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60 records found
Post-hatching development of the ornamental freshwater shrimp Neocaridina davidi in aquarium conditions
Stage-specific external development, the method used to distinguish sex and first reproduction observed under the tested protocol.
Boundary: It does not promise that home shrimp can be sexed at a fixed age, reach a universal breeding size or carry eggs by a fixed day.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
Breeding and Life Cycle of Neocaridina denticulata sinensis (Kemp, 1918)
Under the reported culture history, selected adults mated and carried eggs, incubation was reported as 15 days at 27 C, hatchlings had a shrimp-like form and measured about 2.3 mm total length, observed broods ranged from 21 to 51, and the selected shared offspring cohort was reported to reach first maturity near 75 days and 2.3 cm total length.
Boundary: Species identity rested on an aquarium-shop label without a reported diagnostic method. There was one breeding tank and one 30-offspring life-cycle tank, with no independent tank replication. Only healthy one-week-old offspring were selected, and survival, losses, family contributions, observation intervals, individual tracking and the denominator reaching maturity were not reported. The brood-mass figure shows more observations than the ten-pair method explains and labels R squared as 0.3589, while the text reports 0.9587 and 0.959. Water conditions and the 40 percent protein feed were not assigned comparisons, so they are context rather than optima. High mortality during Holtodrilus occurrence lacks a denominator and causal control. The claimed 5 to 10 ppt salinity response had no assigned treatment, untreated control, dose-duration, host-safety endpoint or recurrence follow-up and cannot support a salt treatment. Study duration and season coverage were not reported, so year-round reproduction was not established. The work cannot validate a universal 15-day incubation, 75-day maturity calendar, body-size threshold, feeding recipe, water-quality target or parasite treatment.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
The lifecycle of Neocaridina denticulata and N. palmata in aquariums
Under the reported culture history, the market-sourced groups produced attached eggs and direct-developing shrimp-like young. Fifteen females under each label supplied reported egg-count ranges of 21 to 60 for N. denticulata and 21 to 58 for N. palmata, and photographed post-hatching young measured about 3.3 mm at 24 hours.
Boundary: Species identity rested on market sourcing, colour and photographs without a diagnostic key or molecular confirmation. With one initial aquarium per label, species and tank were confounded, preventing an independent species comparison. Female isolation, offspring allocation, starting hatch denominators, survival, losses and repeated-animal tracking were not reported. The stated June 14 to August 10 breeding interval does not reconcile with 75-day and 80-day observations. Tables place ranges in columns labelled Means while also giving separate standard deviations, figures and axes are inconsistently numbered or labelled, and no inferential model is reported. Temperature and pH varied within the same systems rather than being assigned, so plots cannot establish 27 C as an optimum or any pH effect. The water methods, analyte bases and nitrogen interpretation are incomplete, and nitrite named in the abstract is not reported in the tables. Calling the direct-developing young larvae and describing a planktonic phase conflict with the better-resolved N. davidi developmental literature. The source cannot establish a universal 15-day incubation, 75-day maturity calendar, water-quality threshold, species difference or cultivation optimum.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
Estimation of the size of sexual maturity in reproducers of Neocaridina heteropoda under laboratory conditions
In this small laboratory series, selected adults reproduced at 22 C. The paper reports mean reproductive-phase lengths of 31.3 mm for females and 26.5 mm for males and 2.75 spawns per female during the ten-month observation.
Boundary: The source began with selected broodstock averaging 31 mm for females and 26 mm for males, so those animals cannot establish age at first maturity. The methods do not define an F1 starting denominator, hatch dates, offspring allocation or age-assignment procedure even though the abstract and conclusion report maturity in weeks. The abstract gives ranges of 12.1 to 14 weeks for males and 14.2 to 16.4 for females, while the conclusion gives single values of 12.1 and 14.2 weeks. Egg counts of 18 to 33 and ontogenic duration of 18 to 25 days appear in the abstracts but are not supported by a reported observation schedule, denominator or results table. The container description conflicts between 0.20 cubic metres, 0.20 square metres and 2000 mL. Species identification was not reported and a figure labels the animals only Neocaridina sp. Monthly water results were not published. A Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test does not by itself establish the between-unit differences shown, and the text conflicts between p less than 0.01 and a figure caption using p less than 0.05. Mortality changed density among units. The work cannot validate a maturity age, maturity-size threshold, incubation calendar, universal spawning rate, stocking ratio, 22 C optimum or dissolved-oxygen target.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
Post-embryonic tail development through molting of the freshwater shrimp Neocaridina denticulata
Under the tested developmental conditions, cuticle already separated overlapping uropod and telson primordia shortly after hatching. The first ecdysis made the uropod branches externally clear and changed the telson toward a longer, narrower form, with the visible tail-shape transition occurring within minutes in the recorded individual.
Boundary: This is first-instar developmental anatomy, not an adult molt interval or a home-visible molt predictor. The stock was commercially sourced, exact sex was unknown and the authors retained both N. denticulata and N. davidi because the name is disputed. Samples were small and method-specific. Fixed observations required anesthesia, dissection, fixation or staining. Captured 96-well animals molted faster, probably because of microscope heat. Live imaging used WGA injection, 395 nm curing light and heat-generating UV resin, slightly delayed ecdysis, included only two animals, did not label every cell and may have produced injury-related cells. The study did not test aquarium temperature, GH, minerals, treatment, survival, welfare or incomplete-molt prevention.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
Comparative transcriptomic analysis primarily explores the molecular mechanism of compound eye formation in Neocaridina denticulata sinensis
The study operationally separated late embryos by visible eye development, from thin crescent-shaped black pigment at the first compound-eye stage to oval eyes and later zoea-stage morphology. Whole-embryo expression profiles changed across those stages, including higher late-stage expression of putative visual opsins and enrichment of phototransduction and chitin-related terms.
Boundary: The paper did not report embryo ages, elapsed time between stages, time to hatch, incubation temperature, water chemistry, photoperiod, brood count, clutch allocation, egg retention, hatch success, survival, deformity or post-hatch outcome. About 50 embryos were pooled per RNA sample, and unknown family contributions prevent treating every embryo as an independent replicate. Stage and maternal history were confounded. Pathway annotation and expression association do not prove that a gene or hormone caused eye formation, molting or hatching; qRT-PCR of eight selected transcripts was assay confirmation rather than an independent biological replication or functional perturbation. The source labels the final in-egg stage zoea, which must be preserved rather than converted into a hobby life-stage rule. Visible eyes therefore do not provide a universal hatch countdown, prove embryo viability or support a light, temperature, medication or handling recommendation.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
Investigating the Expression and Function of HIF-1alpha in Neocaridina davidi During Embryo Cleavage Stage
Under the reported assays, HIF-1alpha mRNA and protein were highest at the cleavage stage relative to later named embryo stages. Maternal dsHIF-1alpha injection was associated with lower HIF-1alpha signal in maternal muscle and sampled embryos, lower expression of selected glycolytic transcripts in several cleavage or blastula comparisons, and photographed examples of delayed or arrested early development relative to the dsEGFP sequence.
