf breakdown are not complete-diet results","changed":"The research map now separates leaf choice, litter decomposition, water chemistry and long-term shrimp outcomes, and adds a direct cattail-decomposition study to the full-text screening queue.","why":"The indexed record exposes a useful contact-versus-feces microcosm design, but complete methods remain unavailable and the study measured one river shrimp population with one cattail litter rather than catappa, alder, dietary adequacy, disease, survival, growth or reproduction.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-018-3573-4","https://doi.org/10.1163/15685403-00003736"],"guidePaths":["/care/habitat","/care/feeding","/care/algae"]},{"id":"leaf-periphyton-water-column-tradeoff","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"source-added","title":"Less leaf periphyton did not mean cleaner water everywhere","changed":"The algae guide now includes a 119-day mesocosm comparison in which shrimp tanks had lower leaf-periphyton chlorophyll and faster Vallisneria growth, but higher water-column chlorophyll, total nitrogen and total phosphorus.","why":"Four mesocosms per treatment separated shrimp presence from a no-shrimp comparison, but one plant species, one shrimp density, naturally varying temperature and mixed endpoints do not create a named-algae clearance rate, stocking formula, nutrient-export claim or restoration instruction.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2019025"],"guidePaths":["/care/algae"]},{"id":"scarb1-yellow-marker-boundary","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"source-added","title":"A yellow-population scarb1 association is not a Sunkist test","changed":"The colour and genetics guides now include the scarb1 split-clutch RNA-interference result and G1593A population association while rejecting use of the SNP to identify a named yellow line.","why":"Only five maternal clutches supplied the functional comparison, later-stage silencing failed and most comparison tests are not named. The table reports 345 of 384 planned genotypes per population without explaining missing calls, and no cross, causation test, individual prediction or independent seller-line validation was run.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15070901"],"guidePaths":["/care/colours","/care/genetics"]},{"id":"named-line-snp-boundary","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"scope-narrowed","title":"A candidate pigment SNP is not a named-line genetic test","changed":"The colour and genetics guides now include the NdBCO-like4 functional experiment while rejecting use of its one associated SNP to identify Blue Dream, Sunkist, Bloody Mary or another seller line.","why":"The strongest functional comparison used five paired maternal clutches under an artificial removed-embryo protocol. The paper also conflicts over synonymous versus missense wording, wild versus transparent labels and genotype totals, so the association cannot establish causation, dominance, pedigree or a cross forecast.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes10030134"],"guidePaths":["/care/colours","/care/genetics"]},{"id":"aquarium-maturity-calendar","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"gap-refined","title":"Two aquarium reports did not create a universal maturity clock","changed":"The sexing, growth and breeding guides now explain why the reviewed aquarium reports do not validate adulthood at 75 days, maturity at 12 weeks, a 15-day incubation or a 27 C optimum.","why":"One report began with one tank per market species label and did not expose reproducible offspring or survival denominators. The other began with selected adults and did not document the F1 hatch, starting denominator or age assignment behind its maturity weeks.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d210609","https://doi.org/10.22267/revip.2071.20"],"guidePaths":["/care/sexing","/care/growth","/care/breeding"]},{"id":"market-epibiont-percentage","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"scope-narrowed","title":"A market-sample percentage is not trade-wide disease prevalence","changed":"The health and quarantine guides retain the reported 156 of 200 organism detections while separating detection from measured harm, disease and treatment need.","why":"The animals came from one seller and shared more than eight aquarium histories. Host and organism confirmation, aquarium clustering, tissue damage, clinical disease and treatment endpoints were not established.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202560902003"],"guidePaths":["/care/health","/care/quarantine"]},{"id":"dry-chilled-transport","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"scope-narrowed","title":"Cold-induced immobility is not a home shipping tip","changed":"The acclimation and transport guidance now presents the four reported target temperatures as an experimental dry-transport comparison, not a home cooling or anaesthesia protocol.","why":"The paper contains conflicting allocation and best-treatment descriptions, no package-temperature trace and no delayed-survival follow-up. Weak response, loss of balance and immobility are experimental endpoints, not normal arrival signs.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.29406/jba.v2i1.1631"],"guidePaths":["/care/acclimation"]},{"id":"microplastic-population-proxies","date":"2026-08-11","kind":"scope-narrowed","title":"Population counts do not directly measure individual growth or fecundity","changed":"The chemical-safety guide now distinguishes aquarium counts by size class from tracked individual growth, gonad output, egg production and fecundity.","why":"The five-month experiment followed changing colony abundance and life-stage classes. It did not follow individual growth trajectories or directly measure gonads and eggs, so slower reproduction and growth remain interpretations of population patterns.","sourceUrls":["https://doi.org/10.1155/are/6618042"],"guidePaths":["/care/chemical-safety","/care/growth"]}],"evidenceDisagreements":[{"id":"temperature-outcomes","title":"Temperature results depend on the outcome being measured","question":"Why can warmer water appear helpful in one study and harmful in another?","dimensions":["endpoint","exposure","life-stage"],"whyItLooksConflicting":"Shorter incubation, altered growth, delayed maturation, suppressed reproduction and changed sex allocation can all be reported as a temperature effect, even though they are not the same outcome.","reconciliation":"The studies can coexist because they used different temperature treatments, durations, life stages and endpoints. A faster process is not automatically a better lifetime outcome, and survival during one protocol does not make every tested temperature equivalent.","unresolved":"The corpus does not establish one universal aquarium optimum, a lifetime safe interval or how commercial lines differ across complete life cycles.","decisionBoundary":"Use temperature as a multi-outcome risk variable. Do not choose a setpoint from the fastest single response, and do not turn a study treatment into a universal care target.","claimIds":["warmer-faster"],"sources":[{"recordId":"tropea-2015-temperature","relationship":"Compares incubation, early growth and reproduction across three assigned temperatures."},{"recordId":"balina-2018-high-temperature","relationship":"Tests prolonged high-temperature exposure, ovarian maturation and recovery after transfer."},{"recordId":"tomas-2021-temperature","relationship":"Compares adult reproductive, pigmentation and spermatophore outcomes across a lower range."},{"recordId":"serezli-2017-temperature-sex-ratio","relationship":"Examines offspring sex ratio, a distinct endpoint that cannot be substituted for growth or survival."}],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"grazing-and-system-nutrients","title":"Grazing on algae is not the same as cleaning an aquarium","question":"How can shrimp reduce attached algae while some system measurements rise?","dimensions":["endpoint","environment","method"],"whyItLooksConflicting":"A reader may treat fewer algal cells, lower leaf-periphyton chlorophyll, faster litter breakdown and higher water-column nutrients as competing verdicts on whether shrimp make a system clean.","reconciliation":"The studies measured different compartments and processes. Consumption or disturbance can reduce algae on a surface while recycling material into feces, dissolved nutrients or suspended production. Local removal is not system export.","unresolved":"The corpus does not provide a home-aquarium cleaning rate, a stocking rule for algae control or a nutrient budget that transfers across tanks.","decisionBoundary":"Describe shrimp as grazers and decomposer-community participants. Do not promise that they remove total waste, replace maintenance or solve an unidentified algae problem.","claimIds":["cleanup-crew"],"sources":[{"recordId":"groendahl-2017-algal-grazing","relationship":"Measures short-term consumption and preference in defined algal flask communities."},{"recordId":"ye-2019-macrophyte-periphyton","relationship":"Separates leaf periphyton, water-column chlorophyll, nutrients and plant growth in outdoor mesocosms."},{"recordId":"kong-2019-cattail-decomposition","relationship":"Separates direct shrimp access and feces contact during litter breakdown in microcosms."}],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"colour-phenotype-and-identity","title":"Visible colour can change without proving inherited identity","question":"Do environmental colour effects conflict with genetic pigmentation findings?","dimensions":["endpoint","environment","method","taxon-identity"],"whyItLooksConflicting":"Background and diet studies show measurable appearance changes, while molecular studies identify pigmentation pathways and market labels imply inherited lines.","reconciliation":"Environmental plasticity and biological pigmentation mechanisms can both be real. A visible phenotype reflects genes, development, environment, measurement and selection history; changing one visible measure does not authenticate ancestry or genetic purity.","unresolved":"The corpus cannot map every named trade line to a validated genotype, predict offspring from seller labels or separate all environmental and inherited contributions from a photograph.","decisionBoundary":"Use appearance to describe the animal in front of you. Use documented pedigrees, controlled crosses and appropriate molecular evidence for inheritance claims; do not substitute a photo, substrate response or single marker.","claimIds":["colour-identity","mixed-colours"],"sources":[{"recordId":"tomas-2020-background","relationship":"Shows that assigned background and shelter conditions can change measured female pigmentation."},{"recordId":"ishiba-2025-environment-colour","relationship":"Tests short environmental colour exposure in a field-origin colony, with important replication and survival limits."},{"recordId":"tomas-2020-diets","relationship":"Shows diet-linked changes in measured colour and biochemical endpoints without establishing inherited grade."},{"recordId":"zhang-2025-scarb1-pigmentation","relationship":"Examines a pigmentation-related gene through expression, RNA interference and population association."},{"recordId":"kusmintarsih-2023-market-co1","relationship":"Tests one short mitochondrial fragment in a small market sample and exposes the limits of colour labels as identity."}],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"feeding-outcomes","title":"A diet result is specific to its formulation and endpoint","question":"Why do feeding studies appear to identify different best foods?","dimensions":["endpoint","life-stage","method","environment"],"whyItLooksConflicting":"Studies report colour, growth, female reproduction, offspring quality or short-term survival under different feeds, and each positive result can be retold as proof of a universally superior food.","reconciliation":"The experiments compare different formulations, controls, rations, life stages and outcome windows. A food that changes one pigment measure is not therefore complete, and a reproductive result cannot be assumed for juveniles or every commercial product.","unresolved":"The corpus does not establish one complete diet, universal portion, feeding frequency or long-term product ranking across lines and colony conditions.","decisionBoundary":"Match any feeding claim to the exact food preparation, comparator, life stage and measured outcome. Treat uneaten-food management and colony observation as separate husbandry decisions.","claimIds":[],"sources":[{"recordId":"tomas-2020-diets","relationship":"Compares defined diets for colour, biochemical and male reproductive endpoints."},{"recordId":"sganga-2020-commercial-diets","relationship":"Compares commercial diets for female reproduction and offspring outcomes."},{"recordId":"luna-vivaldo-2024-live-microalgae-colour","relationship":"Tests live-microalgae supplements for juvenile colour measures alongside a shared base food."},{"recordId":"wijaya-2023-fermented-vegetable-feed","relationship":"Compares one exact fermented-vegetable preparation with major ration and design limits."}],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"chemical-response-and-safe-threshold","title":"A biological response is not automatically a care threshold","question":"Why do chemical studies show responses without yielding one safe aquarium number?","dimensions":["endpoint","exposure","method","taxon-identity"],"whyItLooksConflicting":"Mortality, enzyme activity and transcript abundance may change at different concentrations and times, tempting readers to interpret the lowest observed response or a no-death result as a universal safety line.","reconciliation":"These endpoints answer different questions. Molecular or biochemical responses can occur without measured mortality, while a short no-death observation does not establish chronic safety. Nominal exposure, water chemistry and taxon verification also affect transferability.","unresolved":"The corpus does not establish a universal home-aquarium copper threshold, product-dose rule, antidote or chronic no-effect level for every water chemistry and line.","decisionBoundary":"Do not convert a short laboratory response into a medication dose or safe household concentration. Identify the actual substance and formulation, preserve uncertainty and seek product-specific professional guidance when stakes are high.","claimIds":["copper-absolute"],"sources":[{"recordId":"li-2015-copper-chlorpyrifos","relationship":"Measures five-day mortality observations and muscle biomarkers under nominal sublethal series."},{"recordId":"kim-2018-copper-transcripts","relationship":"Measures pooled whole-body transcript responses under incompletely reported short copper exposures."}],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"id":"taxonomy-name-history","title":"A published species name is evidence context, not permanent identity","question":"Why can older and newer sources use different names for apparently related shrimp?","dimensions":["taxon-identity","method"],"whyItLooksConflicting":"Older field records, morphology-based revisions, mitochondrial barcodes and integrative taxonomic studies may place similar-looking material under different names or lineages.","reconciliation":"Taxonomic conclusions depend on the specimens, characters, loci, reference material and species concept used. Later reassignment changes how an older result should be scoped; it does not erase the observation or transfer it automatically to N. davidi.","unresolved":"The corpus does not resolve every Neocaridina species treatment, authenticate commercial animals from a photograph or make one barcode a universal identity test.","decisionBoundary":"Retain the source taxon exactly as published, report later reassignments separately and narrow care transfer when identity is uncertain. Do not silently modernize a name and inherit all conclusions.","claimIds":["colour-identity"],"sources":[{"recordId":"cai-ng-1999-serrata-revision","relationship":"Reassigns a historically published Neocaridina population using later morphological material."},{"recordId":"shih-2024-japan-neocaridina","relationship":"Combines morphology, COI and geography and shows limits of one barcode or character."},{"recordId":"kusmintarsih-2023-market-co1","relationship":"Illustrates the audit limits of a small market sample and one short mitochondrial fragment."},{"recordId":"zhou-2021-henan-shrimp","relationship":"Compares morphology and molecular partitions across a large regional field survey."}],"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"}],"sourceIntegrityAudit":{"id":"crossref-publication-status-2026-08-12","reviewedAt":"2026-08-12","nextReview":"2026-09-12","source":"Crossref REST API works metadata, including publisher and Retraction Watch update metadata where registered","sourceUrl":"https://www.crossref.org/documentation/retrieve-metadata/retraction-watch/","queryUrl":"https://api.crossref.org/works?query.bibliographic=Neocaridina&rows=1000","method":"A live broad bibliographic query returned 281 Crossref works. 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some DOI agencies and all non-DOI sources require other checks.","A broad bibliographic query can omit a valid DOI because its indexed title or metadata does not contain the search term.","A preprint relationship identifies publication lineage, not independent replication or equivalence between versions."]},"researchAgenda":[{"gapId":"chronic-nitrate","decisionAtStake":"Whether a measured nitrate history can support a long-term intervention boundary rather than a copied universal number.","primaryEndpoint":"Long-term survival and reproductive output, with growth, molting and sublethal condition retained as separate endpoints.","minimumDesign":"Independently replicated nitrate-only concentration treatments spanning multiple life stages, with a prospective duration long enough to include repeated molts and broods and with the aquarium as the treatment unit.","requiredReporting":"Measured nitrate concentration and reporting basis, ammonia and nitrite controls, ions, pH, temperature, oxygen, feed, density, allocation, vessel counts, animal denominators, missingness, uncertainty and all planned endpoints.","participationMode":"controlled-research","communityCanContribute":"Keepers can document measured nitrate histories, methods and colony outcomes to refine realistic exposure ranges and reveal candidate confounders.","communityCannotEstablish":"Unassigned tanks with different maintenance, food, source water and colony histories cannot isolate nitrate or define a no-effect concentration.","closureRule":"The gap narrows only after complete chronic methods and independently replicated nitrate-only outcomes are reviewable; one successful tank or acute test cannot close it.","reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"gapId":"chronic-ammonia-nitrite","decisionAtStake":"Whether measured ammonia or nitrite exposure can support chronic risk boundaries distinct from acute emergency practice.","primaryEndpoint":"Survival, growth and reproduction across chronic exposure, with unionized ammonia calculated from measured chemistry where relevant.","minimumDesign":"Separate replicated ammonia and nitrite treatment series with analytical concentration checks, stable exposure histories, untreated controls, multiple life stages and prospective nonlethal endpoints.","requiredReporting":"Exact analyte and nitrogen basis, total and unionized ammonia context, concentration verification, pH, temperature, oxygen, chloride and major-ion context, renewal, allocation, vessel and animal denominators, exclusions and uncertainty.","participationMode":"specialist-led","communityCanContribute":"Keepers can provide method-labelled incident histories and recovery observations that improve emergency questions and realistic exposure selection.","communityCannotEstablish":"Accidental events lack controlled dose, duration and comparison and must not be used to derive a safe chronic limit.","closureRule":"Complete reviewable chronic methods and replicated analyte-specific results are required. Abstract values, acute mortality and nominal concentrations do not close the gap.","reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"gapId":"dissolved-oxygen","decisionAtStake":"Which oxygen histories require aeration, flow or emergency intervention for a defined life stage and temperature.","primaryEndpoint":"Survival and reproductive completion, with behavior, growth and recovery analyzed separately.","minimumDesign":"Assigned oxygen treatments in independently replicated systems with continuous or sufficiently dense traces, controlled temperature and biomass, multiple life stages and a planned recovery phase.","requiredReporting":"Calibrated oxygen method, complete time series, temperature, pressure or saturation basis, flow, surface exchange, biomass, density, feeding, allocation, vessel denominators, animal denominators and censored outcomes.","participationMode":"controlled-research","communityCanContribute":"Repeated calibrated oxygen traces paired with time-stamped observations can reveal realistic events and help define experimental histories.","communityCannotEstablish":"One spot reading or an animal at the surface cannot diagnose oxygen causation or establish a chronic threshold.","closureRule":"The gap narrows only for the tested temperature, life stage, duration and endpoint after replicated oxygen histories and recovery outcomes are available.","reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"gapId":"filter-turnover","decisionAtStake":"Whether a filter design or measured flow improves animal outcomes instead of merely moving more water.","primaryEndpoint":"Juvenile retention and whole-colony survival, with nitrogen processing, oxygen and intake injury recorded as mechanisms rather than substitutes.","minimumDesign":"Replicated complete-system comparisons that vary one filter or verified flow condition while holding mature media, biomass, feeding, habitat and maintenance constant.","requiredReporting":"Measured in-tank and outlet flow, media and maturity, intake protection, oxygen, nitrogen processing, biomass, feeding, maintenance interventions, independent tanks, life-stage denominators and losses.","participationMode":"controlled-research","communityCanContribute":"Keepers can document actual measured flow, filter configuration, intake protection and observed failures to improve treatment selection.","communityCannotEstablish":"Manufacturer flow ratings and successful individual tanks cannot isolate filter type or create a turnovers-per-hour rule.","closureRule":"Only replicated animal-outcome comparisons with verified hydraulic conditions can support a bounded filter claim.","reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"gapId":"water-parameter-optima","decisionAtStake":"Whether GH, KH, pH or conductivity combinations can be called biological optima rather than occurrence or house operating ranges.","primaryEndpoint":"Multigeneration reproductive output and survival, with growth, molting and offspring condition reported separately.","minimumDesign":"Factorial, independently replicated ion-defined treatments across more than one documented line and life stage, with acclimation separated from chronic exposure.","requiredReporting":"Measured calcium, magnesium and other relevant ions, alkalinity, pH method and time series, conductivity, temperature, nitrogen, source line, allocation, independent tanks, complete reproductive denominators and uncertainty.","participationMode":"specialist-led","communityCanContribute":"Method-labelled source-water and remineralization records can identify common combinations and prevent implausible experimental treatments.","communityCannotEstablish":"A GH, KH, pH or TDS number from unrelated tanks cannot isolate