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System observation or method study Direct Neocaridina evidence

The lifecycle of Neocaridina denticulata and N. palmata in aquariums

Mahmoud, Sastranegara and Kusmintarsih, 2020. Biodiversitas 21(6): 2396-2402.

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This record is a claim boundary, not a quality badge. Evidence class and species relationship describe what was studied. They do not make the result universal, complete or automatically applicable to a home aquarium.

Source taxon as published
Market-sourced animals labelled Neocaridina denticulata and Neocaridina palmata; identification method not reported
Environment
One 30-litre aquarium per labelled species with powerhead filtration, aeration, white stone, Java moss, twice-daily 40 percent protein pellets, partial water renewal every three weeks and naturally varying 25 to 28 C water
Life stages
market-sourced adult, ovigerous female, egg, direct-developing post-hatching young, reported juvenile and maturity stages
Reviewed
2026-08-12

What was studied

Study shape: Thirty market-sourced animals per labelled species, 15 male and 15 female, first shared one aquarium per species. Fifteen ovigerous females per species were later described as moving to individual aquaria for egg and hatch observations, after which healthy offspring were reared and measured through a reported maturity sequence. Only descriptive statistics were stated.

Experimental unit: One initial aquarium per labelled species, so species and tank were confounded; the number, size and independence of the later female and offspring aquaria were not reported, and individual offspring tracking was not described

Endpoints: adult and post-hatching total length, egg length and width, attached egg count per female, reported time to life-stage labels, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, ammonia.

Claim boundary

What it can support: Under the reported culture history, the market-sourced groups produced attached eggs and direct-developing shrimp-like young. Fifteen females under each label supplied reported egg-count ranges of 21 to 60 for N. denticulata and 21 to 58 for N. palmata, and photographed post-hatching young measured about 3.3 mm at 24 hours.

What it cannot support: Species identity rested on market sourcing, colour and photographs without a diagnostic key or molecular confirmation. With one initial aquarium per label, species and tank were confounded, preventing an independent species comparison. Female isolation, offspring allocation, starting hatch denominators, survival, losses and repeated-animal tracking were not reported. The stated June 14 to August 10 breeding interval does not reconcile with 75-day and 80-day observations. Tables place ranges in columns labelled Means while also giving separate standard deviations, figures and axes are inconsistently numbered or labelled, and no inferential model is reported. Temperature and pH varied within the same systems rather than being assigned, so plots cannot establish 27 C as an optimum or any pH effect. The water methods, analyte bases and nitrogen interpretation are incomplete, and nitrite named in the abstract is not reported in the tables. Calling the direct-developing young larvae and describing a planktonic phase conflict with the better-resolved N. davidi developmental literature. The source cannot establish a universal 15-day incubation, 75-day maturity calendar, water-quality threshold, species difference or cultivation optimum.

Publication status audit

Matched in dated Crossref query

The canonical DOI appeared in the dated broad query and carried no registered update in that response. This is a metadata observation, not proof that the work has never changed.

Metadata snapshot reviewed 2026-08-12. Inspect the method, unmatched queue and limitations.

Correction impact

If this source boundary changes, these are the known downstream consumers. The list distinguishes scientific re-review from generated parity and historical follow-up.

Editorial review required (13)

This curated wording or synthesis must be reconsidered when the source boundary changes. A passing generator test cannot decide the new scientific meaning.

  • breeding decision card Tank-side decision card
    The card translates this guide into an observation, first action, next record and stopping boundary, so all four require editorial review when the source changes.
  • growth decision card Tank-side decision card
    The card translates this guide into an observation, first action, next record and stopping boundary, so all four require editorial review when the source changes.
  • nitrogen decision card Tank-side decision card
    The card translates this guide into an observation, first action, next record and stopping boundary, so all four require editorial review when the source changes.
  • parameters decision card Tank-side decision card
    The card translates this guide into an observation, first action, next record and stopping boundary, so all four require editorial review when the source changes.
  • sexing decision card Tank-side decision card
    The card translates this guide into an observation, first action, next record and stopping boundary, so all four require editorial review when the source changes.
  • breeding practical guide Practical guide
    The guide uses this evidence record and its practical wording must remain inside the revised source boundary.
  • growth practical guide Practical guide
    The guide uses this evidence record and its practical wording must remain inside the revised source boundary.
  • nitrogen practical guide Practical guide
    The guide uses this evidence record and its practical wording must remain inside the revised source boundary.
  • parameters practical guide Practical guide
    The guide uses this evidence record and its practical wording must remain inside the revised source boundary.
  • sexing practical guide Practical guide
    The guide uses this evidence record and its practical wording must remain inside the revised source boundary.
  • aquarium-lifespan knowledge gap Canonical knowledge gap
    The current knowledge-gap boundary depends on a dated search that used this exact source and must be reconsidered if the source meaning changes.
  • aquarium-lifespan answerability brief Answerability brief
    The decision, endpoint, minimum design or closure rule may change when evidence used in the linked gap search is corrected.
  • aquarium-lifespan research allocation Current research allocation
    The current allocation, activation trigger, next permitted unit or stop decision may change when evidence used in the linked gap search is corrected.