Boundary: The study did not assign oxygen treatments or measure dissolved oxygen, so the HIF name and pathway cannot establish aquarium hypoxia, embryo oxygen demand, aeration need, tolerance or a safe oxygen threshold. Shared tank water prevents independent environmental replication. Taxon identification was not reported, and the methods repeatedly call the shrimp crayfish. The number of egg-carrying females, clutches, embryos, affected embryos, surviving embryos and hatches was not reported, so the developmental frequency and effect size are unknown. Removed-embryo observation conditions and the selection of photographed examples were not fully described. The study did not directly label or trace dsRNA into oocytes or embryos, include an uninjected control, use a second non-overlapping HIF-1alpha dsRNA, report a rescue experiment or measure maternal survival and reproductive output; lower embryo signal therefore does not by itself prove physical intergenerational transfer or exclude off-target and maternal-condition pathways. Sample pooling and biological-replicate mapping are incomplete. Paired t-tests were used for apparently separate treatment groups and repeated stage comparisons without a reported multiplicity correction. Methods define significance at p less than 0.01, text uses p less than 0.05, captions introduce one, two and three-star levels, Figure 6 calls embryo-stage measurements muscle, and Figure 4 is titled protein expression although one panel is mRNA. The seven stage names partly borrow from Macrobrachium literature, and the representative 428-hour control sequence cannot supply a universal hatch countdown or viability test.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
Experimental measurement of enzyme activity during initial crustacean growth using the ornamental shrimp, Neocaridina denticulata, as a model and changes in activity with growth
In the one pooled cohort, reported mean total length rose from 2.85 mm at day 15 to 4.67, 7.84 and 12.58 mm at days 30, 45 and 60, while mean wet mass rose from 1 to 8, 17 and 39 mg. The whole-body pools detected amylase, lipase and protease activity, with reported protease activity increasing across the four juvenile checkpoints.
Boundary: Age, sampling date and changing culture history were confounded, with no parallel age-matched control or replicate rearing tank. The destructive cross-sectional samples did not follow the same individuals, family contributions and starting denominator were unknown, survival was not reported and feed amount or intake was not measured. Temperature was observed rather than assigned, so normal-looking growth cannot establish cold tolerance, an optimum or absence of adverse effects. The pH and nitrogen values varied and their exact analytical reporting bases were incomplete. Whole-body homogenates do not isolate digestive tissue, and three pools from one tank do not independently replicate an age effect. The Brunner-Munzel comparison plan, exact p-values, multiplicity handling and figure error bars were not fully reported. The three-per-stage histology comparison cannot establish isometric growth. Animals described as adults were also said to come from the breeding tank, so age and cohort identity are unclear; a 75-day label does not establish reproductive maturity. The study tested no diet, protein level, feeding frequency, digestibility, long-term health or lifespan outcome and cannot prescribe stage-specific food.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
Effect of temperature on biochemical composition, growth and reproduction of the ornamental red cherry shrimp
Temperature changed incubation time and the shape of early growth and reproduction under the tested conditions.
Boundary: It did not establish a universal ideal temperature, a lifetime effect, a lethal limit or a rule that warmer always means better growth.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
Losing Reproduction: Effect of High Temperature on Female Biochemical Composition and Egg Quality
The tested 33 C treatment suppressed ovarian maturation and spawning, and transferred females later resumed reproductive development.
Boundary: This was not an acute lethal test and does not define a safe interval, home heater setting or lifetime boundary.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
Body coloration, carotenoid content, spermatophore quality and biochemical parameters by effect of temperature
Lower temperature delayed ovarian maturation in this protocol while survival remained above 90 percent in every treatment.
Boundary: It does not make every temperature in the tested range equivalent or establish chronic survival outside the study duration.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
Density and gender segregation effects in the culture of the caridean ornamental red cherry shrimp Neocaridina davidi Bouvier, 1904 (Caridea: Atyidae)
Under the tested juvenile grow-out conditions, vessel mean mass diverged after day 30 and was lower at 10 animals/L than at 2.5 or 5 animals/L by days 60 and 90. Final females at 2.5 animals/L were 45 percent heavier than females at 10 animals/L, males at 2.5 animals/L were heavier than males at both higher densities, and model-estimated 90-day survival did not differ statistically among densities. Monosex versus mixed culture did not change mean mass or survival in the second experiment.
Boundary: This does not establish shrimp per gallon, a home-aquarium carrying capacity, a disease or welfare threshold, or a minimum starter group. The units were small juvenile grow-out vessels with daily food described as ad libitum and approximately 4 percent of vessel biomass, continuous aeration, weekly complete water replacement and removal of every new offspring. Individuals were not tracked, starting vessel counts were unequal across densities, brood and family contributions were not reported, food intake was not measured, and ovigerous presence was recorded without egg, hatch or recruitment outcomes. Survival percentages were model estimates rather than raw tank-wide guarantees. Biochemical samples sometimes pooled vessel replicates, weakening the original unit boundary. Ninety days does not represent a mixed-age, multigeneration colony or lifetime health.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
Population dynamics of Neocaridina davidi in the thermally polluted Gillbach stream
A reproducing feral population persisted and dispersed under the recorded field conditions.
Boundary: Field estimates do not establish aquarium lifespan, a species temperature optimum or a release-safe climate.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
First record and DNA barcodes of the aquarium shrimp, Neocaridina davidi, in Central Europe from thermally polluted River Oder canal, Poland
Fifteen field shrimp were found in three positive collection years spanning 2003 to 2017, including one ovigerous female in November 2013. Morphology and seven field COI accessions supported N. davidi identity. The seven field and six amateur-aquarium sequences generated by the study shared one COI haplotype, supporting close mitochondrial similarity within that comparison.