ions, prove causation or reveal an optimum.","closureRule":"The term optimum remains unavailable until factorial long-term biological response surfaces are replicated across documented lines.","reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"gapId":"light-environment","decisionAtStake":"Which light conditions support observable activity and long-term colony outcomes without confusing spectrum, intensity and habitat.","primaryEndpoint":"Long-term survival and reproductive output, with time-resolved behavior, molting and growth as separate endpoints.","minimumDesign":"Replicated intact-aquarium treatments assigning photoperiod, measured animal-level intensity and defined spectrum while holding shelter, plants, algae, feed and temperature constant.","requiredReporting":"Fixture and spectrum, animal-level irradiance or illuminance method, photoperiod, shading, habitat, temperature, feed, allocation, tank denominators, life-stage counts, blinded observation and missingness.","participationMode":"controlled-research","communityCanContribute":"Calibrated light and habitat records with standardized time-of-day observations can refine realistic treatments and behavioral questions.","communityCannotEstablish":"Fixture names, color appearance and short preference observations cannot establish welfare or a universal photoperiod.","closureRule":"A bounded answer requires independently replicated long-term aquarium outcomes with light dimensions measured rather than inferred from labels.","reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"gapId":"botanical-litter-outcomes","decisionAtStake":"Whether an identified leaf preparation provides a reproducible dietary, habitat or health benefit without degrading water conditions.","primaryEndpoint":"Shrimp survival, growth and reproduction, with measured intake, litter mass loss and water chemistry kept distinct.","minimumDesign":"Replicated aquarium comparisons across authenticated plant species and conditioning histories with formulated-food and non-consumption mass-loss controls.","requiredReporting":"Plant identity and source, contamination controls, preparation, dry mass, conditioning, intake method, background feed, water chemistry, removal schedule, tank allocation, animal denominators and adverse outcomes.","participationMode":"community-observation","communityCanContribute":"Standardized feeding observations can reveal preparation methods, refusal, fouling and contrary cases worth controlled testing.","communityCannotEstablish":"A leaf disappearing does not measure ingestion, completeness, disease prevention or safe replacement timing.","closureRule":"The gap narrows separately for each identified preparation and endpoint; no single litter result validates all botanicals.","reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"gapId":"complete-diet-adequacy","decisionAtStake":"Which fully specified food and ration supports the complete colony life cycle rather than one short endpoint.","primaryEndpoint":"Full-life-cycle survival and reproductive output, including offspring performance, with growth, molting and condition reported separately.","minimumDesign":"Independently replicated complete-formulation and dry-matter-ration comparisons across juvenile, adult male, adult female and offspring stages, with intake and leaching measured.","requiredReporting":"Stable formula and lot, proximate and relevant micronutrient composition, physical form, dry ration, intake, leaching, background grazing, water chemistry, allocation, tank and life-stage denominators, adverse outcomes and uncertainty.","participationMode":"specialist-led","communityCanContribute":"Method-labelled feeding-response observations can identify palatability, leftover behavior and practical ration ranges for formal testing.","communityCannotEstablish":"Preference, color change or short survival cannot establish nutritional completeness or a universal pellet count.","closureRule":"Only a fully reported replicated life-cycle formulation study can support adequacy for its tested diet and ration; product-name similarity cannot transfer the result.","reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"gapId":"transfer-rate","decisionAtStake":"Whether a defined transfer method improves delayed post-arrival outcomes for a measured package-to-receiving-water difference.","primaryEndpoint":"Survival and condition through delayed follow-up, with immediate behavior kept as a secondary endpoint.","minimumDesign":"Prospective matched shipments or simulated transport units assigned to clearly defined transfer methods, with package chemistry measured at opening and receiving water standardized.","requiredReporting":"Animal source, package unit, density, transit history, opening temperature, pH, ammonia and conductivity, receiving water, exact transfer trajectory, allocation, package-level denominators, delayed deaths and exclusions.","participationMode":"coordinated-community-study","communityCanContribute":"A shared protocol across independent shipments can contribute if the package is the unit, methods are assigned prospectively and delayed outcomes include every animal.","communityCannotEstablish":"Self-selected acclimation stories without package chemistry, comparison or delayed denominators cannot identify an ideal rate or duration.","closureRule":"The answer remains conditional on package chemistry and receiving-water contrast; no one clock time may be generalized beyond the tested protocol.","reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"gapId":"shipping-package-limits","decisionAtStake":"Which exact packaging, density and weather histories support a bounded shipping release gate.","primaryEndpoint":"Live arrival plus survival and condition through at least seven days, with temperature and bag chemistry treated as exposures.","minimumDesign":"Versioned package trials across independent shipments or validated transport simulations with prospective package comparisons and delayed follow-up.","requiredReporting":"Package version, film and water volume, oxygen method where used, animal source and density, fasting, insulation, heat or cold pack, complete internal temperature trace, duration, carrier events, opening chemistry, receiving protocol and package-level outcomes.","participationMode":"coordinated-community-study","communityCanContribute":"Consenting recipients can return logger, opening-chemistry and delayed-outcome records under one frozen package protocol.","communityCannotEstablish":"A delivered package, carrier scan or immediate live-arrival count alone cannot validate a weather gate or long-term animal outcome.","closureRule":"Each conclusion applies only to the versioned package, density, route and temperature history tested; material packaging changes reopen the gap.","reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"gapId":"named-morph-crosses","decisionAtStake":"What offspring distributions can be expected from documented named-line crosses rather than seller-chart folklore.","primaryEndpoint":"Complete phenotype counts in F1, F2 and backcross generations under a fixed scoring method.","minimumDesign":"Source-separated replicated crosses with documented parents, contamination control, parentage confidence, common rearing and scoring conditions and complete offspring follow-up.","requiredReporting":"Scientific-name claim and identification basis, seller line and source, parent images and grades, cross direction, family and tank structure, mating uncertainty, all eggs, hatches, survivors and scored offspring, scoring method, exclusions and raw phenotype counts.","participationMode":"coordinated-community-study","communityCanContribute":"Experienced breeders can run preregistered family-level crosses with complete records, including ordinary, unexpected and unmarketable offspring.","communityCannotEstablish":"Trade names, selected showcase photos and survivor-only summaries cannot produce inheritance ratios or prove genetic purity.","closureRule":"A result closes only the exact documented cross and scoring method. Replication across independent source populations is required before a line-name generalization.","reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"gapId":"tankmate-recruitment","decisionAtStake":"Whether a named fish and habitat combination retains adults and recruits juveniles across repeated broods.","primaryEndpoint":"Adult retention and juvenile recruitment through multiple broods, with injury and welfare outcomes reported.","minimumDesign":"Replicated shrimp-only and named-fish treatments with standardized habitat, initial animals, feeding and observation, plus prespecified humane stopping rules.","requiredReporting":"Fish species, size, number and source, shrimp source and life stages, tank allocation, shelter and plants, feed, complete adult, egg, hatchling and juvenile denominators, removals, injuries, deaths, missing animals and stopping events.","participationMode":"controlled-research","communityCanContribute":"Standardized coexistence observations can identify candidate species, hiding contexts and adverse events for controlled study design.","communityCannotEstablish":"Seeing adults coexist does not measure hatchling predation, recruitment, welfare or a universally safe tankmate.","closureRule":"A bounded answer applies only to the named fish, size, density and habitat tested and must include both adult and juvenile outcomes.","reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"gapId":"aquarium-lifespan","decisionAtStake":"What hatch-to-death lifespan distribution keepers can use for colony planning without repeating an anecdotal maximum.","primaryEndpoint":"Individual time from known hatch to confirmed death, with censoring and removals retained.","minimumDesign":"Prospective known-hatch cohorts across independent home-like systems with durable individual or family identity, fixed observation schedule and complete cause-neutral survival accounting.","requiredReporting":"Hatch date and family, identity method, sex when distinguishable, system allocation, temperature and care history, transfers, last-seen and confirmed-death rules, censored animals, all losses and time-to-event uncertainty.","participationMode":"coordinated-community-study","communityCanContribute":"A shared long-term protocol across independent colonies can contribute censored individual histories if identity and loss rules are fixed before outcomes.","communityCannotEstablish":"The oldest visible shrimp, purchase-to-death interval or disappearance from a colony cannot establish a hatch-to-death distribution.","closureRule":"Report a distribution with censoring and uncertainty, never one lifespan number; source and system replication limit transfer.","reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"gapId":"treatment-efficacy","decisionAtStake":"Whether a confirmed agent can be treated at a verified exposure while preserving shrimp welfare across life stages.","primaryEndpoint":"Confirmed agent clearance and recurrence, paired with survival, behavior, molting and reproduction safety endpoints.","minimumDesign":"Specialist-confirmed agent trials with untreated and vehicle controls, verified concentration and exposure, independently replicated systems, life-stage safety and prespecified rescue or stopping rules.","requiredReporting":"Agent identification and confirmation method, product and active ingredient, formulation, measured concentration, water chemistry, exposure and withdrawal, allocation, independent units, complete agent and animal denominators, adverse events, recurrence and professional oversight.","participationMode":"specialist-led","communityCanContribute":"Clear images, retained specimens and complete prior-treatment histories can improve agent identification and candidate-study selection through qualified channels.","communityCannotEstablish":"A visual label, disappearance after dosing or survivor report cannot diagnose the agent, establish efficacy or authorize a dose.","closureRule":"A treatment claim requires confirmed-agent efficacy and shrimp safety for the exact formulation and exposure. Another organism, product or concentration does not inherit the result.","reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"gapId":"carrying-capacity","decisionAtStake":"Which measured system outcomes define an operating intervention point instead of a shrimp-per-gallon maximum.","primaryEndpoint":"Multigeneration recruitment, survival and welfare together with resource and waste-processing performance.","minimumDesign":"Long independently replicated complete systems assigned to density or resource treatments with standardized starting cohorts, habitat, feed, mature filtration and maintenance rules.","requiredReporting":"Tank volume and usable habitat, initial and repeated life-stage counts, feed and grazing inputs, oxygen, nitrogen processing, maintenance interventions, removals, reproduction, growth, deaths, density changes, allocation and system-level uncertainty.","participationMode":"controlled-research","communityCanContribute":"Repeated fixed-method life-stage counts and intervention records can improve realistic density trajectories and operational endpoints.","communityCannotEstablish":"One stable-looking tank or current head count cannot reveal capacity, hidden mortality, recruitment or the resource that will fail first.","closureRule":"The result must be an operating envelope for the tested system and outcomes, not a universal maximum multiplied from volume.","reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"gapId":"microplastic-exposure","decisionAtStake":"Whether a defined particle history changes individual health or reproduction at an environmentally and aquarium-relevant exposure.","primaryEndpoint":"Individual growth, fecundity, egg outcomes and survival, with ingestion, egestion, metabolism and microbiome results kept as mechanistic endpoints.","minimumDesign":"Contamination-controlled, independently replicated particle treatments with verified polymer, shape, size and concentration, realistic source histories and suitable particle-free controls.","requiredReporting":"Polymer authentication, particle dimensions and shape, preparation, background contamination, measured water and food exposure, aggregation, ingestion, renewal, animal source, allocation, vessel and animal denominators, direct biological endpoints and uncertainty.","participationMode":"specialist-led","communityCanContribute":"Keepers can document plausible household particle sources and handling histories to improve exposure relevance, without attempting uncontrolled dosing.","communityCannotEstablish":"Visible debris, product presence or one exposed tank cannot identify polymer dose, causal harm or a safe concentration.","closureRule":"Each result remains specific to the verified particle and exposure history. Mechanistic change alone does not close the individual-outcome gap.","reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"}],"researchPortfolio":[{"gapId":"shipping-package-limits","state":"active-bounded-validation","allocationReason":"Versioned test shipments are already part of the operating release gate, so the project can generate package-level evidence without inventing a separate animal exposure.","nextAuthorizedUnit":"Complete the declared P3 test-shipment record for one unchanged package version, including temperature trace, opening chemistry, receiving protocol and seven-day outcomes.","activationTrigger":"A planned non-customer test shipment meets the existing animal source, package, logger, receiving-system and follow-up requirements.","stopDecision":"Pause after the declared matrix is complete, after any material package change, or after an adverse event. Review the bounded result before scheduling another unit.","reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"gapId":"transfer-rate","state":"design-before-recruitment","allocationReason":"The question is common and could change receiving practice, but self-selected acclimation stories would add volume without identifying a better method.","nextAuthorizedUnit":"Draft a prospective package-level protocol with assigned transfer methods, opening chemistry, a standardized receiving system and delayed follow-up.","activationTrigger":"The shipping package has first passed its own release gate and an independent methods reviewer accepts the assignment, unit and welfare plan.","stopDecision":"Stop at protocol review if package chemistry cannot be measured, methods cannot be assigned prospectively or delayed outcomes cannot include every animal.","reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"gapId":"named-morph-crosses","state":"design-before-recruitment","allocationReason":"Documented crosses could replace seller-chart folklore and create a distinctive community contribution, but incomplete showcase offspring would reinforce the same problem.","nextAuthorizedUnit":"Freeze one exact line-pair, cross direction, family structure, contamination controls, image standard and complete F1 and F2 counting plan.","activationTrigger":"At least two source-separated breeders can preserve all offspring denominators and agree to publish ordinary, unexpected and unmarketable outcomes.","stopDecision":"Do not recruit when parent identity, family assignment, contamination control or complete offspring follow-up cannot be maintained.","reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"gapId":"aquarium-lifespan","state":"design-before-recruitment","allocationReason":"A known-hatch cohort can answer a persistent beginner question, but purchase-age anecdotes and oldest-visible-animal reports cannot estimate a lifespan distribution.","nextAuthorizedUnit":"Draft a known-hatch, censoring-aware cohort protocol with durable identity, confirmed-death rules, transfer records and a fixed observation schedule.","activationTrigger":"Multiple independent keepers can begin known-hatch cohorts under the same identity, loss and censoring rules and commit to long-term follow-up.","stopDecision":"Do not open enrollment until loss, removal and last-seen rules are operational; stop adding cohorts if follow-up completeness cannot support time-to-event analysis.","reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"gapId":"botanical-litter-outcomes","state":"monitor-until-trigger","allocationReason":"Existing guidance can already separate identified litter, preparation, intake and water effects. Casual disappearance reports would not establish benefit.","nextAuthorizedUnit":"If triggered, draft one observation protocol for one authenticated plant preparation that records refusal, fouling, apparent contact and contrary cases without claiming efficacy.","activationTrigger":"A recurring keeper question names the same plant, preparation and claimed endpoint, or a new controlled source materially changes the current boundary.","stopDecision":"End the pass after the preparation and endpoint are bounded. Do not expand one result into a general category claim about leaves or botanicals.","reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"gapId":"chronic-nitrate","state":"collaboration-required","allocationReason":"A chronic concentration boundary needs independently replicated nitrate-only exposures across molts and broods, which ordinary tank histories cannot isolate.","nextAuthorizedUnit":"Prepare a methods question for an aquatic toxicology collaborator covering analytical concentration checks, aquarium-level replication and chronic reproductive endpoints.","activationTrigger":"A qualified facility offers independently replicated systems and reviewable nitrate-only methods, or a new complete chronic Neocaridina study appears.","stopDecision":"Stop literature expansion when new records repeat acute mortality or unmeasured household tank associations without changing the chronic inference.","reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"gapId":"chronic-ammonia-nitrite","state":"collaboration-required","allocationReason":"Controlled exposure and analyte-specific chemistry require specialist facilities and welfare oversight; accidental events cannot define a safe limit.","nextAuthorizedUnit":"Seek specialist review of separate ammonia and nitrite designs, reporting basis, analytical verification and rescue boundaries.","activationTrigger":"A qualified laboratory or complete direct chronic study becomes available with analyte-specific methods and independently replicated units.","stopDecision":"Do not convert incidents, nominal concentrations or acute abstracts into additional threshold research or public safe-number claims.","reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"gapId":"dissolved-oxygen","state":"collaboration-required","allocationReason":"Causal oxygen boundaries require assigned and measured histories across temperature and life stage, not surface behavior or one spot measurement.","nextAuthorizedUnit":"Define the smallest reviewable oxygen time-series and recovery design for discussion with an aquatic physiology collaborator.","activationTrigger":"A partner can control oxygen histories, measure continuous exposure and maintain independently replicated aquarium units.","stopDecision":"Stop the pass when candidate evidence lacks exposure traces, independent units or animal outcomes beyond short behavior.","reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"gapId":"filter-turnover","state":"collaboration-required","allocationReason":"Manufacturer ratings and successful single tanks do not isolate filtration, flow, intake protection or mature-media effects.","nextAuthorizedUnit":"Specify a complete-system comparison that varies one verified hydraulic condition while preserving mature media, biomass, habitat and maintenance.","activationTrigger":"A collaborator can supply replicated mature systems, in-tank flow measurement and complete juvenile and adult denominators.","stopDecision":"Do not collect additional equipment-name polls or convert flow ratings into biological turnover recommendations.","reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"gapId":"water-parameter-optima","state":"collaboration-required","allocationReason":"An optimum requires ion-defined factorial response surfaces across documented lines, beyond the chemistry control available in ordinary community tanks.","nextAuthorizedUnit":"Develop an analytical and factorial design question with a water-chemistry and experimental-design specialist.","activationTrigger":"A suitable laboratory can verify ion composition and support replicated multigeneration treatments across documented source lines.","stopDecision":"Stop adding occurrence ranges, seller recipes or GH, KH and TDS surveys that cannot identify ions or estimate an optimum.","reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"gapId":"light-environment","state":"collaboration-required","allocationReason":"Fixture names and short preference observations confound spectrum, intensity, habitat and temperature without resolving long-term outcomes.","nextAuthorizedUnit":"Specify measured animal-level light treatments, habitat controls, blinded observation and long-term colony endpoints for external method review.","activationTrigger":"A partner can measure spectrum and animal-level intensity while maintaining independently replicated intact aquarium treatments.","stopDecision":"Stop collecting fixture-name anecdotes when irradiance, spectrum, habitat or long-term animal denominators are missing.","reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"gapId":"complete-diet-adequacy","state":"collaboration-required","allocationReason":"Full-life-cycle adequacy needs stable formulations, compositional analysis, intake and leaching measurement and specialist nutritional interpretation.","nextAuthorizedUnit":"Prepare a complete-formulation and dry-ration design for review by an aquatic nutrition laboratory without centering a product brand.","activationTrigger":"A partner can disclose or formulate stable