Acute toxicity of mixture of acetaminophen and ibuprofen to Green Neon Shrimp, Neocaridina denticulate

What was studied

Study shape: Nominal 96-hour mortality series tested acetaminophen and ibuprofen alone at 0.2, 0.6, 1, 1.5, 2, 4 and 8 mg/L; a 1:1 series; variable acetaminophen at 0.1, 1, 2, 4 or 7.5 mg/L plus fixed 0.5 mg/L ibuprofen; and variable ibuprofen at the same levels plus fixed 0.5 mg/L acetaminophen. Stocks were prepared in DMSO. Sodium chloride at 1 to 5 g/L was used as a reference chemical, and mortality was recorded at 2, 6, 24, 48 and 96 hours.

Experimental unit: The treatment beaker, with 20 shrimp reported per group. The paper says the experiment was repeated four times and every treatment was performed in duplicate, while its mortality table reports n = 4; it does not reconcile tests, duplicate beakers and the analyzed n or explain whether beaker-level results or pooled animal counts entered each model.

Endpoints: mortality time course, 96-hour LC10 with 95 percent confidence interval, 96-hour LC50 with 95 percent confidence interval, sodium-chloride reference-chemical LC50.

Claim boundary

What it can support: Under the nominal 96-hour protocol, reported LC50 values were 6.07 mg/L for acetaminophen, 6.60 mg/L for ibuprofen, 6.23 mg/L for the 1:1 series, 4.78 mg/L for variable acetaminophen plus 0.5 mg/L ibuprofen and 6.78 mg/L for variable ibuprofen plus 0.5 mg/L acetaminophen. The experiment supports ratio-specific mortality curves under those exact series.

What it cannot support: The treatment concentrations were nominal, the paper does not report analytical verification, the DMSO fraction or a DMSO-matched control, and renewal frequency and test-time feeding are not stated. The equal-ratio LC50 does not clearly say whether concentration means each component or their sum. The unequal-series LC50 values describe the variable component while omitting the fixed 0.5 mg/L co-exposure from the reported number. The confidence intervals overlap substantially, and the paper calls patterns synergistic or antagonistic without reporting a concentration-addition, independent-action, toxicity-unit, model-deviation or isobologram analysis. The abstract says a non-significant comparison had p < 0.05. The source and identity method, allocation and duplicate-to-n mapping are incomplete. Acute mortality in tiny juveniles does not establish a safe aquarium level, chronic outcome, medication instruction, disposal rule, wastewater prediction, decontamination method or universal rule for drug mixtures.

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