Boundary: The three positive years were not continuous monitoring, and qualitative sampling with mostly unreported effort cannot estimate abundance, density, occupancy, population trend or detection probability. One ovigerous female supports reproductive condition, not observed hatching, recruitment or proof that local reproduction maintained the records. The authors explicitly retained repeated yearly introductions as an alternative. The canal was artificially heated; the paper reports 27 to 29 C in June-July and 15 C in November but no winter minimum, winter sample, thermal time series or comparison site. It cannot establish cold tolerance, winter survival, a home temperature range or a 27 to 28 C breeding optimum. A shared short mitochondrial haplotype does not trace an aquarium source, seller, release event, nuclear ancestry or transfer direction. The study measured no survival, growth, water chemistry beyond temperature, ecological impact, pathogen transfer or control outcome. Failure to find a threat is not proof of no impact, and field occurrence never makes release safe.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
First findings in Ukraine and current distribution trends of Neocaridina davidi in freshwaters of Europe
The article documents 10 and 6 shrimp at one site in 2020 and 2021, seven at a second site in 2024, ovigerous females in every positive collection and later non-detection at both sites.
Boundary: Later non-detection does not prove extinction because sampling effort and detectability were not reported. Identification was described as stereomicroscopy without diagnostic character results or a molecular confirmation. The end of warm runoff was not an assigned temperature treatment, and no released source stock was traced. The observations do not establish a thermal threshold, prove release causation or make any climate release-safe.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
Life history of an invasive freshwater shrimp Neocaridina davidi in the Tomoe River
Defined measurement landmarks and field cohort estimates for the sampled population.
Boundary: Individuals were not marked from hatch to death, and the inferred lifespan is not an aquarium average or guarantee.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
Ageing the unageable: investigating novel methods of ageing crustaceans
After recalibrating inconsistent ELISA standards, global DNA methylation differed across the four age groups because the 40-day group was higher than juvenile and adult groups; juvenile and adult groups did not differ. The author concluded that this kit-based global measure was not a reliable chronological-age marker. Across approximately 6 kb of mitochondrial sequence in 127 retained shrimp, the number of point heteroplasmies did not differ among seven groups from 7 to 210 days after fertilization once one influential 40-day animal was removed. The second method therefore did not yield a usable age marker under this protocol.
Boundary: This was not a hatch-to-death survival or lifespan study. The repeatedly cited approximately 13-month captive lifespan came from another source and was used only to describe sampling coverage. One selected tank per age group leaves age inseparable from cohort-tank, family and shared-history effects; the egg group came from one mother; age windows were based on fertilization rather than observed hatch; sex, family contributions, starting denominators, deaths and censoring were not reported; and only 5 of 9 sampled 210-day animals passed quality control. The methylation result depended on recalibrated controls after only 30 of 100 raw readings fell within the supplied standard curves, with 61.7 percent inter-plate variation before recalibration. Probable amplification of nuclear mitochondrial copies affected roughly 9.5 kb, technical replicate counts agreed only 71 percent of the time and the retained approximately 6 kb represented about 39 percent of the mitogenome. Cross-sectional destructive samples were different animals, not longitudinal records. Do not use this source to claim a 13-month lifespan, label an individual old, infer age from appearance, sell an age test, establish line inheritance or diagnose oxidative damage.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
Some fecundity parameters and ovarian maturity criteria of ornamental red cherry shrimp
A visible ovary can support female-sex and ovarian-stage observations under the documented criteria.
Boundary: A hidden ovary does not prove male sex, and the stage timing is not a universal spawning countdown.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
Structure and ultrastructure of the endodermal region of the alimentary tract in the freshwater shrimp Neocaridina heteropoda
Method-confirmed internal digestive anatomy in the source taxon.
Boundary: An ordinary tank photograph cannot identify these internal organs, function or disease from colour alone.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
Cell Death in the Epithelia of the Intestine and Hepatopancreas in Neocaridina heteropoda (Crustacea, Malacostraca)
Under the described laboratory history and without an assigned external stressor, the examined adult tissues contained autophagic, apoptotic and occasional necrotic cells. Autophagy was observed in mature intestine D cells and hepatopancreas B and F cells, apoptosis in anterior-intestine D cells and proximal hepatopancreas B and F cells, while regenerative cells showed none of the three reported processes. The study did not report a statistically significant intestine-versus-hepatopancreas difference in cells with depolarized mitochondria.
Boundary: This is destructive cellular and tissue evidence, not a visible home diagnosis or a disease experiment. Breeder source, sex and adult status were reported, but host identification, age, molt stage, reproductive state, tank count, animals per tank, acclimation duration, health screening, water-test methods and the TUNEL animal denominator were not. Method groups differed and their overlap was not reported. Cell counts were nested within only three adults for the necrosis and autophagy percentages, TUNEL used an arbitrary fluorescence threshold and sex-specific values or tests were not shown. Table 1 prints 938 autophagic cells from 231 total for intestine specimen 3 even though the displayed 40.26 percent implies 93. The results do not establish a gross sign, pathogen, cause of illness, welfare state, treatment target, aquarium optimum or safe exposure, and the maintained 24 C, pH 7 and 15 degree hardness history was not an assigned comparison.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
New insights in the male anatomy, spermatophore formation, and sperm structure in Atyidae
Method-confirmed male reproductive anatomy.
Boundary: It does not make internal reproductive organs visible or diagnosable in an ordinary aquarium image.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
Enhancing Histological Techniques for Small Crustaceans: Evaluation of Fixation, Decalcification, and Enzymatic Digestion in Neocaridina Shrimp
Histological appearance in Neocaridina specimens depends strongly on fixation and processing. Davidson fluid gave the best unmodified preservation among the three tested fixatives, while trypsin and acid decalcification could add tissue damage, autolysis or staining artifacts; abdomen removal followed by Davidson fixation and decalcification scored best overall in this laboratory comparison.
Boundary: This was a post-mortem laboratory method study, not a live-animal health, diagnosis, treatment or husbandry experiment. The source identified animals only to genus and used one breeder line, did not report sex, random allocation, assessor blinding, inter-rater agreement or tank-to-treatment balance, and used only five animals per variant. Multiple sections, nuclei and pixels are specimen subsamples. Subjective score sums were reported without uncertainty, and one-way ANOVA with Fisher NIR post hoc testing does not remove small-group or multiplicity concerns. Autolysis and altered staining can be preparation artifacts rather than evidence of illness before death. The chemicals and dissection steps are hazardous laboratory procedures, and the reported 40 mg/L MS222 method lacks time-to-death, confirmation and buffering details, so it is not a validated home euthanasia protocol.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha modulates muscle growth and the molting process through its regulation of glycolysis in Neocaridina davidi
Mechanistic involvement of HIF-1 alpha and glycolysis in the tested growth and molt physiology.
Boundary: The culture dissolved-oxygen range is not a tested aquarium minimum, and visible branchial movement cannot diagnose the pathway.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
Molecular cloning and functional analysis of two calcium-associated cuticular protein genes in Neocaridina denticulata sinensis
NdCAP-1 and NdCAP-2 expression varied by molt stage and tissue, gene knockdown changed cuticle surface structure and the recombinant proteins bound calcium and chitin under the tested assays.