diets, verify composition and follow replicated colonies through offspring performance.","stopDecision":"Do not promote preference, pigmentation or short growth trials into completeness claims or accumulate product testimonials as evidence.","reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"gapId":"tankmate-recruitment","state":"collaboration-required","allocationReason":"Adult coexistence is easy to observe but does not measure hatchling predation, recruitment or welfare across repeated broods.","nextAuthorizedUnit":"Develop humane stopping rules and a replicated shrimp-only versus one named fish and habitat comparison for independent welfare review.","activationTrigger":"A qualified partner can provide replicated systems, complete life-stage counts and prospective adverse-event stopping authority.","stopDecision":"Do not solicit uncontrolled fish additions or treat surviving visible adults as evidence of juvenile-safe coexistence.","reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"gapId":"treatment-efficacy","state":"collaboration-required","allocationReason":"Diagnosis, verified exposure, agent clearance and life-stage safety require specialist authority and cannot be crowdsourced through dosing reports.","nextAuthorizedUnit":"Present the evidence gap and minimum design to an aquatic veterinarian, parasitologist or qualified disease laboratory for critique.","activationTrigger":"A specialist can confirm the agent, authorize welfare safeguards and verify concentration in replicated controlled systems.","stopDecision":"Do not recruit treatment trials, recommend a dose or reinterpret unconfirmed disappearance as efficacy. Keep immediate public guidance at identification and system triage.","reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"gapId":"carrying-capacity","state":"collaboration-required","allocationReason":"Short juvenile density studies and single established colonies cannot estimate multigeneration complete-system capacity.","nextAuthorizedUnit":"Specify a long complete-system design with life-stage counts, feed, recruitment, maintenance, nitrogen processing and prespecified welfare endpoints.","activationTrigger":"A long-term collaborator can maintain replicated systems and preserve complete intervention, removal, recruitment and loss records.","stopDecision":"Stop adding shrimp-per-volume rules, snapshots or unreplicated colony maxima that omit resources, age structure and maintenance history.","reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"},{"gapId":"microplastic-exposure","state":"collaboration-required","allocationReason":"Polymer authentication, contamination control and measured particle exposure require analytical facilities; uncontrolled dosing would add risk without interpretable evidence.","nextAuthorizedUnit":"Ask an analytical ecotoxicology collaborator to review realistic source histories, particle verification, contamination blanks and direct individual endpoints.","activationTrigger":"A suitable facility can verify polymer, shape, size and exposure and can run replicated controlled systems with welfare oversight.","stopDecision":"Do not invite household dosing or convert visible debris, product presence or mechanistic biomarkers into a safe or harmful concentration.","reviewedAt":"2026-08-12"}],"authorityWorkAllocation":{"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12","interpretation":"Default capacity targets, not recorded hours, activity results, evidence grades or authority scores.","deliverySequence":[{"order":1,"track":"production","label":"Make the governed knowledge system publicly available","capabilityIds":["production-release"],"entryCondition":"The complete local release, private backup, production schema and rollback identity are verified before deployment.","completionProof":"The canonical routes, portable knowledge files, sitemap, administrator boundary, consent, attribution and unsubscribe checks pass on the active production version.","researchBoundary":"No discretionary literature search is needed to complete this gate. Only a safety or correction trigger may interrupt release verification."},{"order":2,"track":"community","label":"Prove that real keepers can find, understand and use it","capabilityIds":["reader-comprehension","question-coverage","community-use","beginner-retention"],"entryCondition":"The public system is available and each protocol can preserve consent, denominators, missingness and unfavorable outcomes.","completionProof":"Protocol-compliant records show comprehension, honest question coverage, voluntary external reuse and prospective beginner outcomes without treating reach or enrollment as success.","researchBoundary":"Recurring moderated questions may open one named gap. General curiosity, traffic volume and social engagement do not admit new research."},{"order":3,"track":"independent","label":"Earn scrutiny and adoption beyond the publisher","capabilityIds":["independent-method-review","independent-adoption"],"entryCondition":"Frozen review assignments, stable public artifacts and conflict and relationship boundaries are available to unaffiliated reviewers and users.","completionProof":"Qualified independent critiques receive finite public responses, and unaffiliated external decisions leave inspectable adoption receipts.","researchBoundary":"A reviewer may trigger a bounded correction or source-access task. Praise, follower growth and another broad search do not satisfy this gate."}],"workstreams":[{"id":"research-maintenance","label":"Research and maintenance","targetPercent":25,"purpose":"Keep current claims correct, inspect triggered evidence changes and complete only the one active bounded validation.","qualifyingUnit":"A scheduled source-integrity review, a triggered literature pass, a correction propagation review or one unit allowed by the finite research portfolio.","nonQualifyingWork":"Untriggered searching, accumulating sources because a topic is interesting or repeating a search whose stop decision still applies.","weeklyProof":"Name the trigger, affected public decision, exact stopping decision and the guide or gap record that changed or stayed unchanged."},{"id":"teaching-translation","label":"Teaching and translation","targetPercent":35,"purpose":"Turn bounded knowledge into answers that curious, preparing and established keepers can understand and act on.","qualifyingUnit":"A reviewed guide improvement, lesson, claim check, visual, reply or retrieval change tied to one governed source boundary.","nonQualifyingWork":"Publishing volume without a keeper decision, copying claims into an ungoverned registry or simplifying away a material limitation.","weeklyProof":"Name the keeper decision, audience, governed source, format and review receipt for the exact teaching artifact."},{"id":"community-listening","label":"Community listening and service","targetPercent":25,"purpose":"Help real keepers, collect their actual language and identify recurring needs without treating popularity as biological evidence.","qualifyingUnit":"A substantive manual answer, moderated public question, comprehension session, correction response or consented community activity.","nonQualifyingWork":"Automated group posting, follower harvesting, manufactured engagement or counting repeated publisher messages as community use.","weeklyProof":"Record the bounded question or service action, outcome category and any teaching fix or named evidence gap it created."},{"id":"learning-measurement","label":"Learning and outcome measurement","targetPercent":15,"purpose":"Test whether people found, understood, used and returned to the guidance while preserving unfavorable and missing outcomes.","qualifyingUnit":"A protocol-compliant comprehension, question-coverage, beginner-retention, community-use or independent-review record and its finite review.","nonQualifyingWork":"Likes, reach or enrollment treated as learning, excluding unfavorable records or claiming causation from an owned campaign.","weeklyProof":"Record the declared denominator, missingness, outcome category, decision rule and any resulting revision without inventing success."}],"researchAdmissionTriggers":["A current public claim may be materially wrong or unsafe.","A scheduled maintenance or source-integrity review is due.","A new complete source may change a keeper decision.","Recurring moderated questions expose the same unresolved decision.","The finite portfolio authorizes the next unit for its one active validation."]},"literatureCensus":{"reviewedAt":"2026-08-12","nextReview":"2027-02-12","source":"Crossref works metadata","sourceUrl":"https://api.crossref.org/works","taxonTerms":["Neocaridina","Neocaridina davidi","Neocaridina heteropoda","Neocaridina denticulata","Neocardina spelling variant","Neocaradina spelling variant"],"exactQueries":["query.title=Neocaridina; filter=type:journal-article; rows=1000","query.bibliographic=\"Neocaridina davidi\"; filter=type:journal-article; rows=1000","query.bibliographic=\"Neocaridina heteropoda\"; filter=type:journal-article; rows=1000","query.bibliographic=\"Neocaridina denticulata\"; filter=type:journal-article; rows=1000","query.title=Neocaradina; filter=type:journal-article; rows=1000"],"method":"The five result sets were combined, restricted to titles containing Neocaridina or the published Neocardina or Neocaradina spelling variants, and deduplicated by lowercase DOI. DOI values already present in an evidence record, supporting authority, documented search-candidate decision including an exclusion, or priority lead were then classified as matched. A documented exclusion is a screened decision, not supporting evidence.","uniqueTitleMatches":198,"matchedExistingDois":144,"unmatchedDoiLeads":54,"yearRange":"1952 to 2026","validationSource":{"title":"Neocaridina davidi (Bouvier, 1904). A bibliometric analysis","url":"https://doi.org/10.54020/seasv5n2-001","result":"The independent 2024 Scopus analysis reported a 117-record corpus from 1952 through 2021 using current and historical names.","limit":"Its exact Scopus query, search date, screening flow, excluded records and raw export are unavailable, and several published subtotals conflict. It is a directional comparison, not a completeness validation, so 117 and 198 are not interchangeable estimates."},"limits":["Crossref metadata can omit studies, contain indexing errors or return duplicate publication versions.","A title can name another Neocaridina species, a field population or a molecular endpoint with little direct home-aquarium relevance.","The 54 unmatched DOI leads are not 54 verified new studies. Preprints, translations, corrections and duplicate DOI records require screening.","No lead enters the evidence registry until its source identity, full methods, experimental unit, endpoints and nearest unsupported claim are reviewed.","The priority queue can also preserve a relevant non-DOI source found outside Crossref. Such a record does not change the frozen 198-title DOI census.","The August 11 reconciliation corrected the earlier 102-matched and 96-unmatched display. A later record-level rerun found one additional DOI decision already present in a structured search review but omitted during cumulative manual count updates; that bookkeeping correction did not discover or promote a new study."],"priorityLeads":[{"title":"Transcriptome profiles of the hepatopancreas of the Chinese swamp shrimp (Neocaridina denticulata) under different diurnal rhythms","year":2024,"url":"https://doi.org/10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2024.043","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Adds a direct hepatopancreas time-series while separating time-associated RNA from a feeding hour, circadian mechanism, temperature effect, molt prediction or health recommendation.","nextAction":"Intake complete from the official 18-page article and supplement PDF after extracted-text and every-page visual review. Preserve 3,000 market-sourced animals, a printed mean weight of 1.37 +/- 0.28 g, two weeks in recirculating tap water, a reported 12-hour light and 12-hour dark cycle, a natural daily temperature range of approximately 10 to 18 C, feed withheld for at least 48 hours, and destructive sampling at 06:00, 12:00, 18:00 and 24:00. Preserve 60 hepatopancreases per time intended as three tubes of 20, but only ten RNA-seq libraries distributed 2, 3, 3 and 2 across times with two missing intended libraries unexplained. The written pooling method is unclear. The qRT-PCR methods report three groups per time and five biological replicates per group while the figure shows three points per time; only Clk was significant among Clk, Cry, Per and Tim. Preserve that time co-varied with light state, temperature and fasting duration, and that no constant-temperature, shifted-light, constant-darkness, feeding-time, repeated-cycle or time-randomized control isolated a cause. Differential-expression screening used raw p less than 0.05 without a stated false-discovery correction, and the printed 983 total for 12:00 versus 18:00 conflicts with 588 up plus 350 down, which totals 938. The title and methods use N. denticulata while parts of the results and discussion use N. denticulata sinensis, with no host diagnostic method or voucher. Do not infer a best feeding hour, nocturnal feeding rule, endogenous circadian rhythm, light or temperature cause, fasting schedule, molt prediction, improved digestion, immunity, growth or health from pathway annotations."},{"title":"Influences of the diurnal cycle on gut microbiota in the Chinese swamp shrimp (Neocaridina denticulata)","year":2023,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09291016.2022.2106711","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"full-text-needed","communityValue":"Adds a direct four-time gut-microbiota series while separating 16 sequencing samples from 600 source animals, descriptive diversity from a feeding schedule and bacterial genera from disease.","nextAction":"The official Taylor and Francis record authenticates this 13-page article, published online 29 July 2022 in the 2023 issue, but the complete article remains access-controlled. Preserve only the abstract-reported scope: gut material from 600 Chinese swamp shrimp was sampled at 06:00, 12:00, 18:00 and 24:00 for 16S sequencing, with descriptive richness and diversity highest at 24:00, predicted digestion and absorption pathways reported as enriched, and Flavobacterium, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas discussed as opportunistic pathogens. The official CC BY Figshare supplement, https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.20402326, contains two figures and two workbooks. Figure S1 visibly contains four sample points per time and reports no significant pairwise alpha-diversity comparison: Chao1, Shannon, Simpson and observed-species p values all range from 0.13 to 0.83. Figure S2 shows 16 rarefaction curves, four per time. Sixteen visible sequencing samples are not 600 independent microbial replicates, and a descriptively higher midnight value is not a supported time optimum. The open material does not establish how many guts formed each library, independent tank allocation, feeding schedule, light and temperature history, dissection and extraction controls, absolute bacterial load, beta-diversity model, multiplicity, pathway-prediction method or raw-sequence accession. The two official supplemental workbooks were checksum-verified but not audited because the bundled spreadsheet runtime did not initialize. Full text is required to verify source and taxon identity, tank structure, acclimation, animal-to-library construction, primers and region, sequencing, bioinformatics, controls, statistical unit and functional inference. Do not infer an endogenous circadian rhythm, best feeding hour, nocturnal care rule, measured digestion or absorption, infection, virulence, host disease, probiotic need, medication need or absolute bacterial abundance from the abstract or supplement. This DOI was one of the frozen census unmatched title records and is now a documented abstract-and-supplement decision, not evidence or a guide source."},{"title":"Neocaridina davidi (Bouvier, 1904). A bibliometric analysis","year":2024,"url":"https://doi.org/10.54020/seasv5n2-001","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Provides an independent Scopus-era map of Neocaridina publishing while showing why database counts require reproducible queries and record-level reconciliation before they can support completeness claims.","nextAction":"Method review completed from the official open 25-page journal viewer and the publicly indexed author-uploaded article text, with visual checks of the methods, count, country, citation-table and network pages. Preserve a Scopus corpus described as 117 publications from 1952 through 2021, 328 authors, VOSviewer 1.6.16 analysis, searches of titles and abstracts using current and historical names, and a citation snapshot dated 25 March 2024. Do not call 117 a completeness estimate. The article provides no exact Scopus field query or Boolean syntax, search execution date, language and document-type filters, deduplication procedure, reviewer count, screening flow, excluded-record list, raw CSV, thesaurus file or VOSviewer project. The methods print N. denticulata twice and do not print the full Neocaridina denticulata term shown in the abstract. Published arithmetic is internally inconsistent: document types total 107 rather than 117, access categories total 108, listed topic shares total 93 percent, and China is reported as both 43 and 37 publications in different analyses. Country percentages use an unstated denominator larger than 117, likely because coauthored papers contribute multiple country associations, but that counting rule is not explained. The simplified citation table includes at least two works not directly about Neocaridina, including a 2008 Antonie van Leeuwenhoek paper and the 2018 PeerJ whiteleg-shrimp microbiome paper, despite the stated direct-relevance inclusion rule. The PDF lists six authors while the publisher landing-page metadata and suggested citation list five, omitting Luis Manuel Guevara Chumacero. Use this source only as a directional historical and network comparison. It cannot validate the Crossref census, prove that either database is complete, establish that every record concerns N. davidi, rank evidence quality, measure hobby knowledge or support husbandry claims. This DOI was one of the frozen census unmatched titles and is now a documented method-reviewed bibliometric decision, not a biological evidence record or guide source."},{"title":"Cherry Shrimp Neocaridina davidi (Bouvier 1904) (Crustacea: Decopoda: Atyidae)","year":2020,"url":"https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-in1301-2020","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Audits a prominent peer-reviewed extension profile that hobby sites cite for care advice, preserving its useful species orientation while showing that it contains no aquarium parameter table.","nextAction":"Method review completed from the current official three-page UF/IFAS Extension PDF, originally published March 2020 and revised June 2024, after extracted-text review and visual inspection of all pages. Preserve its intended role as a Featured Creatures profile for informed lay and academic audiences; examples of common colour labels; gross external anatomy; direct development; and a secondary overview of introduced records in Poland, Germany, Japan, Israel and Hawaii. The published title prints Decopoda rather than Decapoda. The synonym list contains N. denticulata sinensis and N. heteropoda but is not a complete current taxonomic authority. The trade-name list maps blue dream, blue velvet and blue jelly together and calls rili a striped morph without crosses, pedigrees, genetic tests, seller sampling or stable line definitions. Use those as examples of public labels, not line equivalence or ancestry. The profile contains no recommended aquarium temperature, pH, GH, KH, conductivity, TDS, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, stocking density, tank size, water-change rate, quarantine period or feeding amount. It reports 3 to 4 cm maximum adult length, 16 to 19 days incubation, 43 to 60 eggs, 1 to 2 mm young and sexual maturity around 30 days, but only the clutch sentence cites Pantaleao et al.; the page does not expose denominators or study conditions for the other values. Its miniature-adult wording hides continued post-hatching morphological development documented in the cited primary source. Claims that shrimp eat molts to reabsorb nutrients and help keep water clean are not tied to a measured nutrient-recovery or aquarium-water endpoint. Its alder and goat-willow preference sentence relies on the Schoolmann and Arndt abstract-level paper whose complete methods remain unavailable in this review. The eight selected references are a secondary trail, not evidence that every profile sentence was independently verified. Use the extension source as professional species and no-release orientation only. Do not infer a parameter target, maturity calendar, incubation countdown, adult-size promise, complete food, cleaning capacity, stable morph taxonomy, genetic purity or safe release. This DOI was one of the frozen census unmatched titles and is now a documented method-reviewed secondary-source decision and bounded supporting authority, not a biological experiment."},{"title":"Neocaridina fonticulata, a new land-locked freshwater shrimp from Hengchun Peninsula, Taiwan (Decapoda, Caridea, Atyidae)","year":2019,"url":"https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.817.29332","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Adds a complete genus-level species description that shows why another Neocaridina species is not an aquarium colour morph and why identification may require adult sex-specific anatomy plus molecular comparison.","nextAction":"Intake complete from the official CC BY 13-page ZooKeys PDF after extracted-text review and visual inspection of every page. Preserve the holotype, multiple paratype lots, additional Sheding material and comparative N. ikiensis material; rostrum, pereiopod and male first-and-second-pleopod diagnosis; egg measurements from five eggs on each of four ovigerous females; and four Sheding shrimp sequenced for a 658-base-pair mitochondrial COI segment that yielded one reported haplotype, GenBank LC427866. The smallest reported K2P distances were 5.42 percent to sampled N. ketagalan and 5.43 percent to sampled N. saccam. Preserve the source boundary: N. fonticulata was then known only from one locality, and the prediction that it could occur in eastern Taiwan was not a sampled record. The four-shrimp, one-haplotype mitochondrial result has no nuclear locus, cross, genomic ancestry test or blind identification validation. Several diagnostic structures require an adult male and specialist examination. The collection-site values of about 25 C, pH 7.06 to 7.16 and dissolved oxygen 7.33 to 7.70 mg/L lack temporal replication and assigned comparisons; they are habitat context, not aquarium targets, tolerances or optima. Aquarium-held live-colour photographs were not a care trial. Do not identify N. fonticulata or any commercial morph from colour alone, convert COI distance into a universal barcode cutoff, authenticate a seller line, claim reproductive isolation, map the complete range or infer husbandry requirements. This DOI was one of the frozen census unmatched title records and is now a documented method-reviewed taxonomy decision, evidence record and species-guide source."