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Controlled experiment Direct Neocaridina evidence

Effects of chlordane and lindane on testosterone and vitellogenin levels in green neon shrimp (Neocaridina denticulata)

Huang and Chen, 2004. International Journal of Toxicology 23(2): 91-95.

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This record is a claim boundary, not a quality badge. Evidence class and species relationship describe what was studied. They do not make the result universal, complete or automatically applicable to a home aquarium.

Source taxon as published
Wild-collected Neocaridina denticulata from rivers in Taipei County, Taiwan
Environment
Glass-beaker exposure after two weeks of acclimation at 25 +/- 1 C, pH 7.4 to 7.8, dissolved oxygen above 7.3 mg/L and hardness 38 to 45 mg/L as CaCO3
Life stages
9 to 12 mm juvenile, acute-test animal
Reviewed
2026-08-12

What was studied

Study shape: An acute static-renewal series estimated 96-hour mortality responses to nominal chlordane and lindane concentrations. A separate 28-day experiment compared nominal chlordane at 1 and 10 ng/L and lindane at 0.1 and 1 microgram/L with no-pesticide, acetone-vehicle and alcohol-dissolved estradiol positive controls, sampling on days 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28.

Experimental unit: The exposure beaker. The acute treatments used 20 shrimp in 5-litre beakers and were described as triplicate. The chronic groups used 100 juveniles in a 10-litre beaker described as run in triplicate, but the article does not state the sampled-animal count, allocation among beakers or analysis unit.

Endpoints: 96-hour mortality and LC50 estimate, testosterone enzyme immunoassay, alkali-labile phosphate response.

Claim boundary

What it can support: The article reports acute mortality concentration responses, lower testosterone-associated measurements after both pesticides and a transient alkali-labile phosphate increase after chlordane under its nominal exposure protocols.

What it cannot support: The article says the acute experiment had 10 groups even though its table lists more concentration rows, prints the chlordane confidence limits in descending order and does not report measured water concentrations. Alkali-labile phosphate was an acknowledged nonspecific proxy for vitellogenin-like protein. The chronic sampling denominator and beaker-to-assay mapping are absent, estradiol used alcohol without a described alcohol-matched control, and repeated paired t tests have no reported multiplicity correction. The study does not establish a household threshold, safe concentration, mechanism, diagnosis or validated biomarker.

Publication status audit

Matched in dated Crossref query

The canonical DOI appeared in the dated broad query and carried no registered update in that response. This is a metadata observation, not proof that the work has never changed.

Metadata snapshot reviewed 2026-08-12. Inspect the method, unmatched queue and limitations.

Correction impact

If this source boundary changes, these are the known downstream consumers. The list distinguishes scientific re-review from generated parity and historical follow-up.

Editorial review required (4)

This curated wording or synthesis must be reconsidered when the source boundary changes. A passing generator test cannot decide the new scientific meaning.

  • Any copper kills shrimp or copper is safe Curated claim check
    The exact claim trace uses this record as limitation context: Another chemical series illustrates why concentration, duration, life stage and endpoint must remain explicit.
  • chemical-safety decision card Tank-side decision card
    The card translates this guide into an observation, first action, next record and stopping boundary, so all four require editorial review when the source changes.
  • chemical-safety practical guide Practical guide
    The guide uses this evidence record and its practical wording must remain inside the revised source boundary.
  • round1-synthesis-chemical Curated first-round reviewer assignment
    The frozen reviewer scope or consequential-failure check uses this record through the assigned claim trace or comparison and must be reconsidered before invitation or response.

Generated from governing registry (13)

This surface derives from a governing registry and should update with it, but release tests must still prove parity and routing.

Historical record needs follow-up decision (1)

Do not silently rewrite history. Decide whether the prior change record remains accurate and publish a new correction or scope note when needed.

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How this record is classified

Controlled experiment: An assigned treatment or controlled comparison. The treatment, unit, duration and endpoint still limit the claim.

Direct Neocaridina evidence: The source measured animals named within Neocaridina. Direct still does not mean universal or sufficient.

Topics: Chemical exposure, Health

Critically appraise this source without a score

These questions fit this record's controlled experiment role. They are prompts, not automatic judgments. Open the original source to answer them.

  1. Identity and provenance: How were the organism, population, stock and life stage identified and sourced? A published name or seller label can hide a taxonomic, population or life-stage transfer.
  2. Independent unit: What unit was independently assigned or sampled, and how many units support each comparison? Animal counts do not create independent replication when animals share a vessel, site, family or treatment history.
  3. Comparison and context: What was the actual comparator, allocation process, environment, duration and material condition? A result has meaning only against the comparison and conditions that produced it.
  4. Endpoint and measurement: Which endpoint was measured, with what method, unit, timing, resolution and decision rule? One endpoint cannot silently become survival, welfare, diagnosis, reproduction or long-term population performance.
  5. Denominators and missingness: Are starting counts, exclusions, losses, missing observations and analysis denominators reconciled? Unreported or changing denominators can alter the apparent direction, precision and applicability of a result.
  6. Transfer boundary: What is the nearest tempting aquarium claim that this source design cannot establish? Direct evidence can still be narrow, and adjacent evidence can be useful only while the inference remains visible.
  7. Treatment assignment: Were independent units assigned to treatments, and were baseline conditions comparable? Unclear allocation or baseline imbalance can confound the treatment comparison.
  8. Replication: Were treatment vessels or other exposure units independently replicated rather than subsampled? Repeated animals or assays inside one exposure unit do not replicate the environmental treatment.
  9. Exposure verification: Was the treatment, dose, feed intake or environmental exposure measured and maintained as described? Nominal treatment labels may not equal the exposure animals actually received.
  10. Analysis: Did the statistical model match the unit, repeated measures, multiplicity and missing outcomes? A precise p-value cannot repair a mismatched unit or unaccounted comparison structure.

Read the complete appraisal framework.

Where it is used

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