Boundary: The study did not assign water calcium, magnesium, GH or diet treatments. Its small molecular-manipulation groups do not establish a hardness target, diagnose an incomplete molt or show that a mineral supplement prevents failure.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
A type I crustin with an inhibitory effect on proteases and strong binding capacity to chitin from Neocaridina denticulata sinensis
NdCrus1 was cloned and its recombinant protein inhibited proteinase K and proteases in selected bacterial preparations, showed qualitative binding to chitin materials, and lost inhibitory activity after stronger reducing or heat pretreatments. It did not significantly inhibit growth of Bacillus subtilis or Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the reported bacterial-growth assay.
Boundary: The study did not challenge living shrimp, manipulate NdCrus1 in living shrimp or measure survival, clinical signs, pathogen load, clearance, transmission or protection. An antimicrobial-peptide family label and in vitro protease inhibition do not establish disease resistance, diagnosis or treatment. Qualitative chitin and chitosan binding does not validate a feed, prebiotic, supplement, molting aid or dose. The 30 to 100 C pretreatments were applied to purified recombinant protein and are not shrimp temperature-tolerance or aquarium-care tests. Tissue expression used only three animals and the ovary and testis sampling allocation was unclear. No voucher, morphological diagnosis or molecular identity confirmation was reported for market-source animals.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
Physiological and biochemical characterization of trypsin from Neocaridina denticulata sinensis and its roles in ontogenesis and immune response
NdTryp expression was highest in the hepatopancreas and localized mainly to R cells and epithelial cells lining its tubules. Expression appeared late in embryonic development, rose after the tested bacterial injection, and knockdown before challenge was associated with more severe hepatopancreatic damage than the dsEGFP challenged control.
Boundary: The injected laboratory challenge, small animal groups and ambiguous embryonic pooling do not establish natural infection, diagnosis, treatment, survival or pathogen clearance. The recombinant enzyme optima and 20 mM ion assays are not aquarium pH, temperature, mineral, copper or cadmium targets. No feeding trial tested trypsin as an additive, digestibility aid or growth treatment, and no explicitly described uninfected RNA interference histology control isolates knockdown injury from infection interaction.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
Sesquiterpenoid Hormones Farnesoic Acid and Methyl Farnesoate Regulate Different Gene Sets in Shrimp Neocaridina davidi Hepatopancreas
Excised female hepatopancreas tissue showed different short-term gene-expression responses to the two tested sesquiterpenoid hormones, including digestive-enzyme-associated transcripts after farnesoic acid exposure.
Boundary: This was an excised-organ experiment, not a whole-animal feeding, water, growth, molt, reproduction or safety trial. The paper does not document a hormone stock solvent or a matched vehicle control, and its sequencing wording does not make the timing of the control collection fully clear. Pathway labels and gene expression do not establish improved digestion, immunity, growth or vitellogenesis.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
Effects of Methyl Farnesoate on the Growth and Antioxidant Capacity of Neocaridina denticulata
The reported length, enzyme, oxidative-stress and gene-expression outcomes varied with dietary methyl farnesoate concentration and time in the study population.
Boundary: The paper does not describe replicated tanks, so diet may be confounded with one group or culture system and individual shrimp do not repair that treatment-level replication problem. The control feed is not explicitly described as ethanol-vehicle matched, and prepared-feed hormone concentration, stability, leaching, intake and internal dose were not verified. Survival, reproduction, long-term safety and withdrawal were not established. This study cannot support a home additive, water dose, growth product or breeding treatment.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
Rapid oxygen drawdown in decay experiments on marine (Palaemon varians) and freshwater (Neocaridina davidi) shrimps
In the tested 20 mL closed freshwater vials, a single adult N. davidi carcass drove oxygen saturation to complete drawdown within about one day. Open 100 mL freshwater bottles remained above full anoxia but every carcass run became at least dysoxic by 48 hours. Separate daily scoring showed rapid internal tissue opacity before major external collapse.
Boundary: The one-carcass-per-20-or-100-mL reverse-osmosis-water systems had no filter, substrate, plants, aeration, scavengers or living tankmates and cannot be scaled to a home aquarium, a tank-wide oxygen prediction or a removal deadline. Oxygen was reported as percent saturation and measured locally or in the tiny vial, not as aquarium mg/L. Freshwater oxygen groups were small, with three open and five closed containers, control allocation was unclear, oxygen and anatomy sequences used different euthanasia methods, and the work did not measure disease transmission, tankmate outcomes or cause of death. Clove oil and magnesium chloride methods are not home euthanasia protocols.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
Assessment of a biofilm-based culture system within zero water exchange on water quality and shrimp survival and growth
A deliberately designed and aerated biofilm system can contribute to water processing and juvenile culture.
Boundary: It does not validate an unaerated jar, every visible home biofilm, a no-water-change rule or a filterless aquarium.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
Breeding and life cycle of the ornamental freshwater shrimp Neocaridina davidi in a biofilm-based culture system
The tested biofilm community supported the life cycle and substrate treatment changed juvenile outcomes.
Boundary: It does not establish that any home-aquarium film is complete food or that tank age measures grazing value.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
Nutritional vulnerability in early stages of the freshwater ornamental red cherry shrimp Neocaridina davidi
Early life stages differed in nutritional vulnerability under the tested sequences.
Boundary: A starvation endpoint is not a recommended fasting interval, proof of adequate biofilm or a home feeding schedule.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
The effect of starvation and re-feeding on mitochondrial potential in the midgut of Neocaridina davidi
Starvation and refeeding changed method-confirmed midgut cell outcomes.
Boundary: It does not establish a routine fast, nutritional adequacy, a safe missed-feeding duration or a diagnosis from appearance.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
Autophagy and apoptosis in starved and re-fed Neocaridina davidi (Crustacea, Malacostraca) midgut
Within this linked laboratory series, 7 and 14 days without feed were associated with more reported autophagosome-bearing midgut cells, and tissue descriptions after 14 days included fewer organelles and less reserve material. After re-feeding, qualitative tissue structure and the reported cellular markers moved toward the earlier non-starved reference.