},{"title":"Neocaridina iriomotensis, a new species of land-locked freshwater shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae) from Iriomote Island, southern Ryukyus, Japan","year":2006,"url":"https://doi.org/10.2988/0006-324X(2006)119[25:NIANSO]2.0.CO;2","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Adds a large morphology-based species description whose seasonal walking-leg difference and unresolved ecomorphs teach why a single visible character, season or photograph cannot establish Neocaridina identity.","nextAction":"Intake complete from the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County hosted seven-page article scan after extracted-text review and visual inspection of every page. Preserve one male holotype, 41 paratypes and 49 non-type specimens from seven collection dates spanning November 1999 through June 2000 at the upper reaches of Nishifunatsuki in the Nakama River. Only specimens above 4 mm carapace length were used for description. Character ratios report varying sample sizes from 73 to 83. Preserve the combination of rostrum, pterygostomian-spine, pereiopod and male pleopod characters used against published N. anhuiensis and topotypic N. ishigakiensis material. The third pereiopod showed sex-associated form in summer specimens but no sexual difference in winter specimens. Egg size was 1.05 to 1.35 by 0.73 to 0.88 mm and the reported clutch range was 21 to 82, but female, clutch and egg denominators were not provided. All listed material came from one named upper-reach locality. The claim that the shrimp was commonly found has no sampling-effort denominator. Proposed headwater ecomorph populations included intermediate rostrum lengths and remained tentative pending molecular and ecological study; this paper conducted no molecular analysis. The habitat description gives channel dimensions, slow flow, vegetation and tree roots but no temperature, pH, hardness, conductivity, dissolved oxygen or nitrogen measurements. Do not identify an aquarium shrimp from colour, one photograph or one season-sensitive appendage; authenticate a seller line; claim genetic separation, reproductive isolation, abundance or complete range; turn the clutch range into a breeding forecast; or infer water targets and care requirements. This DOI was one of the frozen census unmatched title records and is now a documented method-reviewed morphology-taxonomy decision, evidence record and species-guide source."},{"title":"Chromatosomes in Three Phenotypes of Neocaridina denticulata Kemp, 1918: Morphological and Chromatic Differences Measured Non-Invasively","year":2011,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1651/11-3457.1","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"full-text-needed","communityValue":"Could add a direct non-invasive colour-observation method while separating an anatomical imaging site from commercial grade, colour stability and husbandry claims.","nextAction":"The official Oxford Academic record authenticates this eight-page 2011 Journal of Crustacean Biology article and exposes its abstract, but labels the article as access-controlled and the direct PDF request returned HTTP 403. Preserve only the abstract-reported scope: three phenotypes of Neocaridina denticulata under 2 cm differed in epidermal chromatosome quantity and dispersal, pigmentation was most pronounced in anterior body parts, and the uropod exopod was proposed as the most suitable area for non-invasive colour monitoring. Full text is required to verify phenotype names, animal source and identity, animal and holding-unit counts, sex, age, size distribution, molt and reproductive state, acclimation, background, light, camera and microscope settings, body regions, repeated observations, chromatosome counting and dispersal scales, calibration, blinding, statistical model, raw denominators, effect sizes and uncertainty. Do not infer a commercial grade, inheritance or genotype, health state, diet effect, preferred background, colour permanence, seller standard or phone-photo diagnostic. A suggested imaging site is not proof that one photograph measures a stable whole-animal phenotype. This DOI was one of the frozen census unmatched title records and is now a documented abstract-only decision."},{"title":"Microhabitat distribution and behaviour of Branchiobdellidan Holtodrilus truncatus found on the freshwater shrimp Neocaridina spp. from the Sugo River, Japan","year":2014,"url":"https://doi.org/10.2478/s11535-013-0184-3","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Adds direct wild-host body-location, cocoon, detached-persistence and host-exchange observations while separating them from diagnosis, harm, treatment and quarantine-duration claims.","nextAction":"Intake complete from the open six-page German National Library PDF after extracted-text and every-page visual review. Preserve 271 total wild Neocaridina spp. collected across three Sugo River stations from 2003 to 2011; mapped locations on 141 hosts in 2011; 55.3 percent between the first pleopod and fifth pereiopod, 17.0 percent carapace, 15.6 percent eye base, 8.5 percent antennule and 3.6 percent around the egg mass; 23 measured cocoons spanning 0.58 to 0.76 mm; a maximum observed 14 developing worms per cocoon; ten host-removed worms in 100 mL vials surviving 7 to 46 days and three in dishes surviving 12 to 21 days without added food; and all five supplied worms attaching to Neocaridina within three hours in the small host-exchange demonstration. Preserve that hosts were identified only as Neocaridina spp. amid discussed native and imported lineages, the total and mapped denominators are not fully reconciled, station denominators are absent, location-count construction is unclear, two of 15 survival worms are missing from the reported ranges, containers differed, no fed or host-present control and death criterion were stated, and five-worm exchange order, reuse, replication, vessel context and complete 28-host outcomes were omitted. The assertion that infested host eggs hatched healthy young has no denominator or follow-up. Do not turn a maximum 46-day detached-worm observation into a quarantine clock, infer N. davidi prevalence or transmission probability, recommend predator hosts, deliberately deteriorate hosts to collect worms, claim harmlessness or prescribe treatment. This DOI was one of the frozen census unmatched title records and is now a documented decision."},{"title":"First report of the branchiobdellidan Holtodrilus truncatus (Annelida: Clitellata) found on the freshwater atyid shrimp Neocaridina sp. from Korea","year":2016,"url":"https://doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2016.5.3.459","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Adds a vouchered Korean occurrence and the first COI barcode reference for the genus while separating taxonomic detection from prevalence, host harm, trade origin and treatment.","nextAction":"Intake complete from the official four-page Korea Citation Index PDF after extracted-text and every-page visual review. Preserve wild Neocaridina sp. material from one Andeok Valley stream dated 23 June 2010, 23 August 2015 and 18 May 2016; immediate 95 percent ethanol preservation; stereomicroscope removal; transparent terete worms under 2 mm; no trunk appendages; a posterior sucker about the head-region diameter; paired jaws with a 7/7 dental formula; three listed NIBR voucher identifiers; and one whole-worm 674-base-pair mitochondrial COI sequence deposited as GenBank KX683299. Preserve that host and worm counts, per-date allocation, sampling effort and absence checks were not reported; the host remained Neocaridina sp. without a stated voucher or molecular identification; only three NIBR identifiers were printed despite additional Inha University deposition; individual images, morphology, sequence and vouchers were not mapped; and the single sequence was not tested by phylogeny or species delimitation. Immediate preservation prevented live or host-response observation. Do not infer prevalence, continuous persistence, geographic range, N. davidi equivalence, native or introduced origin, aquarium-trade transmission, harmlessness, a phone-image diagnosis, quarantine duration or treatment. This DOI was one of the frozen census unmatched title records and is now a documented decision."},{"title":"Changes in activity rates in the cherry shrimp Neocaridina davidi Bouvier, 1904 (Decapoda: Caridea: Atyidae) in response to concentrations of neuropeptides and glucose","year":2019,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcbiol/ruz059","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"full-text-needed","communityValue":"Adds a direct N. davidi movement-response experiment while separating short chemical-exposure activity counts from hunger, stress, welfare and home feeding advice.","nextAction":"The official Oxford Academic record authenticates this six-page 2019 Journal of Crustacean Biology article and exposes its abstract, but both available browser sessions report no current article access and the direct PDF endpoint returned only an access-challenge HTML page. Preserve only the abstract-reported 20-minute observations in 4-litre tanks after chemicals were applied directly to the water: MSG increased movement and became more stimulatory over time, glucose increased movement with a declining response over time, dopamine reduced movement, insulin reduced activity, insulin plus glucose showed no effect, dopamine plus glucose increased activity and dopamine plus MSG reduced activity. The abstract also says the MSG response was statistically similar to food-pellet filtrate. A related conference abstract describes groups of ten shrimp and supplies concentrations, but it is not the final article and conflicts with the article abstract wording about observations of shrimp individuals. Full text is required to verify animal source, morph and life stage, acclimation, fasting, tank number and volume, animals per tank, whether shrimp or tanks were reused, independent replication, allocation, water chemistry, treatment preparation and achieved exposure, matched vehicle controls, movement definition and coding, observer blinding, time bins, statistical model, multiplicity, raw denominators, effect sizes and uncertainty. Do not dose MSG, glucose, dopamine, insulin or haloperidol in an aquarium; call activity a direct measure of hunger, food seeking, stress or welfare; infer a feeding amount; or treat a brief pharmacological exposure as ordinary husbandry. This DOI was one of the frozen census unmatched title records and is now a documented abstract-only decision."},{"title":"Reproductive Biology of Neocaridina denticulata denticulata and Latreutes planirostris","year":2006,"url":"https://doi.org/10.5657/kfas.2006.39.spc1.198","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Adds direct genus-level brood, egg-volume and seasonal gonad measurements while separating selected wild females from aquarium fecundity and repeated-spawning promises.","nextAction":"Intake complete from the official five-page KoreaScience image PDF after bilingual OCR and every-page visual review. Preserve one wild Korean N. denticulata denticulata population collected by scoop net during 2001, fixation in 5 percent neutral formalin, selection of ovigerous females, 43 brood-count females measuring 5.69 to 7.85 mm carapace length, 47 to 117 eggs with mean 82 +/- 18, five sampled eggs per female for volume, mean egg volume 0.70 mm3, mean reproductive output 41.84 percent, monthly groups of 48 to 60 females for gonadosomatic index, and separate ovarian regressions for 35 non-eyed-stage and 48 eyed-stage females. Preserve that ovarian dry weight was higher in eyed-stage females at a common carapace-length slope, which supports rematuration during embryo development but not an observed second spawning. The paper does not report a taxonomic key or voucher, exact collection dates or effort, water temperature or chemistry, total female source denominator, annual replication, fertilization, egg retention, hatch, juvenile survival or individual repeated broods. Do not transfer a selected wild-population clutch distribution, May gonadosomatic peak or potential consecutive-spawning inference to captive N. davidi, a temperature target, a seller promise or a home-colony forecast. This DOI was one of the frozen census unmatched title records and is now a documented decision."},{"title":"Occurrence of Scutariella worms on Neocaridina davidi shrimp (Bouvier, 1904) in Hungary","year":2023,"url":"https://doi.org/10.56385/magyallorv.2023.06.351-358","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Adds a direct captive-shrimp identification case while separating visible worm morphology from prevalence, harm, transmission and an unsupported fenbendazole recipe.","nextAction":"Intake complete from the open eight-page University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest repository PDF after extracted-text and every-page visual review. Preserve 15 selected diagnostic submissions from different breeders, seven females and eight males, five shrimp in each of three approximately 18-litre holding aquaria, 2 to 8 visible worms on each shrimp head, antennae or rostral region, reported worm length of 0.8 to 2.0 mm, and eggs visible in the branchial chamber. Morphological identification used live stereomicroscopy and light microscopy with paired anterior projections, two eyespots, internal reproductive structures and a posterior horseshoe- or heart-shaped sucker. Preserve that host identity was not independently tested, source counts and clustering were omitted, the number of worms examined was not stated, and no molecular confirmation or voucher was reported. This was a selected case series without untreated controls or respiration, gill-lesion, molt, mortality, transmission, spontaneous-clearance or treatment endpoints. Harm statements came from cited literature. The one-sentence fenbendazole discussion supplied no product, dose, exposure, efficacy, recurrence or host-safety result. Do not infer prevalence, prove source transmission, identify a distant white shape, prescribe fenbendazole or use treatment response as diagnosis. This DOI was one of the frozen census unmatched title records and is now a documented decision."},{"title":"Effects of Thiacloprid on Freshwater Systems Dominated by Neocaridina Denticulate and Physa Fontinalis","year":2024,"url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5024510","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"full-text-needed","communityValue":"Adds a direct 28-day neonicotinoid-system lead while keeping a blocked preprint download, an unresolved taxon spelling and abstract-level NOECs out of aquarium limits.","nextAction":"Crossref authenticates this as a 2024 SSRN preprint by Jilin Wang and Shao-nan Li, and the SSRN abstract reports one indoor-system application series at nominal 0.3, 0.9, 2.8, 8.3 and 25.0 micrograms/L thiacloprid with Neocaridina denticulate and Physa fontinalis. Preserve only the abstract-reported time-weighted-average wet-weight NOEC and LOEC of 0.72 and 2.7 micrograms/L with effects through 21 days, and antibody-corrected free-living chitobiase NOEC and LOEC of 1.79 and 5.49 micrograms/L with effects through 28 days. The abstract also reports stimulation of water fleas, chlorophyll-a and phycocyanin, suppression of selected bacterial functional groups and increased phosphate and ammonium. The 31-page SSRN manuscript download returned HTTP 403, and no separate peer-reviewed publication or lawful repository copy was located. Full text and supplements are required to verify whether the printed N. denticulate name means N. denticulata, animal source and identification, life stage, vessel and animal counts, independent replication, allocation, controls, nominal-versus-measured exposure series, dissipation and time-weighted-average calculation, water chemistry, feeding, endpoint definitions, antibody validation, statistical tests, multiplicity, raw denominators and uncertainty. Do not use a preprint abstract as a thiacloprid care threshold, infer N. davidi equivalence, interpret stimulation as benefit, or transfer results from the related tebufenpyrad and diflubenzuron systems. Crossref classifies this DOI as posted content rather than a journal article, so it does not change the frozen 198-title journal-article census."},{"title":"Effects of tebufenpyrad on freshwater systems dominated by Neocaridina palmata, Physa fontinalis, and Ceratophyllum demersum","year":2022,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135118","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"full-text-needed","communityValue":"Adds a direct N. palmata acaricide-system study while separating abstract-level biomass and chitobiase endpoints from mortality, home exposure and N. davidi safety.","nextAction":"Crossref, PubMed PMID 35643160 and the official Chemosphere record authenticate this CC BY article. Its abstract reports one application in indoor systems containing Neocaridina palmata, Physa fontinalis, Ceratophyllum demersum, Simocephalus vetulus and Dolerocypris sinensis. Preserve only the abstract-reported time-weighted-average wet-weight NOEC and LOEC of 0.67 and 2.33 micrograms/L with a dose-related effect lasting 21 days, and antibody-corrected free chitobiase NOEC and LOEC of 1.41 and at most 5.64 micrograms/L. The abstract reports plant suppression, stimulation of the cladoceran and ostracod, bacterial-community changes and mixed water-chemistry responses. The publisher PDF and text-mining endpoints rejected automated retrieval, while OpenAlex reports no repository full text and Europe PMC reports no PDF or supplement. Full text and supplements are required to verify shrimp identity and stock, acclimation, animal and vessel counts, replication, allocation, exposure concentrations, analytical recovery and dissipation, time-weighted-average calculation, controls, feeding, endpoint definitions and denominators, antibody correction, statistics, multiplicity and uncertainty. Wet weight and free-living chitobiase are population-production proxies, not direct mortality, individual growth or reproduction measurements. Do not convert either NOEC into an aquarium limit, assume N. palmata equals N. davidi, or transfer the result to another pesticide. This DOI was one of the frozen census unmatched title records and is now a documented decision."},{"title":"Effects of diflubenzuron on shrimp (Neocaridina palmata) in freshwater systems dominated by submerged plant (Ceratophyllum demersum)","year":2023,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137567","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"full-text-needed","communityValue":"Adds a direct N. palmata insect-growth-regulator study while preventing a sensitive molting-linked proxy from becoming a tank dose or product rule.","nextAction":"Crossref and the official open-access Chemosphere record authenticate this CC BY article. The indexed abstract reports nominal diflubenzuron treatments of 0, 0.74, 2.222, 6.667, 20 and 60 micrograms/L in 18 indoor systems divided among six groups, with three systems per group, Neocaridina palmata and Ceratophyllum demersum. Preserve only the reported highest NOEC of 0.167 and LOEC of 0.536 micrograms/L based on chitobiase activity or immunoreactive content, plus the statement that a subcellular LOEC was below 0.107 micrograms/L. Indexed full-page text says measured day-zero concentrations were 9 to 41 percent below nominal and half-lives ranged from 2.8 to 4.0 days. A 2026-08-12 retrieval audit found that ScienceDirect required human verification, the official Elsevier API returned only minimized metadata without authorized full text, Crossref confirmed the CC BY version link, and OpenAlex located no repository full text. The complete article and 3 MB supplementary document were not retrieved. Full text and supplements are required to verify shrimp stock identity, acclimation, animals per system, allocation, independence, measured concentration table, time-weighted-average derivation, controls, feeding, water chemistry, endpoint sampling and denominators, antibody validation, statistical model, comparison pairs, multiplicity and uncertainty. Chitobiase is a molting-linked production proxy, not a direct ecdysis-failure count, mortality threshold or N. davidi care target. Do not infer a safe product concentration, a household contamination trigger or equivalence with the related tebufenpyrad or thiacloprid systems. This DOI was one of the frozen census unmatched title records and is now a documented decision."},{"title":"Environmental exposure and ecological risk of perfluorinated substances (PFASs) in the Shaying River Basin, China","year":2023,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139537","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"full-text-needed","communityValue":"Adds a previously missing direct 28-day PFBA and PFBS mortality lead while preventing regulatory species-sensitivity values from becoming aquarium water limits.","nextAction":"The official Chemosphere record, PubMed PMID 37478992 and EPA HERO record 11412305 authenticate a field-occurrence, eight-species toxicity and aquatic-life-criteria study. Indexed publisher tables report Neocaridina denticulata 28-day mortality NOEC values of 0.420 g/L PFBA and 0.070 g/L PFBS, species mean acute values of 7.866 and 0.713 g/L, and acute-to-chronic ratios of 18.73 and 10.19. These are chemical-specific test results, not measurements of ordinary aquarium exposure. The complete article and supplement remain required to verify shrimp source and identity, size and life stage, acclimation, vessel number and volume, animals per vessel, independent replication, allocation, controls, PFAS salt and purity, concentration series, renewal, analytical verification, water chemistry, feeding, mortality checks and definition, censoring, NOEC test and multiplicity, raw denominators, uncertainty and whether each species test was newly run or imported. ScienceDirect presents human verification and no lawful repository manuscript was located in this access pass. Do not convert the NOECs, species mean acute values, acute-to-chronic ratios, predicted no-effect concentrations or aquatic-life criteria into an N. davidi home threshold, product-safety claim, treatment trigger or permission to expose animals. This title does not contain Neocaridina and therefore expands the priority queue without changing the frozen 198-title DOI census."},{"title":"Toxic Effects of Ammonia on the Freshwater Shrimp Neocaridina denticulata","year":2007,"url":"https://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/30064","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"full-text-needed","communityValue":"Identifies the strongest located chronic ammonia lead while preventing an abstract-level maximum acceptable concentration from becoming an aquarium target or intervention threshold.","nextAction":"The official National Taiwan University record identifies a 79-page 2007 Fisheries Science MSc thesis, but its 623.1 KB PDF is restricted and requires authorization. Preserve only what the detailed Chinese abstract reports: acute 24-, 48-, 72- and 96-hour total-ammonia LC50 values of 109.84, 76.60, 53.15 and 37.82 mg N/L for 4.42 +/- 0.28 mm shrimp and 332.95, 266.12, 207.97 and 171.97 mg N/L for 9.22 +/- 0.41 mm shrimp; chronic nominal total-ammonia groups of 0, 0.38, 1.14 and 3.80 mg N/L; poorer growth above 1.14 mg N/L; lower female ovigerous rate, hatchling count and male appendix-masculina index above 1.14 mg N/L; no ovigerous females plus altered feeding and oxygen consumption at 3.80 mg N/L; and an abstract-labeled maximum acceptable concentration of 0.38 to 1.14 mg N/L total ammonia-N and 0.0013 to 0.0038 mg N/L NH3. Full text is required to verify stock identity, taxonomic determination, vessel number and volume, replication, animals per vessel, chronic duration, schedules and endpoint denominators, water pH, temperature and hardness, ammonia preparation and renewal, analytical verification and decay, unionized-ammonia calculation inputs, feed and intake, allocation, mortality and censoring, exact tests, uncertainty and how the maximum acceptable concentration was derived. Do not use the abstract range as a care threshold, assume N. denticulata is interchangeable with aquarium N. davidi, or treat the reported acute values as chronic limits. This non-DOI source expands the priority queue but does not change the frozen 198-title DOI census."