Generated from governing registry (22)

This surface derives from a governing registry and should update with it, but release tests must still prove parity and routing.

  • Record CSL-JSON citation Citation export
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  • Record RIS citation Citation export
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  • Complete CSL-JSON bibliography Citation export
    The complete citation export includes every evidence registry record.
  • Complete RIS bibliography Citation export
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  • breeding portable decision card Generated decision-card text
    The portable text derives from the curated decision-card registry and must preserve every card section and both permanent links.
  • growth portable decision card Generated decision-card text
    The portable text derives from the curated decision-card registry and must preserve every card section and both permanent links.
  • nitrogen portable decision card Generated decision-card text
    The portable text derives from the curated decision-card registry and must preserve every card section and both permanent links.
  • parameters portable decision card Generated decision-card text
    The portable text derives from the curated decision-card registry and must preserve every card section and both permanent links.
  • sexing portable decision card Generated decision-card text
    The portable text derives from the curated decision-card registry and must preserve every card section and both permanent links.
  • breeding complete visual decision card Generated decision-card visual
    The typography-only visual and exact accessibility description derive from the curated decision-card registry and must preserve every card section.
  • growth complete visual decision card Generated decision-card visual
    The typography-only visual and exact accessibility description derive from the curated decision-card registry and must preserve every card section.
  • nitrogen complete visual decision card Generated decision-card visual
    The typography-only visual and exact accessibility description derive from the curated decision-card registry and must preserve every card section.
  • parameters complete visual decision card Generated decision-card visual
    The typography-only visual and exact accessibility description derive from the curated decision-card registry and must preserve every card section.
  • sexing complete visual decision card Generated decision-card visual
    The typography-only visual and exact accessibility description derive from the curated decision-card registry and must preserve every card section.
  • The lifecycle of Neocaridina denticulata and N. palmata in aquariums Canonical evidence page
    The canonical evidence page derives from the current evidence registry record.
  • breeding evidence dossier Generated guide dossier
    The dossier derives its linked evidence set from the record care path.
  • growth evidence dossier Generated guide dossier
    The dossier derives its linked evidence set from the record care path.
  • nitrogen evidence dossier Generated guide dossier
    The dossier derives its linked evidence set from the record care path.
  • parameters evidence dossier Generated guide dossier
    The dossier derives its linked evidence set from the record care path.
  • sexing evidence dossier Generated guide dossier
    The dossier derives its linked evidence set from the record care path.
  • Machine-readable knowledge export Machine-readable knowledge export
    The versioned export includes the complete evidence registry and source-integrity audit.
  • Research map record Research map
    The research map derives its source boundary from the evidence registry.

Historical record needs follow-up decision (2)

Do not silently rewrite history. Decide whether the prior change record remains accurate and publish a new correction or scope note when needed.

Inspect the corpus-wide propagation audit.

How this record is classified

System observation or method study: An aquarium, analytical or biological system was observed without an assigned Neocaridina animal treatment. The species relationship still identifies whether the evidence is biological or system-adjacent.

Direct Neocaridina evidence: The source measured animals named within Neocaridina. Direct still does not mean universal or sufficient.

Topics: Breeding, Growth and lifespan, Anatomy, Water parameters, Nitrogen waste

Critically appraise this source without a score

These questions fit this record's system observation or method study role. They are prompts, not automatic judgments. Open the original source to answer them.

  1. Identity and provenance: How were the organism, population, stock and life stage identified and sourced? A published name or seller label can hide a taxonomic, population or life-stage transfer.
  2. Independent unit: What unit was independently assigned or sampled, and how many units support each comparison? Animal counts do not create independent replication when animals share a vessel, site, family or treatment history.
  3. Comparison and context: What was the actual comparator, allocation process, environment, duration and material condition? A result has meaning only against the comparison and conditions that produced it.
  4. Endpoint and measurement: Which endpoint was measured, with what method, unit, timing, resolution and decision rule? One endpoint cannot silently become survival, welfare, diagnosis, reproduction or long-term population performance.
  5. Denominators and missingness: Are starting counts, exclusions, losses, missing observations and analysis denominators reconciled? Unreported or changing denominators can alter the apparent direction, precision and applicability of a result.
  6. Transfer boundary: What is the nearest tempting aquarium claim that this source design cannot establish? Direct evidence can still be narrow, and adjacent evidence can be useful only while the inference remains visible.
  7. System relationship: Was the measured unit an aquarium system, analytical method, another taxon or another biological level? A system or method result is not automatically a Neocaridina animal response.
  8. Inference mechanism: What explicit mechanism or shared property makes the adjacent evidence relevant? Similarity must be stated and tested rather than assumed from a broad label.
  9. Target validation: Has the method or inference been validated in Neocaridina, the intended water, life stage and decision range? Analytical validity in one matrix or biological validity in another species may not transfer.
  10. Permitted use: Is the source being used only for its method or system role rather than promoted to animal evidence? Useful adjacent evidence becomes misleading when its role is silently upgraded.

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