Boundary: This paper reused the prior experimental procedure and imported its non-starved controls, so it is not independent replication and does not provide a concurrent baseline. Most animals deprived for 21 days reportedly died, but mortality counts, timing and survival analysis were absent; the paper says that group was not quantitatively analyzed even though Table 1 lists post-21-day TEM specimens. Re-feeding food amount, frequency and intake were not reported. Table 1 animal counts conflict with the n = 5 quantitative tables, the nested cell and animal hierarchy is unclear, random allocation and blinding were not reported, and the t tests omit comparison pairs, assumptions, exact p values and multiplicity handling. Table 3 prints zero means with positive standard deviations for nonnegative percentages, which is internally impossible. Caspase-3 and LysoTracker results were qualitative, marker validation was limited, and the TUNEL threshold was described as arbitrary. The study measured no growth, molting, behaviour, reproduction, longevity or whole-animal recovery and cannot establish a routine fast, safe missed-feeding interval, re-feeding recipe, home diagnosis or health benefit.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
Relationship between ROS production, MnSOD activation and periods of fasting and re-feeding in freshwater shrimp Neocaridina davidi
Under the tested algae-suppressed conditions, 14 days without feed increased the reported mean ROS-positive cell fraction from 2.8 to 13.2 percent in the hepatopancreas and from 1.3 to 12.7 percent in the intestine. Reported values declined toward control levels after 7 to 14 days of re-feeding, alongside weaker MnSOD immunofluorescence.
Boundary: The study tested one 14-day deprivation, not a weekly fast, and measured dissected-cell oxidative-stress markers rather than a survival, growth, molting, behaviour, reproduction or longevity benefit. Its isolated 250 mL containers deliberately suppressed algae and do not represent a conditioned community aquarium. Random allocation and blinding were not reported, sex was omitted from the analysis, assay sample mapping is incomplete, MnSOD treatment differences were not quantitatively measured, and the table, figure and statistical-method descriptions make the comparison-letter interpretation ambiguous. It cannot establish that routine fasting is beneficial, that missing one normal feeding is harmful, that biofilm is adequate, or that a specific re-feeding schedule is safe.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
Effects of Dietary Manganese Supplementation on Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in the Shrimp (Neocaridina heteropoda)
Under this complete-feed formulation and 30-day system, every manganese-supplemented group had higher reported length and weight gain than the 2.79-microgram-per-gram control diet. The 62.69-microgram-per-gram measured diet had the highest reported growth percentages and antioxidant-enzyme activities and the lowest reported superoxide-anion assay value.
Boundary: The experiment does not establish a universal dietary requirement or deficiency threshold. The control was not manganese-free, the basal mineral premix already listed manganese sulfate, and the diets differed only within one formulation and short culture history. The paper reports neither starting-to-ending size values nor a growth formula, feed intake, feed conversion, survival, tissue manganese, deficiency signs, molting, reproduction or long-term safety. Wild-source identity, sex and life stage were not resolved. Sample-to-tank mapping for the n = 6 biochemical results and pooled hemolymph is unclear, and the water manganese unit conflicts between abstract and methods. A peak response at one tested concentration without dose-response modeling does not validate adding manganese to aquarium water, mixing a supplement into finished food or using antioxidant-enzyme activity as proof of better health.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
Genomic Sequence and Experimental Tractability of a New Decapod Shrimp Model, Neocaridina denticulata
The short-read resource recovered a 15,565-base-pair mitochondrial genome and recognizable hits for 455 of 458 CEGMA core genes at the stated threshold. It also demonstrates that MS-222 concentration and bath duration changed induction and recovery under the tested laboratory method.
Boundary: The 99.3 percent result is a core-gene hit rate, not 99.3 percent whole-genome completeness. The draft contained 3,346,358 contigs, an N50 of 400 base pairs and 1.284 gigabases of assembled sequence against an assumed approximately 3-gigabase genome; the authors explicitly described poor recovery of non-coding regions and manually removed three bacterial-like contigs. One unvouchered seller animal cannot establish population variation, named-line ancestry, pedigree, purity, phenotype prediction or a consumer genetic test. The 3,750 putatively crustacean-specific matches depend on database content and an E-value cutoff and do not establish unique function. The anaesthesia cells were small, some animals died at 3000 mg/L and one of three died after 30 minutes at 2000 mg/L, so the protocol is not a home treatment, transport method, euthanasia instruction or general welfare guarantee.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
Identification of putative ecdysteroid and juvenile hormone pathway genes in the shrimp Neocaridina denticulata
The study catalogued candidate orthologues for sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis, binding and degradation; ecdysteroid biosynthesis; and putative hormone regulation or signal transduction in the source draft genome. It validated selected partial transcripts and reported stronger JHAMT gel bands in embryos and juvenile anterior samples than in adult posterior samples under its assay.
Boundary: Candidate sequence homology and transcript detection do not demonstrate the encoded protein, enzyme activity, endogenous juvenile hormone, methyl farnesoate or ecdysteroid concentration, tissue-specific function or a causal role in molting or reproduction. Shade was not recovered, which the authors attributed as possibly due to poor recovery of that genomic locus. The JHAMT comparison was a semiquantitative endpoint using equal total-RNA inputs, not qPCR with a reported reference gene, band densitometry or statistical model. Animal source, taxon verification, culture system, sex, exact age, molt and reproductive stage were not reported; the draft genome came from one unvouchered commercial adult. Supplementary alignments, phylogenies and primer details were referenced but were not accessible in this review and were not independently reanalyzed. No live-animal hormone treatment, RNA interference, molt frequency, ecdysis success, growth, survival, fertility or offspring outcome was measured. The paper does not validate a hormone supplement, insect-growth-regulator treatment, mineral dose, breeding intervention, molt diagnosis, commercial-line marker or consumer genetic test.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
Rapid Change of Microbiota Diversity in the Gut but Not the Hepatopancreas During Gonadal Development of the New Shrimp Model Neocaridina denticulata
Within this nine-female stock after two days of starvation, early-stage foregut and intestine libraries had lower reported alpha diversity than later-stage libraries, hepatopancreas libraries generally differed from gut libraries, and more than 80 percent of early-stage gut reads were assigned to one Coxiella-type OTU. The study provides a public 16S survey associated with tissue region and visually assigned ovarian stage.