},{"title":"Estudos do comportamento do camarão Neocaridina davidi var red quando exposto a diferentes espetros de luz","year":2018,"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/15250","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Adds the closest located intact-animal light-colour comparison while preventing a short location-count signal from becoming a red-light recommendation, blue-light warning or welfare claim.","nextAction":"Intake complete from the open 102-page University of Lisbon dissertation after extracted-text review and visual inspection of the complete methods, results, discussion, conclusion and statistical appendices. Preserve two trials using 15-shrimp groups in four 15-litre aquaria, left-side illumination over one of two black-stone Petri dishes, counts every five minutes, relative lamp spectra and reported lit-dish means ordered red, green, white and blue. Trial one replaced the groups weekly but kept one colour on each aquarium, completely confounding colour with tank. Trial two rotated lamps every five days across four fixed groups, but lamp sequence, washout, carryover handling, model formula, response family and random effects were not reported. Preserve the abstract-method conflict of n = 120 versus 240 in trial one, the English-abstract typo of n = 6 versus 60 in trial two, and the stated 20:00 to 08:00 light period that does not overlap the stated 09:00 to 19:00 observations. Irradiance or illuminance was neither measured nor equalized, the observer was not reported blind, coloured illumination can alter visibility of red shrimp, and no welfare, growth or reproductive endpoint was tested. Do not recommend red light, warn against blue light, infer colour vision, specify a spectrum or photoperiod, or propose a light trap. This non-DOI repository source expands the queue and evidence corpus but does not change the frozen 198-title DOI census."},{"title":"Ageing the unageable: investigating novel methods of ageing crustaceans","year":2020,"url":"https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/79834/","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Directly tests whether bounded-age aquarium cohorts support molecular age estimation while preventing an assumed lifespan, destructive cross-sectional assay or failed research marker from becoming a consumer age test.","nextAction":"Intake complete from the open 214-page University of East Anglia doctoral thesis after extracted-text review and visual inspection of all relevant pages in chapters 2, 4 and 6. Preserve two separate analytical-method studies: a 100-sample global-methylation ELISA comparison at 7, 40, 75 and 120 days after fertilization, and a 151-sample mitochondrial-sequencing study across 7 to 210 days, with 128 empirical samples passing sequencing and mapping quality control and 127 retained after one influential 40-day animal was removed. Preserve 5 to 7 berried mothers per cohort tank, fertilization windows up to eight days, age as a maximum rather than exact value, one selected cohort tank per sampled age, one mother for all egg samples, 50 percent tap plus 50 percent reverse-osmosis water, 22 to 24 C and ad libitum fish wafers. The ELISA conclusion depended on recalibration after only 30 of 100 raw readings fell within the supplied standard curves and before-recalibration inter-plate variation was 61.7 percent. The mitochondrial analysis found no age-group difference across approximately 6 kb after outlier removal, but only 5 of 9 sampled 210-day animals passed quality control, probable nuclear mitochondrial copies affected approximately 9.5 kb and technical replicate counts agreed 71 percent of the time. Do not infer a 13-month lifespan, hatch-to-death survival, exact age from appearance, a commercial age test, oxidative-damage diagnosis, inheritance pattern or named-line marker. The approximate lifespan was cited from another source, not measured. This non-DOI repository source expands the queue and evidence corpus but does not change the frozen 198-title DOI census."},{"title":"Females weigh more: evaluation of Neocaridina davidi growth and use of the alternative food Biomphalaria glabrata snail","year":2023,"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11449/252406","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Directly tests a tempting pest-to-food reuse claim while separating one short growth comparison from nutritional completeness, food safety and responsible snail control.","nextAction":"Intake complete from the open 21-page UNESP repository PDF after extracted-text and every-page visual review. Preserve 42 one-week-old juveniles randomized individually across pellet-only, Biomphalaria glabrata mantle-only and equal-offering groups, excess daily feeding, 56 days, 600 mL beakers, Java moss, daily partial water changes and periodic biofilm removal. The analysis detected no feeding-treatment main effect on mass gain, but this was not an equivalence or noninferiority design and intake, leftovers, leaching, feed conversion and snail composition were not measured. Preserve that the snails were raised on the comparator pellet, 42 starters became 40 analyzed shrimp despite reported 100 percent survival, abstract and results swap the snail-only and mixed sex counts, one mixed-female table value is impossible relative to final mass and the plot, and no diet-by-sex interaction, power calculation or raw data was reported. Snail identity and infection status were not verified. Do not infer a complete diet, formulated-feed replacement, safe carcass reuse, humane preparation method, pathogen safety or infestation-control recommendation. This non-DOI repository source expands the queue and evidence corpus but does not change the frozen 198-title DOI census."},{"title":"Autophagy and apoptosis in starved and re-fed Neocaridina davidi (Crustacea, Malacostraca) midgut","year":2019,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2018-0104","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Adds direct adult midgut evidence while separating tissue responses to prolonged food deprivation from a fasting schedule, survival threshold, re-feeding recipe, visible diagnosis and health benefit.","nextAction":"Intake complete from the lawful 39-page university-repository accepted manuscript after extracted-text and every-page visual review. Preserve individually isolated 250 mL containers, algae suppression, daily excrement and exuviae removal, 7-, 14- and 21-day deprivation groups, 4-, 7- and 14-day re-feeding observations, TEM and three confocal methods. Preserve that non-starved controls came from the authors 2016 paper rather than a concurrent group, so this linked research sequence is not independent replication. Most 21-day animals reportedly died without counts, timing or survival analysis, while Table 1 still lists ten TEM specimens for each post-21-day re-feeding row. Table 1 animal counts conflict with n = 5 in Tables 2 and 3, animal-to-cell mapping is unresolved, comparison pairs and multiplicity are unspecified, and Table 3 contains impossible zero means with positive standard deviations for nonnegative percentages. Food amount, frequency and intake during re-feeding were not reported. No supplement or underlying dataset was located. Do not infer a routine fast, safe missed-feeding duration, recovery ration, biofilm adequacy, visible diagnosis, whole-animal recovery or health benefit."},{"title":"Locomotor behavior of Neocaridina palmata: a study with leachates from UV-weathered microplastics","year":2021,"url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12442","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Adds direct N. palmata behaviour evidence while separating a bacterial leachate response from particle exposure, a consistent shrimp locomotor effect, overall harm and household-plastic safety.","nextAction":"Intake complete from the open 23-page article and official six-page supplementary DOCX. Preserve four separate material-by-weathering experiments, five concentrations, eight one-shrimp vessels per concentration, 14-day repeated observations, particle-filtered extracts and a separate three-run bacterial assay. Preserve that duplicate 24-hour leachates were combined into one 5000-fold concentrated extract per material and weathering condition, so the shrimp vessels did not independently replicate chemical preparation. The source-plastic-equivalent unit is not a measured compound concentration, particle density or aquarium dose. The two locomotor endpoints had high individual variation, few isolated differences and no consistent concentration-response. Do not infer safety, absence of harm, a named chemical culprit, natural-weathering equivalence, N. davidi response or a rule for recycled, biodegradable or household plastics. The sodium-chloride control was lethally high and excluded from the 896-trajectory analysis. The study did not measure growth, reproduction, histology or chronic aquarium exposure. Four official raw XLSX workbooks exist but were not audited in this intake because the required workbook runtime was unavailable."},{"title":"Postembryonic development and differentiation of the midgut in the freshwater shrimp Neocaridina davidi (Crustacea, Malacostraca, Decapoda) larvae","year":2021,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.21281","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"full-text-needed","communityValue":"Could improve the anatomy and early-development map, but the abstract and public peer-review history cannot resolve the final staging definitions, microscopy units, denominators or statistical analysis needed for care guidance.","nextAction":"Keep full text needed after checking the official publisher record, PubMed PMID 33074574, institutional pages, scholarly indexes and all six public peer-review artifacts. The reviews authenticate a detailed ultrastructural study comparing zoea I and zoea III with microtomography, light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, histochemistry, phosphohistone H3 labeling and a TUNEL apoptosis assay. The author response says zoea I were non-feeding and lecithotrophic while zoea III were feeding, but it does not expose the final spawning and hatching definitions, specimen counts, allocation across methods, independent microscopy units, field selection, TUNEL controls, denominators, comparison pairs or statistical results. Reviewers required correction of a duplicated image, R-cell versus E-cell terminology, cell labels, table headlines, histochemical interpretation and apoptosis-versus-necrosis wording. The response also says endocrine-cell identity could not be established because peptide-appropriate histochemistry was not performed. These revisions improve the audit trail but do not substitute for the final 18-page article, supplements or data. Do not use the abstract or reviews to overturn direct-development descriptions, define a home feeding stage, diagnose midgut health, infer probiotic effects, predict molt timing or establish maturity. Retrieve and audit the complete article, supplements and underlying image or measurement data through lawful library access or a corresponding-author request."},{"title":"Particle shape does not affect ingestion and egestion of microplastics by the freshwater shrimp Neocaridina palmata","year":2021,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15068-x","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Adds direct particle-ingestion and short egestion observations while separating particle recovery from toxicity, clearance, tissue transfer, shape causation and a household-plastic safety claim.","nextAction":"Intake complete from the open nine-page article and official five-page supplementary DOCX. Preserve one independent run, eight one-shrimp 500 mL vessels per treatment, 24-hour exposures, seven to eight surviving replicates, a separate food comparison and separate immediate versus four-hour groups. Preserve that the supplement contains group means and standard deviations rather than animal-level data; its only actual-concentration example delivered 13 plus or minus 3 fragments versus 10 nominal per vessel; immediate and four-hour particle means came from different highly variable animals; bead and fragment shape comparisons also changed polymer, size distribution, suspension preparation and detection; fragments at or below 5 micrometres were omitted; and post-hoc Grubb outlier identities and corrected results were not disclosed. The study supports concentration-associated recovery in rinsed whole-shrimp lysates, recovery of particles in excretions and no detected food effect under this protocol. Do not infer complete clearance, a precise egestion fraction, gut-to-tissue transfer, shape independence, selective feeding, chronic harm, absence of harm, a safe aquarium concentration or that an unnamed household plastic caused exposure. Three deaths in different treatments were not a survival experiment or a demonstrated particle-toxicity mechanism. The purchased White Pearl N. palmata identity was not independently diagnosed, and N. palmata results are not automatically N. davidi results."},{"title":"First record and DNA barcodes of the aquarium shrimp, Neocaridina davidi, in Central Europe from thermally polluted River Oder canal, Poland","year":2018,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2018004","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Adds a strongly identified repeated field occurrence while separating a heated-canal record from cold tolerance, establishment certainty, density, aquarium origin and environmental-impact claims.","nextAction":"Intake complete from the full five-page open article and official metadata. Preserve 15 field animals collected qualitatively from submerged vegetation in July 2003, November 2013 and June 2017; only the 2017 sample had a reported one-square-metre area and approximately 15-minute effort. Preserve six amateur-aquarium comparators, 21 morphologically examined animals, one ovigerous field female from 2013, 13 newly generated 610-base-pair COI sequences, seven field and six aquarium accessions, and one shared haplotype across those new sequences. Also preserve the heated 4.5-km canal, reported 27 to 29 C June-July temperature and 15 C November temperature, formaldehyde preservation of the 2003 sample, absence of winter temperature or sampling, and the authors explicit alternative of repeated yearly introductions. Three positive years spanning more than a decade support repeated occurrence and possible persistence, not a measured continuous population, direct observation of reproduction, cold tolerance, winter survival, abundance estimate or release trace. One shared mitochondrial haplotype does not identify the aquarium source, seller, release event, nuclear ancestry or direction of transfer. Do not convert secondary discussion values into a 27 to 28 C breeding optimum, interpret low qualitative catch as density, claim no ecological effect from no detected threat, or treat a thermally polluted canal as evidence that outdoor release is safe."},{"title":"The population dynamics of some freshwater carideans (Crustacea: Decapoda) in Hong Kong, with special reference to Neocaridina serrata (Atyidae)","year":1985,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00032135","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Exposes a historical-name false positive and prevents field correlations, inferred lifespan, maturity timing and clutch results from a Caridina population becoming Neocaridina care rules.","nextAction":"Taxonomic screening complete from the official 1985 publisher record and the complete 1999 revision at https://doi.org/10.1080/002229399299789. Dudgeon reported a 15-month Lam Tsuen River field study under the name Neocaridina serrata, but Cai and Ng later examined Lam Tsuen material, including later Dudgeon-collected lots, and identified that population as Caridina cantonensis. They also explained that neither C. cantonensis nor C. serrata belongs in Neocaridina because the diagnostic male first pleopod condition differs. The population article remains subscription-only, so its sampling gear, dates, effort, animal counts, cohort model, exact tests and uncertainty were not audited from complete text. That access gap does not restore Neocaridina relevance after the specimen-based taxonomic revision. Do not transfer its seasonal abundance correlations, above-20-C ovigerous observation, presumed fourteenth molt, approximately 12-month inferred maximum longevity, seventh-month reproduction or clutch-size result to N. davidi, captive aquaria, a temperature optimum or a universal calendar. Keep the original title searchable, classify the census hit as a method-reviewed taxonomic exclusion and cite the later revision when explaining the correction."},{"title":"De novo assembly transcriptome analysis reveals the genes associated with body color formation in the freshwater ornamental shrimps Neocaridina denticulate sinensis","year":2022,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2021.145929","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"full-text-needed","communityValue":"Adds a public nine-library red, blue and chocolate cephalothorax transcriptome while separating expression associations and mined SSRs from inherited colour genes, named trade lines and breeding forecasts.","nextAction":"Complete methods and supplements are still required through a library or author request. PubMed and official Elsevier metadata authenticate the closed article. The publisher abstract and preview report 1.5 to 2 cm adults from one Xiamen supplier; red, blue and chocolate phenotypes selected from forward-cross and backcross progeny and then bred within phenotype for five generations; nine cephalothorax cDNA libraries, three per phenotype; Illumina HiSeq 4000 sequencing; 75,022 assembled unigenes; 829, 554 and 3,194 differentially expressed unigenes in the three pairwise comparisons; and 6,328 mined SSRs. Official ENA project PRJNA382065 independently confirms nine PolyA paired-end runs, sample aliases RD_1 to RD_3, BL_1 to BL_3 and CH_1 to CH_3, adult cephalothorax metadata, a 2018-12-25 collection date and Xiamen location. The archive does not state the shrimp count or pooling behind each library, sex, family and parental contribution, tank allocation or independence, and the accessible article preview does not expose the complete culture conditions, phenotype measurement, RNA sampling, differential-expression thresholds, multiplicity handling, qPCR validation units or supplements. Nine libraries are not automatically nine animals or nine independent tanks. The phenotype labels are not evidence for Blue Dream, Bloody Mary, Sunkist, Chocolate or another named seller line. Pairwise expression differences in mixed cephalothorax tissue do not establish causal DNA variants, dominance, segregation, inheritance, a cross outcome or a breeding target. The 6,328 SSR sequences are mined candidates, not validated polymorphic markers or consumer line tests. Retrieve the complete article and supplements before evidence intake, establish the experimental and family units, and determine whether PRJNA382065 contains any reused 2018 skin libraries outside the nine-study subset before combining datasets."},{"title":"Identification of Functional SSR Markers in Freshwater Ornamental Shrimps Neocaridina denticulata Using Transcriptome Sequencing","year":2020,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-020-09979-y","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Adds five transcriptome-derived SSR loci from super red, chocolate and reciprocal-cross breeding material while separating sampled genotype-frequency differences from a universal colour-purity or trade-line test.","nextAction":"Intake complete from the full article, official Springer record and all eleven official supplementary files. Preserve one apparent pooled HiSeq 2000 library per young super red and chocolate phenotype, 105,892 assembled unigenes, 25,355 mined SSRs, 26 selected candidates, 16 feasible amplicons and five reported polymorphic loci. Supplementary Figure S4 adds the largest eight females and males from each source strain and three families per pure or reciprocal cross group. Also preserve that the stated 50 offspring per group conflicts with Table 6 hybrid frequencies in exact eighths; no individual genotype data, missing-call denominator, family allocation, standardized colour phenotype, parent-offspring segregation, linkage, independent validation population or family-aware analysis is supplied. The article and supplements do not derive the claimed 4.31 percent single-marker or 0.0018 percent combined-marker misrecognition rates, and no held-out classifier test measured them. One pooled expression library per phenotype is not replicated differential-expression evidence. Treat the five loci as marker-development candidates within the sampled Larmax material, not causal colour genes, a purity certificate, a diversity diagnosis, a named-line genotype, a dominance chart or a cross forecast. Super red in this paper is not evidence for Painted Fire Red, Bloody Mary or any other modern seller label."},{"title":"Arsenic metabolism in a freshwater food chain: Blue-green alga (Nostoc sp.) to shrimp (Neocaridina denticulata) to carp (Cyprinus carpio)","year":1993,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590070705","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"full-text-needed","communityValue":"Could add a second direct Neocaridina arsenate experiment while separating waterborne survival and accumulation from dietary transfer, methylation, nitrogen effects and aquarium safety.","nextAction":"Complete methods are required through a library or author request. Crossref publisher metadata and abstract plus the EPA HERO record authenticate a Nostoc to Neocaridina denticulata to carp sequence, survival below reported 1000, 2 and 60 mg As(V) per cubic decimetre for the three organisms, a nitrogen-associated change in Nostoc accumulation, waterborne arsenate accumulation and partial methylation, carp gut distribution, and lower total accumulation with a higher methylated fraction across dietary trophic steps. The accessible abstract distinguishes route-dependent arsenic profiles: monomethylarsenic predominated in carp gut after aqueous accumulation, while food-chain transfer produced no or only trace monomethylarsenic in the three organisms. It does not expose survival duration or definition, animal count, organism source and identity, size or sex, acclimation, vessels, replication, allocation, controls, nitrogen levels, water chemistry, renewal, measured exposure, mortality schedule, tissue and whole-body allocation, feeding duration, food biomass, consumed ration, depuration, extraction, arsenic-speciation recovery, statistics or uncertainty. This is a distinct paper from the 1992 and 1994 food-chain publications but shares authors and program logic, so it is not independent laboratory replication. Do not treat survived below 2 mg/L As(V) as a safe or chronic limit, combine aqueous and dietary routes, equate methylation with detoxification, infer universal biodilution, recommend Nostoc or contaminated biomass as food, or claim that nitrogen addition controls aquarium arsenic. Retrieve all ten pages and any supplement before evidence intake."