Boundary: This was a small cross-sectional association, not the same females followed through ovarian development and not an assigned microbiota or reproductive treatment. Stage could be confounded with age, time, individual and egg-carrying status. Relative read abundance is compositional and does not measure absolute bacterial load, prevalence among shrimp or colonization. A short 16S Coxiella-type assignment at a low classification threshold is not a species or strain identification, Coxiella burnetii diagnosis, cultured isolate, pathogen finding or probiotic. The paper reported t tests without specifying exact contrasts, pairing, tails, variance handling, test statistics, degrees of freedom or multiplicity correction, and reported no formal group-level beta-diversity test. No extraction blank, PCR negative control, mock community, random selection or blinding was described. The paper did not test bacterial function, microbial transfer, probiotic or antibiotic exposure, fertility, spawning, hatch, offspring, growth, survival, disease, immune response, feed treatment or normal fed-tank baseline. It cannot show that microbes cause ovarian maturation, that maturation causes the microbiota difference or that changing aquarium bacteria improves breeding or health.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
Neocaridina denticulata: A Decapod Crustacean Model for Functional Genomics
The paper documents that two authors recommended N. denticulata as a decapod functional-genomics model in 2015 based on its small space requirement, commercial availability, transparent cuticle, cited life-history traits and then-available preliminary genome. It explicitly identified a complete genome and reliable gene-expression manipulation as future work.
Boundary: This policy review is not a new replication of any cited experiment and is not a systematic review. Its pH 6.5 to 8.0, temperature up to 30 C, preferred 22 to 25 C and pH 7.0 to 7.5, 15 to 16 day intermolt, 20 to 30 egg, approximately 30 day hatch and 4 to 6 month maturity statements combine older sources, populations and methods; they are not one standardized aquarium comparison or validated species-wide optimum. The broad statement that N. denticulata is resistant to bacterial infection does not establish general disease resistance, a pathogen-free line, treatment or immune supplement. The cited DPrP bacterial-challenge paper remains full-text-needed in this registry, and the companion crayfish-plague citation studied a related published species against one oomycete pathogen. The preliminary genome was explicitly incomplete, and proposed transgenesis, reporter expression, mutation screening and targeted gene control were future possibilities rather than demonstrated Neocaridina methods in this paper. The review does not validate a care range, breeding calendar, stocking rule, disease guarantee, commercial-line assay or consumer genetic intervention.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
Microinjection-based CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis in the decapoda crustaceans Neocaridina heteropoda and Eriocheir sinensis
The method delivered CRISPR/Cas9 material into ex vivo Neocaridina embryos and recovered target-region insertions, replacements or deletions with altered eye phenotypes in three of 28 surviving injected embryos: two with altered eye shape and one with an absent eye.
Boundary: The authors called 3 of 28 surviving injected embryos a 10 percent gene-editing efficiency; the denominator excludes embryos that did not survive, and the initial injected total was not reported. Screening was based on abnormal eyes, so phenotype-normal survivors were not shown to have been systematically genotyped. Some embryos contained more than one edited sequence, consistent with mosaicism. Off-target effects were not assessed, one sgRNA lacked detectable in vitro digestion, and exact family contributions, randomization, blinding and complete negative-control comparisons were not reported. The study ended at early development and did not test adult survival, health, body colour, fertility, germline transmission, F1 inheritance, stable-line creation, commercial grade, named-trade-line identity or a consumer genetic test. The invasive embryo method is a functional-genomics protocol, not a hobby breeding procedure.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
Effect of diets on carotenoid content, body coloration, biochemical composition and spermatophore quality
Diet can change measured phenotype and biochemical outcomes under a defined protocol.
Boundary: Visible colour change is not inherited grade, genetic purity or proof that one diet is complete for every life stage.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
Effect of commercial diets on female reproductive performance and offspring quality in the red cherry shrimp Neocaridina davidi
Diet treatment can change selected reproductive and offspring measures.
Boundary: It does not validate every product, a universal ingredient list or a single feeding schedule.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
Brothers are better than nothing: first report of incestuous mating and inbreeding depression in a freshwater decapod crustacean
Mating and early egg measures can look similar while later hatch and juvenile outcomes differ after one full-sibling generation.
Boundary: It does not establish a founder minimum, multigeneration decline, colour loss, disease effect or calendar-based outcross schedule.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
To invest or not to invest, that is the question: male presence and genetic relatedness as modulators of female reproductive effort in a shrimp
Relatedness changed selected reproductive timing and egg-composition outcomes under this protocol.
Boundary: These internal measures cannot diagnose an unseen home colony or prove commercial sources are related.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
Assessment of potential trade-off between maternal colouration and offspring quality in the ornamental red cherry shrimp
Visible colour changed with age, and maternal colour did not simply predict offspring colour at the measured checkpoint.
Boundary: It does not provide a named-morph inheritance chart, breeding value from one parent image or a universal grade age.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
The occurrence process of chromatophores in three body color strains of the ornamental shrimp Neocaridina denticulata sinensis
Under this in-vitro protocol, no chromatophores were reported before pre-nauplius, erythrophores were the first visible chromatophore type in all three strains at the source-defined metanauplius stage, and later stage-specific observations included leucophores in red and yellow, cyanophores in blue and xanthophores in yellow after hatching.
Boundary: This does not establish a universal grading age, predict adult grade from an embryo or juvenile, validate a commercial colour-line identity or reveal inheritance. One tank per strain confounds strain with tank history, family contributions were unknown and only six individuals per strain were used for detailed observations. The egg-removal, trypsin, washing, shaker and in-vitro culture protocol is not a home breeding method. Food was not assigned as a treatment, adult colour was not followed, and discussion explanations involving carotenoids, yolk or feeding relied partly on hypotheses or unpublished data rather than a diet experiment. The paper gives one-way ANOVA but does not fully report the comparison plan, repeated-measure handling, assumption checks or exact P values, and its figure and text leave some post-hatch photographic timing ambiguous.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
Functional Analysis of NdBCO-like4 Gene in Pigmentation of Neocaridina denticulata sinensis
In the sampled laboratory strains, NdBCO-like4 expression was higher in the red strain than the yellow, blue and wild or transparent strains and varied across the five source-defined developmental stages. In the five paired maternal clutches, embryos receiving NdBCO-like4 dsRNA had lower red-channel brightness ratios and pigment-particle distribution indices than EGFP-dsRNA sibling controls under the artificial 24-hour exposure. The G.1719G>A candidate occurred in every sampled strain at different reported genotype frequencies.