},{"title":"Biomethylation and biotransformation of arsenic in a freshwater food chain: Green alga (Chlorella vulgaris) to shrimp (Neocaridina denticulata) to killifish (Oryzias latipes)","year":1994,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590080407","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"full-text-needed","communityValue":"Could add direct arsenic-species tolerance, aqueous accumulation, depuration and experimental food-chain evidence while separating LC50, biotransformation and biodilution from aquarium safety claims.","nextAction":"Complete methods are required through a library or author request. Crossref publisher metadata and abstract plus the EPA HERO record authenticate naturally collected Neocaridina denticulata, disodium arsenate, methylarsonic acid, dimethylarsinic acid and arsenobetaine comparisons, abstract LC50 values of 1.5, 10, 40 and 150 micrograms As per millilitre, selected aqueous accumulation exposures, transfer to arsenic-free medium, excretion and a Chlorella to shrimp to killifish food-chain sequence. The accessible records do not expose LC50 duration, animal count, source locality, taxon verification, size or sex, acclimation, water chemistry, vessel, replication, allocation, renewal, analytical concentration verification, mortality schedule, concentration-response model, arsenic extraction and speciation recovery, feeding duration, food biomass, consumed ration, depuration duration, excrement collection, controls, statistical units or uncertainty. Do not convert LC50 mortality medians into safe concentrations, treat total arsenic as interchangeable with chemical species, assume methylation means detoxification, infer universal biomagnification or biodilution, use the food-chain result as a feeding recommendation, or claim that transfer to clean water guarantees complete recovery. Retrieve all nine pages and any supplement before evidence intake."},{"title":"Neocaridina denticulata: A Decapod Crustacean Model for Functional Genomics","year":2015,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icv050","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Preserves the historical model-organism recommendation while preventing its secondary pH, temperature, maturity, molt, egg and disease-resistance statements from becoming universal care rules.","nextAction":"Review complete from the full seven-page policy paper and official Oxford metadata. Preserve that it arose from a symposium workshop, compared Neocaridina denticulata with two crayfish candidates, reported no new animals or analyses, used no systematic search or risk-of-bias method, and made a recommendation from selected earlier publications. Treat the preliminary genome as incomplete because a complete genome was an explicit next step. Treat proposed transgenesis, reporter expression, mutant screening and targeted gene control as future possibilities at publication, not demonstrated methods. Trace the pH 6.5 to 8.0, temperature up to 30 C, preferred 22 to 25 C and pH 7.0 to 7.5, 15 to 16 day intermolt, 20 to 30 egg, approximately 30 day hatch and 4 to 6 month maturity summaries to their primary sources before reuse. Do not infer a universal care range, breeding clock, stocking density, genome-completeness figure, consumer genetic tool or general resistance to bacterial infection."},{"title":"Rapid Change of Microbiota Diversity in the Gut but Not the Hepatopancreas During Gonadal Development of the New Shrimp Model Neocaridina denticulata","year":2015,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-015-9662-8","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Separates an ovarian-stage-associated 16S profile from causation, probiotic benefit, fertility improvement, disease diagnosis and a Coxiella species claim.","nextAction":"Intake complete from the full author-uploaded article and official metadata. Preserve nine adult females, three per visually assigned ovarian stage; three linked tissues per female; two days of starvation; 27 individually sequenced libraries; technical PCR triplicates pooled within libraries; 97 percent OTUs; low 0.5 taxonomic confidence; relative read abundance; and public SRA accession SRR1735538. Also preserve the cross-sectional design, unclear stage and egg-carrying boundary, within-female tissue dependence, underspecified t tests, no multiplicity correction or formal beta-diversity group test, no reported contamination controls and no absolute bacterial load, isolate, function, intervention, fertility, hatch, survival or disease outcome. Do not infer that microbes cause ovarian maturation, that changing tank bacteria improves breeding, that the Coxiella-type OTU is a probiotic or pathogen, or that it identifies Coxiella burnetii."},{"title":"Identification of putative ecdysteroid and juvenile hormone pathway genes in the shrimp Neocaridina denticulata","year":2015,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.07.018","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Adds a foundational hormone-pathway gene catalogue while separating candidate sequence homology from hormone measurement, demonstrated gene function, molt treatment and breeding intervention.","nextAction":"Intake complete from the full author-uploaded article and official publisher, PubMed and institutional metadata. Preserve draft-genome TBLASTN, reciprocal BLASTX, domain and Bayesian phylogenetic checks; selected cloned partial transcripts; public GenBank accessions; and a semiquantitative JHAMT gel with three reported individual samples per group. Also preserve the one-animal draft-genome origin, unspecified RNA-stock identity and culture history, missing sex, age and molt-stage detail, inaccessible supplementary alignments and primers, absent shade hit, no hormone concentration or protein and no live-animal manipulation or outcome. Do not infer a hormone supplement, molt diagnosis, breeding treatment, mineral rule, commercial-line marker or consumer test."},{"title":"Long-Term Exposure of the Red Cherry Shrimp Neocaridina Davidi to Diclofenac: Impact on Survival, Growth, and Reproductive Potential","year":2022,"url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4214381","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Resolves a high-ranked census lead as a preprint duplicate of the published 2023 diclofenac experiment rather than independent replication or a new evidence record.","nextAction":"Duplicate intake complete from the nineteen-page CC BY Research Square preprint and the published article identity. Preserve 22 aquaria per treatment, measured means of 0.0075, 0.1320 and 1.0730 mg/L, the nonzero control, first eggs partly developed before exposure, survivor-conditioned later endpoints, non-significant among-treatment hatchling counts and the small second-spawn abnormality samples. Do not count the SSRN or Research Square posting as an independent experiment, replication, trace threshold, household medication limit or aquarium treatment."},{"title":"A type I crustin with an inhibitory effect on proteases and strong binding capacity to chitin from Neocaridina denticulata sinensis","year":2025,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cirep.2025.200226","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Separates an antimicrobial-peptide family name, tissue expression and recombinant-protein assays from demonstrated disease resistance, shrimp treatment or chitin-supplement benefit.","nextAction":"Intake complete from the official Europe PMC full text, all eleven article figures, supplementary text and supplementary figures. Preserve three healthy individuals for the ten-tissue qPCR comparison, unclear ovary and testis sampling allocation, market stock without voucher or diagnostic identity confirmation, commonly reported n = 3 with incomplete biological-versus-technical mapping, no significant inhibition of Bacillus subtilis or Vibrio parahaemolyticus growth, selected in vitro protease inhibition, qualitative chitin and chitosan binding without an unrelated-protein control, and purified-protein 30 to 100 C pretreatment. No living-shrimp bacterial challenge, NdCrus1 manipulation, survival, pathogen-load, clearance or protection outcome was measured. Do not infer disease resistance, diagnosis, treatment, a feed or supplement, a molting aid, or an aquarium temperature rule."},{"title":"Examining the Adaptive significance of colour change in the freshwater shrimp Neocaridina davidi","year":2025,"url":"https://doi.org/10.51094/jxiv.1804","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Separates a short background-associated RGB response from inherited colour, commercial grade, health and demonstrated camouflage benefit.","nextAction":"Intake complete after official preprint PDF, extracted text and all seventeen rendered-page review. The registry preserves 32 males and 32 females, seven days in white followed by seven assigned days in red, blue, green or white, no feed for all 14 days, survivor-only RGB ratios, a significant among-channel difference only in blue, about 56 percent survival in white, five barcoded colony representatives, unclear vessel allocation and replication, and unreported water chemistry, molt state and mortality timing. Do not convert matching-channel trends into inherited colour, grade enhancement, an optimal substrate, improved health, predator detection or a camouflage survival benefit."},{"title":"Relationship between ROS production, MnSOD activation and periods of fasting and re-feeding in freshwater shrimp Neocaridina davidi","year":2019,"url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7399","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Directly tests cell-level oxidative-stress responses after prolonged feed deprivation while showing why a starvation experiment is not a routine weekly-fast recommendation.","nextAction":"Intake complete after official full-PDF, extracted-text and all nineteen rendered-page review. The registry preserves one 14-day deprivation followed by 4, 7 or 14 days of re-feeding, individually isolated 250 mL containers, deliberate algae suppression, daily excrement removal, reported ROS-positive cell means, qualitative MnSOD imaging, incomplete mapping between 24 animals and 5 to 6 duplicate assay samples, unreported allocation and blinding, omitted sex and ambiguous comparison-letter reporting. Do not convert cellular oxidative-stress markers into a survival benefit, weekly fasting schedule, missed-feeding danger, proof of adequate biofilm or a re-feeding recipe."},{"title":"Effects of Dietary Manganese Supplementation on Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in the Shrimp (Neocaridina heteropoda)","year":2010,"url":"https://doi.org/10.46989/001c.20585","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Tests a trace-mineral feed series while separating one formulation-specific growth and enzyme response from a universal dietary requirement, molt supplement or aquarium-water dose.","nextAction":"Intake complete after official open-access PDF, extracted text and all eight rendered-page review. The registry preserves 900 wild-collected shrimp, six measured complete-diet manganese concentrations, three 50-shrimp tanks per diet, one shared recirculating-water reservoir, a 30-day duration, the highest reported growth and enzyme values at 62.69 micrograms per gram, a manganese-containing control diet, unclear biochemical sample-to-tank mapping, pooled hemolymph, conflicting water-manganese units, unresolved host identification, sex and life stage, and no reported survival, feed conversion, tissue manganese, deficiency signs, molting, reproduction or long-term safety. Do not convert the response peak into a universal requirement, finished-food supplement recipe, tank-water dose, incomplete-molt treatment or proof of better health."},{"title":"Genomic Sequence and Experimental Tractability of a New Decapod Shrimp Model, Neocaridina denticulata","year":2014,"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/md12031419","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Provides the foundational short-read Neocaridina genomic resource while showing why a core-gene recovery percentage is not whole-genome completeness, line ancestry or a consumer genetic test.","nextAction":"Intake complete after official Europe PMC full-text XML and visual review of all eight official figures. The registry preserves one commercially sourced red-patched adult genome donor, 364,013,140 100-base-pair reads, an assumed approximately 3-gigabase genome, 1.284 gigabases assembled into 3,346,358 contigs, a 400-base-pair N50, 455 of 458 CEGMA core-gene hits, a 15,565-base-pair mitogenome, manual removal of three bacterial-like contigs, 3,750 cutoff-dependent Daphnia matches and a separate adult MS-222 method experiment with small duration cells and observed deaths. Do not convert 99.3 percent core-gene detection into 99.3 percent whole-genome completeness, one seller animal into population or named-line genetics, candidate sequence matches into unique function, or the anaesthesia protocol into home treatment, transport, euthanasia or a welfare guarantee."},{"title":"Microinjection-based CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis in the decapoda crustaceans Neocaridina heteropoda and Eriocheir sinensis","year":2022,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.243702","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Demonstrates targeted embryo editing while showing why three altered survivors are not ten percent of all injected embryos, a heritable line or a commercial colour assay.","nextAction":"Intake complete after publisher-preview full-text review. The registry preserves local-market animals cultured for more than six months, one-cell embryos collected four hours after spawning, a dextran-versus-Phenol-Red tracer pilot, about 0.8 nL injections containing Cas9 at 300 ng/uL and sgRNA at 200 ng/uL, three Nh-scarlet targets, 28 surviving injected embryos at the phenotype screen, two altered-eye-shape survivors, one absent-eye survivor and target-region sequence changes. The initial injected denominator, maternal-clutch contributions, tracer-table denominator and replicate basis, complete negative-control structure and systematic genotyping of phenotype-normal survivors were not reported. Do not convert 3 of 28 survivors into 10 percent of all injected embryos or into adult health, body colour, fertility, germline transmission, F1 inheritance, a stable line, named-trade-line genetics or a consumer test."},{"title":"Barcoding of ornamental freshwater shrimp, Neocaridina denticulata (De Haan, 1844) from the aquatic ornamental market in Purbalingga, Central Java, Indonesia","year":2023,"url":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240714","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Tests whether several visible market colour labels separated into different CO1 groups while exposing why a barcode result is not a trade-line pedigree or colour-based species key.","nextAction":"Intake complete after official full-PDF and eight-page image review. The registry preserves ten market sequence entries, one custom approximately 545-base-pair CO1 assay, 98.24 to 99.29 percent identity to one Chinese mitochondrial reference, reported zero distance among study entries, unknown seller and aquarium clustering, absent morphology and vouchers, missing new sequence accessions, the failed blue gel lane and sample-number mismatch, Jukes-Cantor versus Kimura-model inconsistency, limited branch support and the boundary against global trade-line identity, pedigree, purity, inheritance or identification from colour."},{"title":"Confirmed by integrative taxonomy first and unusual occurrence of the exotic shrimp Neocaridina davidi (Caridea: Atyidae) in Brazil","year":2024,"url":"https://doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305/bip.2024.50.e849","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Adds a vouchered morphology-plus-four-locus South American occurrence while separating one specimen from a population, marine tolerance and a traced aquarium release.","nextAction":"Intake complete after official SciELO full HTML, publisher PDF, extracted text and all nine rendered pages. The registry preserves one 6.52 mm adult female, one date, one marine coastal site, three incompletely quantified trawls, voucher CCDB 6963, COI, 16S, 18S and H3 work, a COI-only comparative phylogeny, zero reported COI distance to selected Polish and Canadian records, unreported diagnostic morphology states, no ambient salinity or animal-outcome measurements, no nearby freshwater sampling and no evidence of establishment or reproduction. The H3 value is reported as a submission identifier, and a trade release or European source remains a hypothesis. Do not convert one specimen into a Brazilian population, marine tolerance, salinity guidance, introduction route, seller lineage, impact estimate or permission to release aquarium life."},{"title":"Investigating the Expression and Function of HIF-1alpha in Neocaridina davidi During Embryo Cleavage Stage","year":2025,"url":"https://doi.org/10.4194/trjfas25726","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Separates a direct embryo gene-knockdown result from an aquarium hypoxia test, oxygen threshold or hatch countdown.","nextAction":"Intake complete after full publisher-PDF and twelve-page image review. The registry preserves the nominal 300-female and 100-male groups, 600 nL dsHIF-1alpha versus dsEGFP injections, one shared-water tank, three-shrimp embryo pools with incomplete replicate mapping, missing female and embryo outcome denominators, three selected affected image sequences, no direct dsRNA tracing, no uninjected or rescue control, paired-test and significance-threshold conflicts, and the mislabeled embryo-stage gene-expression figure. No oxygen treatment was assigned and dissolved oxygen was not measured. Do not convert the HIF name, 27 C culture history, 428-hour control image sequence or photographed arrest into an aeration rule, oxygen limit, hatch calendar, viability test or home intervention."},{"title":"First report of microsporidians in the non-native shrimp Neocaridina davidi from a temperate European stream","year":2022,"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao03681","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Adds the earliest direct field detection, host-identification and molecular-sampling boundary for Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei and an unresolved microsporidian isolate in N. davidi.","nextAction":"Intake complete after official open-access PDF, extracted-text and all six rendered-page review. The registry preserves one site and date, 75 ethanol-preserved adults, PCR from muscle tissue, host CO1 confirmation in only three randomly selected shrimp, four microsporidian-positive animals, two of three E. hepatopenaei-like sequences suitable for phylogeny, one unresolved isolate, and unreported extraction blanks, PCR negative controls and product lengths. No histology, lesions, clinical signs, survival, transmission or treatment endpoint was reported. Do not convert the four of 75 field result into aquarium or trade prevalence, visible diagnosis, disease severity, growth suppression, pathogenicity, treatment, zoonotic risk, organism origin or proof that the shrimp introduced either organism."},{"title":"Paradise under threat: the successful invasion of the freshwater shrimp Neocaridina davidi (Bouvier, 1904) and its microsporidian parasites on La Reunion Island","year":2025,"url":"https://doi.org/10.3391/bir.2025.14.2.08","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Adds a second direct field sample that links responsible no-release guidance to measured host and parasite occurrence without inventing prevalence, clinical disease or an introduction route.","nextAction":"Intake complete after official repository PDF, extracted text and all eighteen rendered-page review. The registry preserves one date, three sites in two catchments, 40 shrimp per site, five of 120 molecular positives representing four reported sequence types, zero of 40 at one site, one host CO1 haplotype, no epibiont analysis, no native-shrimp parasite test, no histology, lesions, clinical signs, survival, experimental transmission, pathogenicity or treatment endpoint, and a Table 2 conflict that lists 16 immatures while reporting two positives as 2 of 14. Do not convert occurrence into aquarium or trade prevalence, proof of absence, disease severity, parasite origin, a single introduction, seller lineage, movement between catchments, proof that N. davidi introduced an organism or a treatment."},{"title":"Cell Death in the Epithelia of the Intestine and Hepatopancreas in Neocaridina heteropoda (Crustacea, Malacostraca)","year":2016,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0147582","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Provides a direct adult tissue baseline showing why autophagy, apoptosis, necrosis and mitochondrial markers require method and comparison context before anyone calls them disease or treatment targets.","nextAction":"Intake complete after official open-access PDF, extracted text and all twenty rendered-page review. The registry preserves no assigned external stressor, local-breeder adults maintained at 24 C, pH 7 and 15 degrees German hardness, method-specific specimen groups, only three adults behind quantitative autophagy and necrosis cell counts, an unstated TUNEL animal denominator, an arbitrary fluorescence threshold, no host-identification or health-screening method, no sex-stratified results, and a Table 1 row that prints 938 autophagic cells from 231 total where 40.26 percent implies 93. Do not convert cellular turnover into a visible diagnosis, pathogen, cause of colony decline, healthy baseline percentage, welfare state, treatment target, aquarium optimum or safe exposure."},{"title":"Omnivorous shrimp Neocaridina denticulata sinensis enhances the growth of submerged macrophyte Vallisneria denseserrulata","year":2019,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2019025","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Directly separates a measured reduction in leaf periphyton from plant growth, water-column algae, nutrients and physical export.","nextAction":"Intake complete after full PDF and page-image review. The registry preserves four mesocosms per treatment, eight shrimp per 75-litre tank, one plant species, 119 days, naturally varying 17 to 30 C water, repeated leaf removal, no pheophytin correction, a water-column chlorophyll unit conflict and the boundary against an aquarium cleaning rate, stocking formula or release-based restoration advice."},{"title":"Freshwater shrimp (Neocaridina denticulata) as a nature-based restoration tool for macrophyte recovery and improved water quality in eutrophic ponds","year":2025,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.127372","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"full-text-needed","communityValue":"Could test filamentous-algae consumption, macrophyte recovery and water-quality outcomes across feeding trials, microcosms and field evaluation while defining the boundary against aquarium cleanup and animal introduction.","nextAction":"Full methods still needed. The official publisher abstract reports feeding trials, controlled microcosms, long-term field evaluation, reduced filamentous algae, improved clarity, an 11-fold macrophyte-abundance result and a self-sustaining shrimp population. The publisher page and official metadata do not expose animal and vessel counts, treatment allocation, controls, shrimp density, endpoint definitions, intervention timing, field comparators, replication, analysis units or the numerical water-quality results here. OpenAlex reports no repository full text or PDF. Do not convert the abstract into a home algae list, stocking rate, water-quality promise or instruction to introduce or release shrimp. Retrieve the article and supplements through the publisher, a library or the corresponding author."},{"title":"Development and testing of a sedation protocol for Neocaridina davidi","year":2024,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-60158-8","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Could improve humane imaging, measurement and specimen handling while defining a clear research-only boundary.","nextAction":"Intake complete. The registry now preserves missing vehicle control, short recovery follow-up and the boundary against home use."},{"title":"Post-embryonic tail development through molting of the freshwater shrimp Neocaridina denticulata","year":2025,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2025.111885","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Clarifies the first-molt tail transition and separates developmental anatomy from a home molt clock or visible diagnosis.","nextAction":"Intake complete. The registry preserves method-specific sample sizes, probable microscope-temperature acceleration, invasive live imaging, possible injury artifacts and the boundary against adult timing or mineral advice."},{"title":"Ectoparasites in Ornamental Shrimps Neocaridina denticulata and Neocaridina palmata from Purbalingga Fish Market Aquariums","year":2025,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202560902003","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Turns a dramatic market-sample percentage into a practical lesson about clustered sampling, organism identification and the difference between detection and measured disease.","nextAction":"Intake complete. The registry preserves the one-seller sampling frame, shared aquarium history, missing host and organism confirmation, unreported tank clustering and the absence of any measured harm or treatment endpoint."},{"title":"Experimental measurement of enzyme activity during initial crustacean growth using the ornamental shrimp, Neocaridina denticulata, as a model and changes in activity with growth","year":2025,"url":"https://doi.org/10.18353/crustacea.54.0_19","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Adds known-age size observations while showing why one pooled rearing tank and whole-body enzyme pools cannot define adulthood, cold tolerance or a stage-specific diet.","nextAction":"Intake complete. The registry preserves destructive cross-sectional sampling, the shared tank, unknown survival denominator, unassigned temperature, whole-body pooling, incomplete statistical reporting and unclear 75-day adult identity."},{"title":"Comparative transcriptomic analysis primarily explores the molecular mechanism of compound eye formation in Neocaridina denticulata sinensis","year":2024,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-024-10453-5","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Separates visible embryo eye stages from a universal hatch countdown, viability claim or reason to alter the aquarium.","nextAction":"Intake complete. The registry preserves three roughly 50-embryo pools per stage, unknown female and brood contributions, missing incubation and time-to-hatch data, whole-embryo expression associations and the absence of functional or hatching endpoints."},{"title":"The occurrence process of chromatophores in three body color strains of the ornamental shrimp Neocaridina denticulata sinensis","year":2022,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00435-022-00563-7","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Shows when pigment-cell types first appeared in three laboratory strains while separating microscopy stages from a universal juvenile grading clock.","nextAction":"Intake complete. The registry preserves six-individual observations, one tank per strain, unknown family contributions, in-vitro egg culture, incomplete statistical reporting and the boundaries against diet, inheritance, named-line and adult-grade claims."},{"title":"Genome-wide identification of the crustacyanin gene family in Neocaridina denticulata sinensis based on comparative genomics and localization analysis","year":2025,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-025-12371-6","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Explains what a pigment-binding protein family map can reveal while preventing gene count from becoming a trade-line inheritance chart, grading claim or colour-food recommendation.","nextAction":"Intake complete. The registry preserves one unpublished source genome, 15 tissue libraries with unresolved animal-versus-pool provenance, undefined qPCR biological units, antibody cross-recognition, missing colour phenotypes and the boundary against assigning individual-gene functions or commercial-line traits."},{"title":"Enhancing Histological Techniques for Small Crustaceans: Evaluation of Fixation, Decalcification, and Enzymatic Digestion in Neocaridina Shrimp","year":2025,"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15121715","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Shows why post-mortem preparation can change tissue appearance and why a laboratory slide or deceased specimen image is not automatically evidence of disease.","nextAction":"Intake complete. The registry preserves five animals per processing variant, specimen-level subsampling, subjective unblinded scoring, one breeder line without species identification, laboratory chemical hazards and the boundary against live-health, treatment or home euthanasia claims."},{"title":"Annoying noise: effect of anthropogenic underwater noise on the movement and feeding performance in the red cherry shrimp, Neocaridina davidi","year":2023,"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2023.1091314","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Directly addresses vibration and noise questions that hobbyists often infer from short behaviour observations.","nextAction":"Intake complete. The registry now preserves the single-tank design, unmeasured particle motion and equipment-transfer limits."},{"title":"Impacts of sublethal concentrations of 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol on growth, reproductive performance and survival in red cherry shrimp during consecutive spawnings","year":2023,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106519","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Provides long reproductive endpoints for a defined water contaminant and may improve chemical-exposure claim boundaries.","nextAction":"Intake complete. The registry preserves nominal-only exposure, the unmatched solvent control, conflicting ethanol reporting, low control survival, artificial egg incubation and the boundary against a beneficial low dose."},{"title":"Long-Term Exposure of the Red Cherry Shrimp Neocaridina davidi to Diclofenac: Impact on Survival, Growth, and Reproductive Potential","year":2023,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-023-01027-9","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"May add a long-duration direct toxicant design with survival, growth and reproductive endpoints.","nextAction":"Intake complete. The registry preserves aquarium replication, measured concentrations, endpoint denominators and the boundary against a household threshold."},{"title":"The lifecycle of Neocaridina denticulata and N. palmata in aquariums","year":2020,"url":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d210609","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Tests a widely repeated 75-day maturity claim against the source tanks, offspring denominators, life-stage language and water-measurement record.","nextAction":"Intake complete. The registry preserves one initial aquarium per market label, unclear female and offspring units, absent survival denominators, inconsistent dates, tables and figures, and the boundary against a 75-day maturity calendar, 27 C optimum or water-quality threshold."},{"title":"Breeding and Life Cycle of Neocaridina denticulata sinensis (Kemp, 1918)","year":2013,"url":"https://doi.org/10.3923/ajava.2013.108.115","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Adds direct breeding and known-cohort observations while showing why one selected shared cohort cannot create a universal maturity calendar or salt-treatment protocol.","nextAction":"Intake complete after official full-HTML, repository-PDF and page-image review. The registry preserves one breeding tank, one shared 30-offspring life-cycle tank, selection of only healthy one-week-old offspring, missing survival and maturity denominators, unexplained extra points in the brood-mass graph, its 0.3589 figure versus 0.9587 and 0.959 text conflict, and the absence of an assigned salinity treatment, untreated control, dose-duration, host-safety endpoint or recurrence follow-up. Do not convert the observed 15-day incubation, 75-day maturity, 27 C water, 40 percent protein feed or 5 to 10 ppt salinity claim into a universal calendar, optimum, feeding recipe or treatment."},{"title":"Estimation of the size of sexual maturity in reproducers of Neocaridina heteropoda under laboratory conditions","year":2020,"url":"https://doi.org/10.22267/revip.2071.20","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Shows why selected adult broodstock and an incompletely documented F1 cannot validate a universal age or size of sexual maturity.","nextAction":"Intake complete. The registry preserves six nominal 2-litre aquaria, selected adults, undefined F1 hatch and age assignment, conflicting maturity-week summaries, incomplete egg and water reporting, mortality-driven density changes and statistical inconsistencies."},{"title":"Functional Analysis of NdBCO-like4 Gene in Pigmentation of Neocaridina denticulata sinensis","year":2025,"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes10030134","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Adds a direct functional pigment-gene experiment while testing whether one associated SNP can identify commercial colour lines or predict crosses.","nextAction":"Intake complete. The registry preserves the five paired maternal RNA-interference units, artificial removed-embryo exposure, unknown culture-tank replication, contradictory significance and SNP descriptions, unreconciled genotype totals, wild-versus-transparent label switch and the boundary against a named-line genetic test."},{"title":"Role Analysis of the scarb1 Gene in the Pigmentation of Neocaridina denticulata sinensis","year":2025,"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15070901","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Tests a carotenoid-transport candidate and a yellow-population SNP while showing why a strong sampled association is not a consumer test for Sunkist or another named line.","nextAction":"Intake complete after full XML review. The registry preserves five maternal split-clutch RNAi units, failed later-stage silencing, unreported statistical methods for most comparisons, 345 reported of 384 planned genotypes per population and the absence of crosses, causation, independent-line validation or individual prediction."},{"title":"Identification of a new ABCB6 gene correlated with economic trait for pigmentation of cherry shrimp (Neocaridina denticulata)","year":2026,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genrep.2026.102505","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"full-text-needed","communityValue":"Could add another functional pigment-transport candidate while testing whether an economic-trait title is being overextended into commercial-line genetics.","nextAction":"Full methods still needed. The publisher abstract reports red, yellow, blue and wild laboratory strains, expression profiling, in situ hybridization and RNA interference, but accessible records do not expose animal and maternal units, strain and tank replication, controls, allocation, phenotype scoring, analysis units or full statistical methods. Do not convert the abstract into a named-line marker, inheritance model, colour-food claim or breeding test. Retrieve the article and supplements through a library or corresponding-author request."},{"title":"Crustacyanins as regulators of functional complementation, cuticle development, lipid metabolism, pigmentation, and immunity in shrimp","year":2026,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743062","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"full-text-needed","communityValue":"Could clarify functional overlap among 24 crustacyanin-family genes while preventing multi-omics pathway labels from becoming named-line genetics, colour recipes, molting advice or disease-resistance claims.","nextAction":"Full methods still needed. The official publisher preview reports 24 NdCRCN genes, separate RNA-interference targeting of the highest-expressed A and C subunits, transcriptomic and proteomic comparisons, compensatory expression among family members, and anti-NdCRCN co-immunoprecipitation followed by LC-MS/MS. Accessible records do not expose shrimp and vessel counts, stock identity, sex or molt state, dsRNA and injection controls, allocation, knockdown denominators, library pooling, phenotype measurements, co-immunoprecipitation controls, endpoint-specific replication or full statistical methods. The preview reports pathway and interacting-protein results, not named trade-line crosses, standardized visible-colour change, carotenoid chemistry, whole-animal molt outcomes, bacterial challenge, survival or disease protection. A retained crustacyanin PDF was verified page by page as the distinct 2025 BMC Genomics article at DOI 10.1186/s12864-025-12371-6 and cannot satisfy this 2026 Aquaculture lead. Do not convert gene-family membership, pathway enrichment, compensatory expression or protein interaction into a breeding marker, colour-food recipe, molt intervention, immune supplement or disease-resistance claim. Retrieve the article and supplements through a library or corresponding-author request."},{"title":"Mechanistic insights into novel triclosan target pathways in Neocaridina denticulata revealed by multi-omics integration","year":2026,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.141856","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"full-text-needed","communityValue":"Could add a direct acute household-antimicrobial exposure with measured body accumulation, molecular pathways and biochemical validation.","nextAction":"Full methods still needed. PubMed, Crossref and the publisher abstract report 24-hour nominal exposures of 1, 5 and 10 micrograms per litre with whole-body multi-omics and biochemical endpoints, but the accessible material does not expose animal and vessel counts, replication, allocation, solvent control, measured water concentrations, omics pooling, endpoint-specific denominators or analysis units. Do not convert the abstract into an aquarium threshold, product warning, clinical sign or decontamination protocol. Retrieve the article and supplements through a library or corresponding-author request."},{"title":"Genes are differentially expressed at transcriptional level of Neocaridina denticulata following short-term exposure to nonylphenol","year":2011,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-011-0338-4","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Adds direct chemical-response evidence while teaching why a pooled transcript change is not automatically protein change, whole-animal harm, a household diagnosis or a safe concentration.","nextAction":"Intake complete from PubMed and indexed author-personal-copy article content. The registry preserves one-day nominal exposures, pooled whole-animal RNA, no reported independent exposure-vessel replication or random allocation, no multiplicity correction, the abstract-versus-results conflict over six or five responsive transcripts at 0.01 mg/L, the PBS-versus-DMSO control-label conflict and the boundary against a protein, functional-harm, chronic, diagnostic, threshold or biomarker-protocol claim."},{"title":"Development of Ecotoxicogenomic Biomarkers on the Freshwater Shrimp (Neocaridina denticulate) Following Short-Term Exposure to Dipropyl Phthalate","year":2013,"url":"https://doi.org/10.12677/IJE.2013.24007","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Adds an open bilingual molecular exposure paper and a concrete example of why transcript direction, pooling, solvent controls and treatment-vessel replication must be checked beyond the abstract.","nextAction":"Intake complete after full official-PDF text and 12-page rendered review. The registry preserves the two-hour exposure plus 12-hour clean-water discovery design, one-day concentration validation, pooled whole-animal RNA, unreported independent exposure-vessel replication and allocation, unmatched acetone control, nominal-only concentrations, inconsistent ten-versus-at-least-five shrimp pool wording, hidden control dispersion, no multiplicity correction, the English-abstract-versus-main-results direction conflict and the table footnote that mistakenly names nonylphenol. Do not convert selected transcript changes into protein abundance, immune competence, toxicity, survival, disease susceptibility, chronic harm, a plastic-product diagnosis, threshold or validated biomarker panel."},{"title":"Research on the Response of Neocaridina denticulate to the Toxicity of Cu2+ and Chlorpyrifos","year":2014,"url":"https://www.sciengine.com/doi/pdf/6B7D2EB283AA4B0D8D6C5FDE5D7A1E49","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"full-text-needed","communityValue":"Identifies the acute mortality and mixture experiment that supplied the 96-hour LC50 values inherited by the 2015 copper and chlorpyrifos biomarker paper.","nextAction":"The exact eight-page journal PDF and source identity are located. Its extracted text exposes a 96-hour semi-static design, three parallel beakers per nominal concentration, blank and chlorpyrifos vehicle controls, probit LC50 analysis and a copper-ion plus chlorpyrifos mixture analysis, but the embedded font drops the decisive concentration, interval and additive-index table cells. Direct rendered-page inspection is still required before intake. A 2026-08-12 retrieval audit found that the official PDF returned HTTP 418 to a direct request and an access-blocked page in a normal browser; a focused exact-title search found citations but no accessible primary copy. Keep this lead outside evidence. Do not promote the 3.44 mg/L copper-ion or 0.06 micrograms/L chlorpyrifos values repeated by the 2015 companion paper, the later 0.4 micrograms/L 24-hour chlorpyrifos citation, the reported synergy classification or the unquantified molting observation into primary table evidence, an N. davidi threshold, a safe aquarium level or a mixture prediction."},{"title":"Physiological Response of Neocaridina denticulate to the Toxicity of Cu2+ and Chlorpyrifos","year":2015,"url":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.2015.02.047","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Corrects the claim that no direct controlled Neocaridina copper exposure was located while preserving the species, water, chemical-form, biomarker and safe-level boundaries.","nextAction":"Intake complete from the official full journal HTML. The registry preserves wild-source animals labelled Neocaridina denticulate without a reported identification method, three parallel beakers per concentration, nominal copper-ion and chlorpyrifos series, daily renewal, five-day fasting, unclear destructive-sample mapping to beakers, repeated concentration-by-day testing and concentration-label inconsistencies. The 96-hour LC50 values used to select treatments came from the now-identified 2014 acute predecessor, not this experiment; that predecessor remains full text needed because its extracted numerical tables are incomplete. Do not convert inherited LC50 values, muscle biomarkers or zero mortality in the selected sublethal groups into N. davidi identity, a no-effect level, safe home concentration, diagnosis or dosing instruction."},{"title":"Gene expression profiling and expression analysis of freshwater shrimp (Neocaridina denticulata denticulata) using expressed sequence tags and short-term exposure to copper","year":2018,"url":"https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/39/1/PRN-108","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Adds a second direct copper transcript experiment while showing why pooled RNA, an unreported exposure unit and an internally inconsistent water record do not validate a field biomarker or safe level.","nextAction":"Intake complete after full official-PDF text extraction and rendered review of all seven pages. The registry separates the ten-animal non-exposed baseline cDNA library from the three-animal pooled copper series, preserves the figure-labelled 0 to 100 micrograms per litre 24-hour dose range, the unstated time-series concentration, unreported exposure vessels and allocation, nominal-only water concentration, sole beta-actin reference, unclear biological replication, missing multiplicity model and the 28 PSU salinity statement that conflicts with the freshwater lake description. Do not convert selected pooled whole-body mRNA changes into protein abundance, toxicity, molting impairment, immune competence, diagnosis, a safe concentration or validated biomarker panel."},{"title":"Transcriptome analysis of Neocaridina denticulate sinensis under copper exposure","year":2021,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2020.145098","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"full-text-needed","communityValue":"Could add a cephalothorax RNA-seq copper experiment and clarify whether immune and molting pathway interpretations reproduce across tissues and better-defined biological units.","nextAction":"Full methods still needed. The official publisher preview reports 20 adult shrimp per control or nominal 2.5 micromoles per litre copper-ion group for 48 hours, one described tank per group, three separately dissected cephalothorax samples per group, six RNA-seq libraries, 122,512 assembled unigenes, 219 differentially expressed genes and seven qPCR checks. The accessible material does not expose complete tank replication, water chemistry, copper verification, sample-to-animal mapping, RNA-seq contrasts, qPCR denominators, reference genes or full statistical methods. Do not convert abstract pathway enrichment or transcript direction into molting impairment, immune competence, whole-animal toxicity, a biomarker panel, diagnosis or safe aquarium concentration. Retrieve the full article and supplements through a library or corresponding-author request."},{"title":"Transcriptomic analysis of Neocaridina denticulate sinensis hepatopancreas indicates immune changes after copper exposure","year":2022,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2021.10.029","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"full-text-needed","communityValue":"Could add a 12-hour hepatopancreas RNA-seq comparison to the same laboratory group's 48-hour cephalothorax study while testing whether tissue and time differences are being mistaken for independent replication.","nextAction":"Full methods still needed. The official publisher preview reports laboratory-bred adults, 20 shrimp randomly selected per 0 or nominal 2.5 micromoles per litre copper-ion group, analytical-grade copper sulfate pentahydrate, a 12-hour endpoint, six hepatopancreas RNA-seq libraries, 23,266 assembled unigenes, 16,423 differentially expressed genes and eight qPCR checks. The accessible material does not expose the completed copper-preparation sentence, treatment-vessel count and volume, water chemistry, analytical copper verification, sample-to-animal and sample-to-tank mapping, library pooling, qPCR denominators and reference genes, full differential-expression thresholds, multiplicity handling or whether this cohort was independent of the same group's 2021 cephalothorax paper. ResearchGate offers an author-request page rather than full text. Do not convert abstract immune-pathway enrichment or transcript direction into immune competence, detoxification, copper tolerance, toxicity, disease resistance, a diagnosis, safe concentration or independent replication. Retrieve the article and supplements through a library or corresponding-author request."