Boundary: This is evidence of molecular involvement under the source assays, not a validated commercial-line marker, inheritance chart or consumer genetic test. The paper does not report the number of culture tanks per strain, so strain, family and shared tank history cannot be separated. The ex vivo RNA-interference protocol used removed embryos, 1 to 5 percent hypochlorous acid for 1 to 2 minutes, ultra-pure water and destructive molecular sampling; it is not a breeding or colour-enhancement method. A blank control is described but omitted from the displayed RNA-interference results, scoring regions and blinding are not reported, one reference gene was used without reported stability validation, and the split-clutch design was analysed with an independent t-test rather than an explicit paired model. The results text calls the target-expression decrease p greater than 0.05 while the discussion calls it significant. The abstract calls G.1719G>A synonymous, whereas the results and discussion call it a missense or non-synonymous D445N change. The same strain is called wild in the methods and transparent in figures. Although the methods state 192 genotyped individuals per strain, the Figure 7 genotype counts total 148 red, 95 yellow, 190 blue and 172 transparent animals, without explaining missing calls. The variant-frequency association does not establish causation, dominance, parentage, pedigree, selection response or identity for Blue Dream, Sunkist, Bloody Mary or any seller line.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
Genome-wide identification of the crustacyanin gene family in Neocaridina denticulata sinensis based on comparative genomics and localization analysis
The source genome contained 24 CRCN-family candidates, mostly clustered on chromosome 23, with seven reported tandem-duplicated pairs. The 15-library matrix and qPCR showed differing tissue and epidermal expression patterns, and the generated antibody produced CRCN-family signal in epidermis and muscle under the reported assays.
Boundary: This is a molecular identification and localization study, not a colour-strain, diet, breeding or grading experiment. It did not measure visible colour, chromatophores, astaxanthin amount, direct astaxanthin binding in Neocaridina, growth, survival, reproduction, molt, health or selection response. One unpublished source genome cannot establish population-wide copy number, variants or commercial-line identity. Total shrimp count, tank count, sex, age, colour line, lineage and taxon-identification method were not reported. The tissue libraries do not resolve animals versus pools, and the paper does not define the biological unit behind three qPCR samples. Primer efficiencies and a calibrator were not reported for cross-gene qPCR comparisons. High CRCN sequence similarity means the polyclonal antibody may recognize multiple family members, so localization cannot assign each subunit a distinct function. Independent animals, section counts, blinded scoring and quantitative image methods were not reported. Muscle transport, epidermal colour modulation and individual-subunit functions remain inferred rather than directly measured. The accession CRA018357 is linked only to the archive homepage in the article and does not resolve these sample-provenance gaps. Twenty-four candidate genes do not mean 24 visible traits, a trade-line inheritance chart, a consumer genetic test or a colour-food recommendation.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
Role Analysis of the scarb1 Gene in the Pigmentation of Neocaridina denticulata sinensis
Scarb1 knockdown changed metanauplius chromatophore measurements under the source protocol, and the synonymous G1593A genotype distribution differed sharply in the sampled yellow population.
Boundary: The RNAi used removed embryos from five mothers, did not report the statistical method for most comparisons and did not function at the later pre-zoea stage. The table reports 345 rather than the planned 384 genotypes per population without explaining missing calls. A selected-population association without crosses, independent line validation, phenotype prediction or a causal variant test cannot identify Sunkist or another named commercial line, establish dominance or forecast offspring.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
Effect of background color and shelters on female pigmentation in the ornamental red cherry shrimp
Background can change measured visible pigmentation under a defined protocol.
Boundary: It does not establish that dark substrate changes genotype, prevents stress or improves inherited grade.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
Examining the Adaptive significance of colour change in the freshwater shrimp Neocaridina davidi
The matching RGB channel had the largest mean ratio in every environment, but only the blue group showed a significant among-channel difference, specifically red versus blue. White, red and blue environments produced some within-channel changes; green produced none. Approximate survival was 56 percent in white, 93 percent in red, 93 percent in green and 87 percent in blue.
Boundary: This is a version 1 preprint, not peer reviewed. Only five colony representatives were barcoded, not all 64 experimental animals. Vessel allocation and replication were not reported, so pseudoreplication cannot be excluded. Animals received no feed for 14 days; water chemistry, temperature, photoperiod, mortality timing, molt state and family contributions were omitted. The colour treatment combined sand, cord and reflected light, white survival was about 56 percent and colour results include survivors only. Repeated tests lacked a stated multiplicity correction and the analysis did not model within-animal RGB channels. The study did not test inherited colour, commercial grade, genetics, health, optimal substrate, predator detection or a camouflage survival benefit.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
Shelter preference and variation in the daily activity pattern of the ornamental shrimp Neocaridina davidi
Across the tested groups, mean shelter use was 82.1 percent per observation, shelter use was higher by day than night, and Java moss was used most overall, followed by wood, while rock was used least.
Boundary: Shelter material, shape and structural complexity changed together, so the comparison does not isolate a live-plant, moss-species or complexity effect. The paper does not state a repeated-measures or aquarium-level model for the many observations of the same groups. Animals were not fed during the 72 hours, night observations used a red lamp, and no no-shelter, predator, stress, survival, growth or reproduction outcome was tested. The result does not make one plant required, define an ideal hidden percentage, diagnose stress or prove protection from fish.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
Among-individual behavioural variation in the ornamental red cherry shrimp Neocaridina heteropoda
Individuals can differ consistently in selected measured behaviours.
Boundary: It does not make one short video a personality test or diagnose stress, sex, mating or disease.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
Quantitative genetics of shy-bold behaviour and plastic response to novel predator cues in the cherry shrimp Neocaridina davidi
The fish-water cue produced modest average decreases in track length and activity and increased refuge duration. Individuals differed repeatably, and the pedigree model attributed an estimated 24.3 percent of multivariate phenotypic variance to additive genetic effects while finding no supported variation among individuals or genotypes in cue-response plasticity.
Boundary: No fish entered the assay and no capture, injury, feeding, growth, survival or recruitment endpoint was measured. The cue came from one novel fish species and its strength was not an aquarium coexistence exposure. All shrimp came from one pet-trade colony, full siblings shared one rearing tank, only about two dams per sire contributed on average and additive-genetic estimates had high uncertainty. The repeated dataset always began with control, arena water was replaced after ten trials and age varied from 41 to 215 days. The study does not establish fish compatibility, a fixed personality label, a commercial-line heritability or a selection response.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
Occurrence of Scutariella worms on Neocaridina davidi shrimp (Bouvier, 1904) in Hungary
All 15 selected shrimp carried visible opalescent-white moving worms, with 2 to 8 observed on the head, antennae or rostral region. Examined worms were reported as 0.8 to 2.0 mm long and identified as Scutariella japonica using paired anterior projections, two eyespots, internal reproductive anatomy and a posterior horseshoe- or heart-shaped sucker. Some worms contained eggs, and eggs were visible through the lateral carapace in the branchial chamber.