},{"title":"Membrane-bound trehalase enhances cadmium tolerance by regulating cell apoptosis in Neocaridina denticulata sinensis","year":2024,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173798","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"full-text-needed","communityValue":"Tests a cadmium-responsive trehalase candidate while exposing the crucial difference between shrimp molecular responses and metal tolerance measured in recombinant bacteria.","nextAction":"Full methods still needed. PubMed, the publisher abstract and the Hebei University laboratory summary report NdTre2 cloning, gill-biased expression that decreased 12 hours after cadmium stimulation, double-stranded-RNA knockdown, gill transcriptomics, selected apoptosis-pathway validation, DNA fragmentation and TUNEL/DAPI staining. The reported cadmium-tolerance assay overexpressed recombinant NdTre2 in Escherichia coli and measured bacterial survival and growth, not shrimp survival or recovery. Accessible sources do not expose shrimp and vessel counts, cadmium concentrations and preparation, water chemistry, measured water or tissue cadmium, exposure and injection controls, allocation, RNA-seq pooling, endpoint denominators, blinding, complete statistical methods or whole-animal shrimp outcomes after knockdown. ResearchGate offers an author-request page rather than full text. Do not convert the title, pathway enrichment, gill apoptosis staining, recombinant-protein binding or bacterial assay into demonstrated shrimp cadmium tolerance, immune competence, molting control, a safe concentration, diagnosis, treatment, supplement or genetic test. Retrieve the article and supplements through a library or corresponding-author request."},{"title":"Identification and functional analysis of a novel L-type lectin (NdLTL1) from Neocaridina denticulata sinensis","year":2025,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110116","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"full-text-needed","communityValue":"Separates shrimp challenge-responsive expression from recombinant-protein binding and bacterial agglutination while preventing an in vitro assay from becoming disease-resistance or supplement advice.","nextAction":"Full methods still needed. PubMed, the publisher preview and the Hebei University laboratory summary report a market source, one-week acclimation at 25 C, genome-wide mining of 179 lectin-like sequences, high cardiac NdLTL1 expression, increased gill expression after Vibrio parahaemolyticus exposure, recombinant NdLTL1 produced in Escherichia coli, binding to several bacteria and carbohydrates, calcium-dependent bacterial agglutination and in vitro bacterial-growth assays. Accessible sources do not expose challenge animal and vessel counts, independent tank replication, bacterial dose and route, controls, allocation, tissue pooling, sampling denominators, recombinant-protein and assay controls, complete replication or full statistical methods. No accessible record reports shrimp survival, disease signs, bacterial load, clearance or protection after manipulating NdLTL1. ResearchGate states that no full text is available and offers a request page. Do not convert challenge-responsive expression, binding, bacterial clumping, calcium dependence or in vitro bacterial growth into demonstrated shrimp immune competence, disease resistance, a diagnosis, treatment, probiotic, prebiotic, sugar product or calcium supplement. Retrieve the article and supplements through a library or corresponding-author request."},{"title":"RNA-seq analysis revealing the immune response of Neocaridina denticulata sinensis gill to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection","year":2022,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2022.09.049","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"full-text-needed","communityValue":"Adds the direct gill transcript experiment cited by the later NdLTL1 paper while separating PBS-versus-bacterial stimulation from infection severity, disease protection and treatment evidence.","nextAction":"Full methods still needed. PubMed and the publisher preview report market-source animals 1.5 plus or minus 0.2 cm long, one month in a 25 C laboratory circulating-water system, a PBS control and Vibrio parahaemolyticus stimulation comparison, six gill RNA-seq libraries labelled C12_1 through C12_3 and S12_1 through S12_3, 1,358 differentially expressed genes and qPCR checks of six selected lysosome-pathway genes. Accessible material does not expose the complete bacterial preparation, challenge dose and route, animal and vessel counts, independent tank replication, allocation, whether gill libraries pooled animals, sample-to-animal and sample-to-tank mapping, qPCR denominators and reference genes, tissue-damage methods, complete statistical thresholds or multiplicity handling. No accessible record reports shrimp survival, clinical signs, bacterial load, clearance, transmission or protection. Do not convert transcript direction or pathway enrichment into natural-infection risk, disease diagnosis, pathogenicity, immune competence, disease resistance, treatment, prevention or a validated biomarker panel. Retrieve the article and supplements through a library or corresponding-author request, then compare its animals and challenge protocol with the same laboratory group's later NdLTL1 paper rather than assuming an independent replication."},{"title":"Transcriptome analysis of Neocaridina denticulate sinensis challenged by Vibrio parahemolyticus","year":2022,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2021.10.004","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"full-text-needed","communityValue":"Adds a hepatopancreas transcript comparison while separating an injected challenge discussed in an AHPND context from evidence that the tested strain carried PirAB toxins or caused AHPND or whole-animal disease in Neocaridina.","nextAction":"Full methods still needed. PubMed and the publisher preview report open-fair animals maintained in the laboratory for two years, 30 healthy shrimp approximately 1.5 plus or minus 0.5 cm long, 25 plus or minus 1 C circulating water, hepatopancreas sampling after Vibrio parahaemolyticus injection, six cDNA libraries, 23,624 genes, 21,464 differentially expressed genes and eight qPCR checks. The accessible preview cuts before the complete acclimation and bacterial-challenge methods and does not expose group allocation, bacterial dose and volume, strain characterization, injection and control details, animal and vessel counts per treatment, independent tank replication, library pooling, sample-to-animal and sample-to-tank mapping, qPCR denominators and reference genes, complete differential-expression thresholds or multiplicity handling. It reports no shrimp survival, clinical signs, bacterial load, clearance, transmission or hepatopancreas pathology. The title, abstract and keywords discuss AHPND, but the accessible record does not establish that the challenge strain carried PirAB toxins or caused AHPND in Neocaridina. Six libraries are not automatically six animals or tanks, and 21,464 changed transcripts are not 21,464 disease mechanisms. Do not infer natural aquarium infection risk, an AHPND diagnosis, pathogenicity, immune competence, disease resistance, treatment, prevention or a validated biomarker panel. Retrieve the article and supplements through a library or corresponding-author request, then establish whether this was a distinct animal cohort and challenge protocol from the same laboratory group's 2022 gill RNA-seq paper rather than calling the two independent replication."},{"title":"Exploiting the Freshwater Shrimp Neocaridina denticulata as Aquatic Invertebrate Model to Evaluate Nontargeted Pesticide Induced Toxicity by Investigating Physiologic and Biochemical Parameters","year":2021,"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10030391","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Adds direct movement, heartbeat and maxilliped-movement endpoints for one insecticide while teaching why animal-level videos do not repair unreplicated treatment tanks.","nextAction":"Intake complete after full publisher-PDF and 24-page rendered review. The registry preserves a commercial 28.8 percent imidacloprid formulation, nominal-only exposures, no formulation-only control, apparent one-tank-per-treatment assignment, conflicting 12-versus-20 animal descriptions, fasting effects, repeated individual measurements, small whole-animal assay groups, one-tank rescue groups, active effects of acetylcholine and docking to a snail acetylcholine-binding protein rather than a shrimp receptor. Do not convert movement or cardiac effects into a home diagnosis, recovery claim, acetylcholine antidote, product rule, aquarium dose or universal threshold."},{"title":"Acute toxicity of mixture of acetaminophen and ibuprofen to Green Neon Shrimp, Neocaridina denticulate","year":2014,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2014.04.014","priority":"medium","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Adds a direct 96-hour juvenile mortality experiment while showing why a lower mixture LC50 is not automatically proof of synergy or an aquarium threshold.","nextAction":"Intake complete after review of the author-uploaded full text and tables. The registry preserves river-source animals, 10- to 14-day-old approximately 1.5 mm juveniles, 20 shrimp per reported group, 1-litre beakers, nominal static-renewal exposures, DMSO stocks, sodium-chloride reference tests, four stated repeats, duplicate treatments, Table 2 n = 4, five mortality times and full LC10, LC50 and confidence intervals. The paper does not reconcile repeats, duplicates and n; report measured concentrations, DMSO fraction or vehicle control; define whether the 1:1 concentration is per component or summed; or add the fixed 0.5 mg/L co-exposure to unequal-series LC50 labels. Its synergy and antagonism language lacks a concentration-addition, independent-action, toxicity-unit, model-deviation or isobologram analysis, and the abstract pairs non-significance with p < 0.05. Do not convert acute nominal mortality in tiny juveniles into a safe aquarium level, chronic outcome, medication instruction, disposal rule, wastewater prediction or universal mixture rule."},{"title":"Differential immune responses of the green neon shrimp (Neocaridina denticulate) to dipropyl phthalate","year":2011,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2011.06.021","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"full-text-needed","communityValue":"Could connect DPrP exposure to time-specific immune assays and bacterial-challenge mortality without inferring disease resistance from transcript levels alone.","nextAction":"Full methods still needed. PubMed and the publisher abstract report nominal 0, 1, 5, 10 and 50 mg/L DPrP exposures, six immune parameters, Aeromonas veronii challenge and mortality on days 1, 3, 5 and 10, but the article is paywalled and the indexed request page exposes no complete methods. Animal and vessel counts, treatment replication, acetone control, exposure renewal, bacterial dose and route, challenge allocation, endpoint denominators, censoring and analysis units remain unverified. Do not convert abstract mortality percentages into an aquarium threshold, plastic-product warning, infection diagnosis, immune supplement claim or treatment protocol. Retrieve the article through a library or corresponding-author request."},{"title":"Effect of different substrates on growth and biochemical composition of the ornamental red cherry shrimp Neocaridina davidi","year":2022,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/are.15812","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"full-text-needed","communityValue":"Could separate substrate effects on growth from colour preference and general habitat assumptions.","nextAction":"Full methods still needed. The 90-day abstract compares Vesicularia, Ceratophyllum, Cabomba and plastic net and reports growth, survival and ovigerous-female outcomes. The official 710291-byte CONICET published-version deposit is restricted, Wiley exposes only the abstract without access, and scholarly indexes locate no open copy. Aquarium replication, allocation, conditioning, surface area, feeding and analysis units remain unverified, so the percentages do not support a habitat recommendation. Request the article or study data from the corresponding author."},{"title":"Characterization of the moult cycle in Neocaridina denticulata sinensis Kemp, 1918: the moulting frequency, moulting stages, and haemolymph ecdysteroid levels","year":2022,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685403-bja10199","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"full-text-needed","communityValue":"Could replace generic molt-frequency calendars with life-stage, temperature and visible-stage observations from a direct Neocaridina study.","nextAction":"Full methods still needed. The abstract reports 14 molts from hatch through first complete pleopod development at 25 C, four main periods, five premolt substages and adult male-versus-female ecdysteroid patterns. The publisher article is paywalled and no legal public manuscript was located. Animal counts, observation intervals, rearing units, independence, censoring and the exact definition of first complete pleopod development remain unverified, so the abstract does not support a home molt calendar or intervention. Request the article or study data through a library or corresponding author."},{"title":"Effect of social environment on sexual differentiation in the highly gregarious red cherry shrimp Neocaridina davidi","year":2019,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2018-0284","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Directly tests whether adult sex composition changes juvenile phenotypic sex under one controlled protocol.","nextAction":"Intake complete. The registry preserves brood-level replication, one excluded brood, pleopod-based sexing and the boundary against a universal genetic mechanism."},{"title":"Effects of dietary incorporation of Arthrospira platensis meal on growth, survival, body composition, and reproductive performance over successive spawnings","year":2017,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-017-1220-5","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Measures several outcomes that hobby food claims frequently combine without a controlled denominator.","nextAction":"Structured after author-uploaded full-text review. Keep fish-meal replacement, three aquarium replicates, artificial egg incubation, low control survival and the dry-formulation boundary visible."},{"title":"Leaf-litter preferences of the introduced freshwater shrimps Atyaephyra desmarestii and Neocaridina davidi","year":2017,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685403-00003736","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"full-text-needed","communityValue":"Could replace generic botanical claims with a bounded comparison of conditioned leaf species, life stages and consumption.","nextAction":"Full methods still needed. The official University of Cologne record and OAI metadata identify the accessible 174 kB file as a four-page Thesis Abstract. The German National Library catalogs a physical 63-page 2018 dissertation, and its official contents page places the leaf-litter article in chapter III on pages 34 to 50. It supplies no electronic dissertation file. OpenAlex reports no repository with full text, and its apparent University of Cologne OAI identifier 24511 is stale because the repository returns idDoesNotExist. The publisher reader stops at human verification and its machine-readable article route denies access. The abstracts report adult versus juvenile preferences, nighttime activity and a 51.0 percent leaf-litter dry-weight result normalized to body dry weight, but choice-vessel replication, conditioning duration and water, leaf mass or area normalization, position rotation, other feeding, decomposition and biofilm controls, non-consumption mass-loss correction, observation schedule, body dry-weight estimation, experimental unit and analysis remain unverified. These abstract findings do not support a leaf recommendation, aquarium ration, replacement interval, complete-diet claim or health claim. Request the 16-page article, physical dissertation or study data through a library, repository or corresponding author."},{"title":"Promotive performance of shrimp Neocaridina denticulata on Typha angustifolia leaf litter decomposition","year":2019,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-018-3573-4","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Separates direct shrimp contact from fecal effects on one leaf litter and shows why decomposition, ingestion, water chemistry and shrimp nutrition are different claims.","nextAction":"Intake complete after full author-uploaded article review. The registry preserves 64 four-litre treatment-by-time buckets, four units per treatment and destructive 35-day harvest, eight river-collected shrimp plus 3 g air-dried cattail litter in each shrimp unit, weekly filtered river-water replacement, no formulated-food baseline, derived rather than measured grazing shares, inconsistent Typha angustifolia versus Typha orientalis labels, conflicting animal holding descriptions, no reported random allocation or obvious sham-mesh control, and the unexplained use of repeated-measures analysis for destructive units. Reported zero mortality cannot establish dietary adequacy without intake, growth, condition, molting, reproduction or health endpoints. Do not convert litter mass loss into a cattail, catappa or alder recommendation, ration, complete-diet claim, replacement interval, home water-safety promise or shrimp-per-leaf formula."},{"title":"Effects of different aquarium feeds on growth performance and survival rate of red cherry shrimp Neocaridina denticulata","year":2016,"url":"https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.2016.33.3.05","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Direct feed comparison could improve practical feeding guidance if the products, ration and units are recoverable.","nextAction":"Structured after full-method review. Keep product formulation and physical form confounded, feeding to satiation explicit and the aquarium as the experimental unit."},{"title":"The effectiveness of natural feed in enhancing color and survival rate of ornamental shrimp Neocaridina sp.","year":2025,"url":"https://doi.org/10.21107/juvenil.v6i3.31252","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Directly tests common live-food and colour claims while exposing why a treatment mean is not a complete-food, biosecurity or grade recommendation.","nextAction":"Intake complete after full open-PDF and page-image review. The registry preserves three aquaria per feed, an unresolved integer starting count, genus-only stock identity, unmeasured ad-libitum intake, unidentified control pellets, the conflicting four-versus-five colour scale, contradictory significance note and discussion, pooled water ranges and the boundary against a Tubifex dose, complete-food claim, colour-grade method or instruction to introduce live worms."},{"title":"Effect Of Market Vegetable Waste Fermented Feeding On The Growth Of Red Cherry Ornamental Shrimp (Neocaridina davidi)","year":2023,"url":"https://doi.org/10.47685/barakuda45.v5i1.332","priority":"high","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Directly addresses vegetable-feeding folklore while separating one fermented preparation comparison from fresh produce, food-safety and complete-diet claims.","nextAction":"Intake complete. The registry preserves three aquaria per feed, ad-libitum availability, unstandardized intake and dry matter, unresolved analysis unit, substantial handling-associated mortality and the boundary against grocery-scrap or home-fermentation recipes."},{"title":"Effects of chlordane and lindane on testosterone and vitellogenin levels in green neon shrimp Neocaridina denticulata","year":2004,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10915810490435604","priority":"medium","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Adds the acute-to-juvenile start of a three-paper pesticide sequence while separating mortality, biochemical proxies and later reproductive outcomes.","nextAction":"Intake complete after full repository-PDF and page-image review. Preserve triplicate beaker wording alongside the absent chronic sampling denominator and beaker-to-assay mapping, the acute group-count and confidence-interval conflicts, nominal concentrations, nonspecific alkali-labile phosphate proxy, unmatched alcohol positive-control vehicle and repeated paired tests without multiplicity correction. Do not use the reported LC50 values as aquarium targets or call this an independent replication of the later male or female experiments."},{"title":"Effects of the endocrine disrupter chemicals chlordane and lindane on the male green neon shrimp Neocaridina denticulata","year":2004,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.08.063","priority":"medium","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Adds direct male hormone-associated and appendage endpoints while preventing a variable morphometric response from becoming a visible diagnosis.","nextAction":"Intake complete after full repository-PDF and page-image review. Preserve three exposure beakers per group, unexplained mapping of figure n values to beakers, nominal concentrations, no reported renewal schedule, nonspecific alkali-labile phosphate proxy, unmatched alcohol positive-control vehicle and repeated paired tests without multiplicity correction. Appendage effects varied by time and concentration and reproductive competence was not tested. Treat it as a separate linked experiment, not an independent replication."},{"title":"Reproduction obstacles for the female green neon shrimp after exposure to chlordane and lindane","year":2006,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.12.017","priority":"medium","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"May add direct endocrine and reproductive toxicology with historical taxon identity retained.","nextAction":"Structured after repository full-text and page-image review. The female hormone groups used triplicate beakers, but the separate reproductive comparison used one shared treatment beaker per group and only 0 to 8 of 20 females became ovigerous. Keep the pooled hormone samples, unclear beaker-to-assay mapping, nominal concentrations, unmatched alcohol positive-control vehicle, repeated paired tests and conditional brood denominators visible. Treat this as a third linked experiment, not an independent replication of the juvenile or male papers."},{"title":"Reproduction and population dynamics of the temperate freshwater shrimp Neocaridina denticulata denticulata in a Korean stream","year":2003,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1163/156854003771997864","priority":"medium","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Could broaden field life-history context without turning a Korean stream population into aquarium timing.","nextAction":"Structured after full-method review. Retain the five monthly box samples, length-frequency modeling, published taxon and field-to-aquarium boundary."},{"title":"Population ecology of Neocaridina denticulata in the Sugow River, Japan","year":1990,"url":"https://doi.org/10.18353/rcustacea.19.0_43","priority":"medium","screeningStatus":"method-reviewed","communityValue":"Adds an older field baseline for seasonality, density and population structure under a historical name.","nextAction":"Structured after bilingual full-text review. Retain time-based netting, mesh selectivity, inferred cohorts and the allocated sex ratio for animals below 8 mm."}]}}