Boundary: This was a selected diagnostic case series, not a prevalence, transmission, quarantine-duration, water-quality or source-risk study. Host identity was not independently verified, source counts and clustering were not reported, the number of worms examined was omitted, and no molecular confirmation, voucher or image-accession record was stated. The study measured no respiration, gill lesion, molting failure, growth, reproduction, mortality, spontaneous clearance or treatment outcome. Harm statements were literature synthesis, not observations in these 15 shrimp. Fenbendazole was mentioned in one discussion sentence without product, dose, exposure, allocation, control, efficacy, recurrence or host-safety data. It cannot support a treatment recipe, a claim that every white worm is S. japonica or use of treatment response as diagnosis.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
Epibiont Cohabitation in Freshwater Shrimp Neocaridina davidi with the Description of Two Species New to Science, Cladogonium kumaki sp. nov. and Monodiscus kumaki sp. nov., and Redescription of Scutariella japonica and Holtodrilus truncatus
The authors distinguished Cladogonium kumaki, Monodiscus kumaki, Scutariella japonica and Holtodrilus truncatus, plus ciliates and rotifers. At least one recorded epibiont occurred on 688 of 900 shrimp and H. truncatus on 390 of 900. All four named taxa occurred in all four body regions with different distributions; H. truncatus was relatively associated with rostral and pereiopodal regions. Live H. truncatus and temnocephalids were observed leaving shed exuviae and seeking a host, sometimes recolonizing the nearby original shrimp.
Boundary: The source categories were observed, not assigned treatments, and are represented by only three locations each. Transport, ten-hour acclimation and microscopy handling may have changed organism abundance or location. Source-level clustering was not included in the reported GLMs, the sample was strongly female-skewed, and the sexing method was not stated. Morphological identification required microscopy and does not validate a phone-image diagnosis. Egg and molt analyses were correlational; the H. truncatus molt row reports rho -0.26 with p 0.847, an internally inconsistent combination for the surrounding interpretation. The quarantine allocation, denominator, water conditions, removal exposure and outcome measurements were not fully reported. Molting did not clear live worms, and the paper did not assign or compare a salt, medication or home-removal treatment. The sample is not prevalence for every seller, home colony or geographic trade route.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
Microhabitat distribution and behaviour of Branchiobdellidan Holtodrilus truncatus found on the freshwater shrimp Neocaridina spp. from the Sugo River, Japan
Among 141 mapped wild hosts, reported H. truncatus locations were 55.3 percent between the first pleopod and fifth pereiopod, 17.0 percent on the carapace, 15.6 percent at the eye base, 8.5 percent on the antennule and 3.6 percent around the egg mass. Twenty-three cocoons measured 0.58 to 0.76 mm, and the largest observed cocoon contained 14 developing worms. Ten worms in 100 mL vials survived 7 to 46 days and three in dishes survived 12 to 21 days after host removal without added food. In the host-exchange observation, all five supplied worms attached to Neocaridina hosts within three hours.
Boundary: Host shrimp were resolved only to Neocaridina spp. in a river where native and introduced lineages were discussed, so the findings are not species-specific N. davidi evidence. The 271 total catch, 152 animals mentioned in the attachment procedure and 141 mapped hosts are not fully reconciled, station and date denominators are missing and the location percentages do not state whether each host contributed one location or all worms were counted. No molecular confirmation of host or worm identity was reported in this article. The survival containers differed in volume, light and temperature, two of 15 worms are absent from the reported ranges, ages were unknown, water was not renewed or analytically described, death criteria were not stated and there was no fed or host-present control. The five-worm host exchange omitted exposure order, reuse mapping, independent replication, container details and complete outcomes for 28 potential hosts. Disappearance under an opaque crayfish carapace was interpreted as migration rather than directly confirmed. Claims that egg-bearing hosts hatched healthy young had no defined denominator, comparison or follow-up. Observed migration from deteriorating hosts does not establish transmission probability or a quarantine duration. The study measured no controlled shrimp lesion, respiration, growth, reproduction, mortality causation, treatment efficacy, recurrence or host safety and cannot validate predatory tankmates, forced host deterioration, worm collection, medication or a fixed isolation period.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
First report of the branchiobdellidan Holtodrilus truncatus (Annelida: Clitellata) found on the freshwater atyid shrimp Neocaridina sp. from Korea
The record establishes morphologically identified H. truncatus on wild Neocaridina sp. at one South Korean stream across material dated in 2010, 2015 and 2016. Described characters included a transparent terete body under 2 mm, no trunk appendages, a posterior sucker about the diameter of the head region and paired jaws with a 7/7 dental formula. Three NIBR voucher identifiers and the first reported 674-base-pair COI sequence for the genus, GenBank KX683299, provide checkable taxonomic anchors.
Boundary: The paper does not state the number of hosts collected, hosts carrying worms, worms examined per date, worms per host, sampling effort or whether absence was assessed, so three dated collections do not estimate prevalence, persistence between dates or geographic range. The host remained Neocaridina sp. without a reported voucher or molecular identification. Although examined material was deposited at two institutions, only three NIBR identifiers were listed and the paper does not map individual morphology, image, sequence and voucher records. The single COI sequence created a barcode reference but was not compared with an existing conspecific sequence or used in a phylogenetic or species-delimitation analysis. Immediate ethanol preservation precluded live attachment, movement and host-response observations. The study measured no lesion, respiration, molting, growth, reproduction, mortality, transmission, origin, treatment, recurrence or host safety. It cannot establish N. davidi prevalence, aquarium-trade origin, harmlessness, a phone-image diagnosis, a quarantine duration or a treatment protocol.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
Distribution of Holtodrilus truncatus, a Branchiobdellidan Ectosymbiotic on Atyid Shrimps in the Kii Peninsula, Western Japan, with Reference to Salinity Tolerance and Host Preference
Holtodrilus truncatus occurred in 10 of 26 surveyed rivers and on five atyid host species. The only two examined N. denticulata were both recorded with the worm, which establishes occurrence but not prevalence. Isolated-worm survival declined with increasing nominal salinity, including significantly lower survival at 0.5 than 0 percent. In pairwise tests that excluded Neocaridina, worms selected P. compressa over both Caridina species and C. leucosticta over C. multidentata. Cohabitation was not associated with egg number in the measured P. compressa model.
Boundary: The direct Neocaridina result is two field animals, not a representative sample. No Neocaridina entered the salinity, host-choice or egg-number analyses. Worms were removed after the host carapace was detached, so salinity was tested on isolated organisms rather than attached worms or living host shrimp. The work measured no treatment efficacy on a host, shrimp survival, sublethal host effect, recurrence or safety margin. Worms shared exposure containers in groups of two or five, the number of independent tanks was not reported, checking frequency differed by concentration, no food was provided, and floating or failure to attach was classified as death. Nominal salinity tolerance cannot validate a salt dip, 30-second exposure, host-safe dose or Neocaridina host preference.
Reviewed 2026-08-12. Result order is textual relevance, not quality, certainty, severity or importance.
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